Showing papers on "GSM published in 2000"

WCDMA for UMTS: Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile Communications

Abstract: From the Publisher: WCDMA for UMTS provides a complete picture of the Wideband CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) air interface of the 3rd generation cellular systems - UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems). WCDMA is designed for multimedia communications including high quality images and video, and access to services with high data rates. These capabilities will create new business opportunities for manufacturers, operators and for the providers of content and applications. * Explains the key parts of the WCDMA standard and provides guidelines for its efficient use * Presents network dimensioning and coverage and capacity planning of WCDMA * Introduces radio resource management algorithms in the WCDMA network * Examines the coverage and capacity of WCDMA up to 2Mbps using numerous simulation results * Introduces the TDD (Time Divisions Duplex) mode * Discusses the co-existence of TDD and FDD (Frequency Divisions Duplex) and highlights their main differences Now includes the main modifications made to the 3GPP standard up until the end of 2000 and features the following new material: * Reference terminal classes * Current status of UMTS licensing * Capacity upgrade paths and capacity per km2 * Inter-frequency handovers and inter-system handovers to GSM * Antenna diversity gain measurements in the WCDMA experimental system Written by leading experts in the field, this practical approach to the key features in WCDMA will have wide-ranging appeal to Research and Development Engineers, Practising Engineers, Cellular Operators, Technical Managers and Students on Telecommunications courses.

Adaptation techniques in wireless packet data services

Abstract: Today's cellular systems are designed to achieve 90-95 percent coverage for voice users (i.e., the ratio of signal to interference plus noise must be above a design target over 90 to 95 percent of the cell area). This ensures that the desired data rate which achieves good voice quality can be provided "everywhere". As a result, SINRs that are much larger than the target are achieved over a large portion of the cellular coverage area. For a packet data service, the larger SINR can be used to provide higher data rates by reducing coding or spreading and/or increasing the constellation density. It is straight-forward to see that cellular spectral efficiency (in terms of b/s/Hz/sector) can be increased by a factor of two or more if users with better links are served at higher data rates. Procedures that exploit this are already in place for all the major cellular standards in the world. In this article, we describe data rate adaptation procedures for CDMA (IS-95), wideband CDMA (cdma2000 and UMTS WCDMA), TDMA (IS-136), and GSM (GPRS and EDGE).

Wireless Internet access based on GPRS

Abstract: Enabling wireless Internet access is one of the upcoming challenges for mobile radio network operators. The General Packet Radio Service is the packet-switched extension of GSM and was developed to facilitate access to IP-based services compared to existing circuit-switched services provided by GSM. Besides an overview on the basic concept, network architecture, and protocols of GPRS, this article discusses the performance the end user perceives when retrieving information from the Web using this access technology. This discussion is based on results obtained from a protocol simulator comprising not only the radio interface protocols, but also the relevant Internet protocols as well as a characteristic application model. The results show that GPRS provides bandwidth-efficient support for bursty applications like Web access.

Third Generation Mobile Communication Systems

Abstract: From the Publisher: Get a clear, complete debriefing on the current status of the third generation radio interface technology now being standardized by the international body 3GPP. This timely new work, written by Europe's leading mobile communications researchers from manufacturing, operators, and academia, gives you a thorough explanation of the basic principles of multiple access technologies, including receiver algorithms, coding, and modulation, to help you stay up-to-date with the development of third generation systems. Much of the research presented here originated in the FRAMES (Future Radio Wideband Multiple Access System) Project, which was partly funded by the European Commission. It served as the basis for ETSI's decision to adopt W-CDMA/TD-CDMA as the air interface standard for third generation systems, as well as for the actual specification work in 3GPP. Featuring the contributions of several major industrial and academic players, this book delivers the basic principles and the analytical models for the UTRA TDD mode using TD/CDMA, and for the UTRA FDD mode using W-CDMA, allowing you to understand how this multiple access system fulfills UMTS requirements. Plus, you're presented with key advanced receiver algorithms; coding and modulation techniques; and Layer 2 issues including the UTRA architecture, protocol architectures, signaling protocols, and ARQ schemes. Included is an examination of TDD and FDD mode compatibility with GSM, and the methods used for calculating mobile station location within the coverage area. With this unique new book you get an invaluable integrated resource that examines the fundamentals and applications of the most important thirdgeneration mobile communications technologies.

The Global System for Mobile Communications Short Message Service

Abstract: This tutorial presents an overview of the Global System for Mobile Communications Short Message Service from the viewpoint of implementing new telematic services. The SMS offers the users of GSM networks the ability to exchange alphanumeric messages up to the limit of 160 characters. The tutorial is motivated by an acute absence of research publications in this field. The information gathered in the tutorial was required considering the increasing potential SMS offers for integration with existing messaging services and its ability to offer a successful replacement for the transmission control and Internet protocols as far as low-bandwidth-demanding applications are concerned. Initially, the tutorial gives an overview of the building blocks of GSM networks-the mobile station, base station, and network subsystem-and then emphasizes the SMS network and protocol architecture. The most widely used protocols for message submission are then introduced (text-based, SMS2000, ETSI 0705, TAP) and compared in terms of features provided and flexibility to handle extended alphabets or two-way messaging. Finally the tutorial outlines a summary of current and future issues for further development and research in the light of novel features for submission protocols and telematic services.

