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Growth medium

About: Growth medium is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 1889 publications have been published within this topic receiving 59171 citations. The topic is also known as: culture medium & culture media.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The investigation of the effects of culture medium composition on the elastic properties of cells highlights the need to take these effects into consideration when interpreting elasticity measurements in cells grown in different media.

86 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A medium with minimal requirements for the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS was developed and the composition of the minimal medium was compared to a genome‐scale metabolic model of L. Plantarum.
Abstract: Aim: A medium with minimal requirements for the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS was developed. The composition of the minimal medium was compared to a genome-scale metabolic model of L. plantarum. Methods and Results: By repetitive single omission experiments, two minimal media were developed: PMM5 (true minimal medium) and PMM7 [a pseudominimal medium, supporting proper biomass formation of 350 mg l−1 dry weight (DW)]. The specific growth rate of L. plantarum on PMM7 was found to be 50% and 63% lower when compared to growth on established growth media (chemically defined medium and MRS, respectively). Using a genome-scale metabolic model of L. plantarum, it was predicted that PMM5 and PMM7 would not support the growth of L. plantarum. This is because the biosynthesis of para-aminobenzoic acid (pABA) was predicted to be essential for growth. The discrepancy in simulated growth and experimental growth on PMM7 was further investigated for pABA; a molecule which plays an important role in folate production. The growth performance and folate production were determined on PMM7 in the presence and absence of pABA. It was found that a 12 000-fold reduction in folate pools exerted no influence on formation of biomass or growth rate of L. plantarum cultures when grown in the absence of pABA. Conclusion: Largely reduced folate production pools do not have an effect on the growth of L. plantarum, showing that L. plantarum makes folate in a large excess. Significance and Impact of the study: These experiments illustrate the importance of combining genome-scale metabolic models with growth experiments on minimal media.

86 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The highest concentration of Cd2+ ions in the growth medium was tolerated by a Hansenula anomala, strain while the lowest tolerance was found by the strain of species Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Abstract: Toxicity and accumulation of Cd2+ in yeasts were studied in eight different yeast species. The adaptation to toxic concentration of this metal was dependent on the production of extracellular yeast glycoproteins. The highest concentration of Cd2+ ions in the growth medium was tolerated by a Hansenula anomala, strain while the lowest tolerance was found by the strain of species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Extracellular glycoproteins of Hansenula anomala absorbed nearly 90% of the total content of Cd2+ ions bound by yeast cells, while extracellular glycoproteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae bound only 6% of the total amount of cadmium. This difference is caused by the variable composition of the saccharide moiety in the extracellular glycoproteins. The composition of extracellular glycoproteins changed during the adaptation of the yeast cells to the presence of Cd2+ ions.

85 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A comprehensive characterization of culture conditions for cells grown in the IPL‐41 medium was made, and a stoichiometrically based analysis of metabolic reactions confirmed the operation of the key pathways and was used to quantify the distribution of metabolites among primary metabolic reactions.
Abstract: The current understanding of insect cell metabolism is very limited. In order to gain some insight into the growth and metabolism of insect cells Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9), a comprehensive characterization of culture conditions for cells grown in the IPL-41 medium was made by measuring the amino acid composition of the growth medium and the cell extract, the macromolecular composition of the cells (DNA, RNA, and protein), medium concentrations of various metabolites and sugars, and the evolved CO(2). Since in the IPL-41-based serum-free medium all of the amino acids except cysteine are in great excess of what is needed by the cells for energy and protein production, a medium formulation with an osmolarity similar to the IPL-41 but with a lower amino acid content than IPL-41 was also developed. The new medium also lacks maltose and sucrose (contains only glucose), supported cell growth to a high cell density of 8 x 10(6) cells/mL. The cellular and energetic yields indicated that a tight coupling between the biosynthetic and energetic reactions was attained for cells grown in the new medium. Moreover, it was found that the intermittent feeding of glucose may not be required as the cell yield and growth rate were comparable whether the same total amount of glucose was provided intermittently or was included initially in the medium. The eventual cessation of growth in the new medium is believed to be due to the amino acid limitation because concentrations of both glutamine and glutamate were very low at the end of the growth phase. Thus, further optimization, which may include higher initial glutamine in the medium or its intermittent feeding, could lead to a further increase in the cell density. Finally, a stoichiometrically based analysis of metabolic reactions confirmed the operation of the key pathways and was used to quantify the distribution of metabolites among primary metabolic reactions. The quantitative flow values were used to highlight some key aspects of insect cell metabolism.

85 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Continuous axenic culture of Pneumocystis carinii has been achieved and infected organisms are infective for immunosuppressed rats and can be stored frozen and used to reinitiate culture.
Abstract: Continuous axenic culture of Pneumocystis carinii has been achieved. A culture vessel is used that allows for frequent medium exchange without disturbance of organisms that grow attached to a collagen-coated porous membrane. The growth medium is based on Minimal Essential Medium with Earle’s salt supplemented with S-adenosyl-l-methionine, putrescine, ferric pyrophosphate, N-acetyl glucosamine, putrescine, p-aminobenzoic acid, l-cysteine and l-glutamine, and horse serum. Incubation is in room air at 31°C. The pH of the medium begins at 8.8 and rises to ≈9 as the cells grow. Doubling times calculated from growth curves obtained from cultures inoculated at moderate densities ranged from 35 to 65 hours. With a low-density inoculum, the doubling time is reduced to 19 hours. The morphology of cultured organisms in stained smears and in transmission electron micrographs is that of P. carinii, and P. carinii-specific mAbs label the cultured material. Cultured organisms are infective for immunosuppressed rats and can be stored frozen and used to reinitiate culture.

85 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20233
20226
202126
202032
201926
201829