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Growth medium

About: Growth medium is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1889 publications have been published within this topic receiving 59171 citations. The topic is also known as: culture medium & culture media.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Quantification of substrate consumption and cell growth revealed the capacity for complete oxidation of alkanes under strictly anoxic conditions, with nitrate being reduced to dinitrogen.
Abstract: The capacity of denitrifying bacteria for anaerobic utilization of saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) was investigated with n-alkanes of various chain lengths and with crude oil in enrichment cultures containing nitrate as electron acceptor. Three distinct types of denitrifying bacteria were isolated in pure culture. A strain (HxN1) with oval-shaped, nonmotile cells originated from a denitrifying enrichment culture with crude oil and was isolated with n-hexane (C6H14). Another strain (OcN1) with slender, rod-shaped, motile cells was isolated from an enrichment culture with n-octane (C8H18). A third strain (HdN1) with oval, somewhat pleomorphic, partly motile cells originated from an enrichment culture with aliphatic mineral oil and was isolated with n-hexadecane (C16H34). Cells of hexane-utilizing strain HxN1 grew homogeneously in the growth medium and did not adhere to the alkane phase, in contrast to the two other strains. Quantification of substrate consumption and cell growth revealed the capacity for complete oxidation of alkanes under strictly anoxic conditions, with nitrate being reduced to dinitrogen.

141 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that NaCl did not inhibit growth by reducing the capacity of epidermal cells to acidify their walls, such as that which occurs when root growth is inhibited by IAA.
Abstract: The reduction in growth of maize (Zea mays L.) seedling primary roots induced by salinization of the nutrient medium with 100 millimolar NaCl was accompanied by reductions in the length of the root tip elongation zone, the length of fully elongated epidermal cells, and the apparent rate of cell production: Each was partially restored when calcium levels in the salinized growth medium were increased from 0.5 to 10.0 millimolar. We investigated the possibility that the inhibition of elongation growth by salinity might be associated with an inhibition of cell wall acidification, such as that which occurs when root growth is inhibited by IAA. A qualitative assay of root surface acidification, using bromocresol purple pH indicator in agar, showed that salinized roots, with and without extra calcium, produced a zone of surface acidification which was similar to that produced by control roots. The zone of acidification began 1 to 2 millimeters behind the tip and coincided with the zone of cell elongation. The remainder of the root alkalinized its surface. Kinetics of surface acidification were assayed quantitatively by placing a flat tipped pH electrode in contact with the elongation zone. The pH at the epidermal surfaces of roots grown either with 100 millimolar NaCl (growth inhibitory), or with 10 millimolar calcium ± NaCl (little growth inhibition), declined from 6.0 to 5.1 over 30 minutes. We conclude that NaCl did not inhibit growth by reducing the capacity of epidermal cells to acidify their walls.

139 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The shape and the osmotic susceptibility of the protoplasts of this organism appeared to depend on the growth conditions, and the presence of a more rigid membranous structure in cells which have been exposed to a low environmental pH during growth.
Abstract: Bacillus subtilis contained at least five phospholipids, four of which have been isolated and identified as a polyglycerol phospholipid, probably cardiolipin, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and lysylphosphatidylglycerol. Further purification of the latter phosphoglyceride was obtained by high-voltage electrophoresis, and it was shown that this treatment removed amino acid-containing, nonlipidic material from the phosphoglyceride. This associated material, which is not covalently linked to the lipid, gave rise to minor amounts of a number of amino acids, other than lysine, in acid hydrolysates of the lysylphosphatidylglycerol. The phospholipid composition of B. subtilis appeared to depend on the growth conditions. Addition of glucose to the medium lowered the pH during growth; this was accompanied by an increase in the amount of lysylphosphatidylglycerol and a decrease in the phosphatidylglycerol content, when compared with growth at neutral pH. The amount of the other phospholipids and the total amount of phospholipid remained constant under the different conditions. The shape and the osmotic susceptibility of the protoplasts of this organism appeared to depend on the growth conditions. Cells harvested from a neutral growth medium gave spherical protoplasts which lysed rapidly, whereas cells grown in an acidic medium maintained their rod-shaped form to a great extent after the cell wall had been removed, even after being suspended in a hypotonic medium. The latter observation suggests the presence of a more rigid membranous structure in cells which have been exposed to a low environmental pH during growth.

139 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Nutritional characteristics of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus litoralis have been investigated with emphasis on the development of a sulfur-free, defined growth medium, analysis of an exocellular polysaccharide, and formation of a biofilm.
Abstract: Nutritional characteristics of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus litoralis have been investigated with emphasis on the development of a sulfur-free, defined growth medium, analysis of an exocellular polysaccharide, and formation of a biofilm. An artificial-seawater-based medium, containing 16 amino acids, adenine, uracil, vitamins, and trace elements, allowed T. litoralis to attain growth rates and cell densities similar to those found with complex media. Four amino acids (alanine, asparagine, glutamine, and glutamate) were not included due to their lack of effect on growth rates and cell yields. In this medium, cultures reached densities of 10(sup8) cells per ml, with doubling times of 55 min (without maltose) or 43 min (with maltose). Neither the addition of elemental sulfur nor the presence of H(inf2) significantly affected cell growth. A sparingly soluble exopolysaccharide was produced by T. litoralis grown in either defined or complex media. Analysis of the acid-hydrolyzed exopolysaccharide yielded mannose as the only monosaccharidic constituent. This exopolysaccharide is apparently involved in the formation of a biofilm on polycarbonate filters and glass slides, which is inhabited by high levels of T. litoralis. Biofilm formation by hyperthermophilic microorganisms in geothermal environments has not been examined to any extent, but further work in this area may provide information related to the interactions among high-temperature organisms.

138 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cell shape itself is an inherent cue to regulate stem cell differentiation, let alone with or without external chemical induction factors, and the ROCK-pathway-related cell tension is responsible for the shape effect on the lineage commitment of stem cells even in growth medium.

137 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20233
20226
202126
202032
201926
201829