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Growth medium

About: Growth medium is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1889 publications have been published within this topic receiving 59171 citations. The topic is also known as: culture medium & culture media.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The comparative analysis of the Arabidopsis proteome in respect to different nutrient supplies shows that the culture medium may significantly influence the expression pattern of major soluble proteins inArabidopsis cells.
Abstract: In an effort to determine the best extraction procedure compatible with the high-reproducible 2-DE, different methods of soluble protein extraction from Arabidopsis cell culture suspensions grown in Gamborg B5 medium were tested. A reference 2-DE map was established for this soluble extract revealing 1184 spots. The most abundant protein spots were excised, trypsin-digested, and mass spectra obtained via MALDI-TOF and/or LC coupled to ESI-MS. Three hundred and thirty one proteins were identified and their functions were defined based on sequence comparisons and classified in different protein families. In order to analyze the impact of culture medium on the Arabidopsis proteome, we performed the 2-DE map from Arabidopsis cell suspensions cultured in another growth medium Murashige and Skoog (M-S) and 327 major spots were identified. Using PDQuest imaging analysis, significant increases in the amount of several housekeeping enzymes, stress/defense proteins, and heat shock proteins were found in M-S medium. Modified expression of certain proteins and detection of new isoforms involved in nitrate assimilation, nitrogen, and sulfur metabolism were also observed in the M-S medium. This study provides the first 2-DE maps of the soluble proteome of Arabidopsis cell suspensions. The comparative analysis of the Arabidopsis proteome in respect to different nutrient supplies shows that the culture medium may significantly influence the expression pattern of major soluble proteins in Arabidopsis cells. This work also constitutes an important step for further proteomic analysis concerning cell responses to abiotic or biotic stresses.

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Findings are reported indicating that the existence of PYC1 and PYC2 encoding cytosolic pyruvate carboxylase isoform I and II are differentially regulated by the nature of the nitrogen source, and changes in alpha-ketoglutarate or in thealpha-ketogutarate/glutamate ratio might be implicated in triggering the nitrogen effects on PYC 1 expression.
Abstract: In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the existence of PYC1 and PYC2 encoding cytosolic pyruvate carboxylase isoform I and II is rather puzzling, owing to the lack of potent differential gene regulation by the carbon sources We report several findings indicating that these two genes are differentially regulated by the nature of the nitrogen source In wild-type cells, the activity of pyruvate carboxylase, which is the sum of pyruvate carboxylase isoform I and II, was two- to fivefold lower in carbon medium containing aspartate, asparagine, glutamate or glutamine instead of ammonium as the nitrogen source, whereas it was 15- to threefold higher when the ammonium source was substituted by arginine, methionine, threonine or leucine These enzymatic changes were independent of the nature of the carbon source and closely correlated to the changes in β-galactosidase from PYC1-lacZ gene fusion and in PYC1 transcripts Transfer of exponentially growing cells of the pyc2 mutant from an aspartate or a glutamate medium to an ammonium medium caused a fivefold increase in PYC1 mRNA in less than 30 min, whereas in the inverse experiment, PYC1 transcripts returned within 30 min to the low levels found in aspartate/glutamate medium By contrast, these conditions affected neither the pyruvate carboxylase activity encoded by PYC2 nor PYC2 mRNA Considering that changes in PYC1 expression inversely correlated with changes in α-ketoglutarate concentration or in α-ketoglutarate/glutamate ratio following the nitrogen shift experiments, and taking into account the pivotal role of this metabolite in ammonium assimilation, it is suggested that changes in α-ketoglutarate or in the α-ketoglutarate/glutamate ratio might be implicated in triggering the nitrogen effects on PYC1 expression The physiological significance of the differential sensitivity of PYC1 and PYC2 genes with respect to the nitrogen source in the growth medium is also discussed

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomycles carlsbergensis were grown in batch culture with and without oxygen control and showed clear differences in the ability of either to divide or not to divide in solution.
Abstract: Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces carlsbergensis were grown in batch culture with and without oxygen control. The concentrations of A-, B- and C-type cytochromes of both yeasts were dependent on the oxygen concentration during growth as well as on the initial glucose concentration of the growth medium. S. cerevisiae cytochromes were maximal after growth in low glucose and low oxygen; S. carlsbergensis cytochromes were maximal after growth in low glucose and high oxygen. Except when glucose was in very low concentration, its catabolism by S. carlsbergensis was directed predominantly towards ethanolic fermentation regardless of the oxygen concentration. Growth rate, total cell mass and yield were maximal, and anabolism was closely balanced with catabolism, when glucose and oxygen of S. carlsbergensis cultures were both high. Under these conditions neither catabolism, respiratory or ethanolic, nor glucose uptake were maximal.

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Colocasia in the thin-fi lm liquid system produced the greatest biomass at the highestExplant density in growth medium, had the greatest relative dry weight at the lowest explant density, and used the most sugar at thehighest explantdensity.
Abstract: Micropropagation of black-stemmed elephant ear (C. esculenta (L.) Schott 'Fon- tanesii')' and upright elephant ear (A. macrorrhizos G. Don) were compared in semi-solid agar media and agitated, liquid thin-fi lm bioreactor vessels at four explant densities (33, 100, 165, and 330 explants/L of media) using two growth regulator combinations: 1) 1 µM benzylaminopurine (BA)—growth medium, and 2) 3 µM BA plus 3 µM ancymidol—multipli- cation medium. The thin-fi lm liquid system outperformed agar culture for most measured responses. Some exceptions were relative dry weights at higher explant densities and multiplication rate of Colocasia. When the thin-fi lm liquid system was compared to agar culture, Alocasia explants produced their greatest biomass and had the least residual sugar at the highest explant density. Alocasia explants multiplied most rapidly and had the greatest relative dry weight on liquid media at the low explant densities. Alocasia plants were larger in growth medium than multiplication medium and larger in liquid medium than agar medium. When compared to agar, Colocasia in the thin-fi lm liquid system produced the greatest biomass at the highest explant density in growth medium, had the greatest relative dry weight at the lowest explant density, and used the most sugar at the highest explant density. Alocasia and Colocasia would likely produce greater fresh and dry weight at the highest explant density if additional sugar were supplied during thin-fi lm culture. Greater growth in thin-fi lm culture of Alocasia and Colocasia is due in part, to greater availability of sugar in liquid compared to agar medium.

23 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Synthesis of arginase in Chang's liver cells during a normal 4-day growth cycle is regulated, in part at least, by product repression, suggesting that the rate of accumulation of enzyme protein was involved rather than an activation or inactivation of preformed enzyme.

22 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20233
20226
202126
202032
201926
201829