Group handover in a cellular communications network

Abstract: A cellular communications system permits handover of a group of mobile stations (15) having like characteristics from a base station (13) operating in one type of network e.g. UMTS to a base station (16) operating in a different type of network e.g. GSM, or from a first carrier frequency to a second carrier frequency both being supported by the same base station, thereby relieving congestion in an overloaded cell by handing over a group of calls to an under-loaded one. The invention has the benefits of enabling such a handover with the minimum of signalling overhead.

Apparatus, and associated method, for remotely effectuating a transaction service

Abstract: A set-top box is equipped with a television and a mobile terminal as well as a bank server connection all connected to each other via Internet, GSM networks, BlueTooth networks or the like. Users can request bank services via mobile phones. After security checks are completed, the user is granted permission to perform a selected banking service. The user can fill out a form or follow menu selection instructions to effectuate the desired service.

Using internet and internet protocols to bypass PSTN, GSM map, and ANSI-41 networks for wireless telephone call delivery

Abstract: A method and system to provide GSM subscribers roaming into CDMA or TDMA networks, and CDMA or TDMA subscribers roaming into GSM networks, with basic call delivery wireless services as long as the roamers can pay the bill with their valid credit card, and to do so independently of and as a bypass of GSM Memorandum of Understandings for cellular/PCS services. This is achieved by integrating the proper pieces of wireless and wireline networks and secure communications, using IP networks and protocols as an alternative to the existing telephony-based approach.

Analysis of the influence of the power control and discontinuous transmission on RF exposure with GSM mobile phones

Abstract: Biological studies and, in particular, epidemiological ones require the estimation of the RF exposure induced by a mobile phone. Due to the different techniques used by global system mobile (GSM) and digital communication system (DCS) such as power control and discontinuous transmission, the power emitted by a handset is largely variable. As these parameters depend on the environment and the network strategy, individual exposure level is difficult to evaluate a priori. An analysis of the relative influence of the main parameters is performed and a method of statistical analysis based on measurement is proposed to estimate and characterize the exposure level in an operating network. Using a test mobile system, the data stream between the mobile and the base station, and, in particular the power control level, has been recorded along routes in Paris and its vicinity. Statistical parameters such as mean value, standard deviation, level crossing rate, and average duration fading have been extracted from these data. These parameters, which characterize the RF exposure induced by a GSM handset in an operating network, have been applied to a generic handset to evaluate the characteristics of the power absorbed by specific biological tissues using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method.

The 3GPP and 3GPP2 movements toward an all-IP mobile network

Abstract: Today's wireless core network is based on a circuit-switched SS7 architecture similar to that found in wireline telecommunications networks. With the advent of IP technologies and the tremendous growth in data traffic, the wireless industry is evolving its core networks toward IP technology. Wireless telecommunications started as an offshoot of wireline telephony, and the absence of global standards resulted in regional standardization. Two major mobile telecommunications standards have dominated the global wireless market, namely, TDMA/CDMA developed by the TIA in North America and GSM developed by the ETSI in Europe. As we move toward third-generation wireless, there is a need to develop standards which are more global and collaborative. The global wireless industry has created two new global partnership projects, SGPP and 3GPP2, to address the issue of the limited data capabilities of 2G systems, motivating the partnership projects (PPs) to start work on 3G wideband radio technologies that can provide higher data rates. This work resulted in 3G wireless radio technologies that will provide data rates of 144 kb/s for vehicular, 384 kb/s for pedestrian, and 2 Mb/s for indoor environments, and meet the ITU IMT-2000 requirements. Now that the radio technology standards to support higher data rates have been developed, the PPs are focusing on development of standards for all-IP networks. We discuss the genesis of 3GPP and 3GPP2 IP work, outlining the important architectural differences of the two groups. Currently, 3GPP and 3GPP2 offer divergent proposals that need to be harmonized if convergence toward an IP-based mobile telecommunications networks is to become a reality.

Adaptive routing for road traffic

Abstract: The article reports on an integrated system which uses road congestion information to guide routing, both in advance and while in transit. It offers two novel features: historic information about congestion is collected and retained for use when planning routes; and GPS tracks vehicles while they undertake journeys, and the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Short Message Service (SMS) maintains communications between a moving vehicle and a central planning service to suggest revised routes avoiding congestion.

Mobile telecommunications system

Abstract: A method of processing a handover request from a base station controller (BSC) of a GSM (Global System for Mobile communication)-type network. The method comprises the steps of passing a handover request with GSM-type parameters from a base station controller (BSC) through a Master Switching Center (MSC) of the GSM-type network to a UMTS core network (CN) and to a Radio Network Controller (RNC) of the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) network, translating the GSM-type parameters to UTRAN parameters in the Radio Network Controller (RNC), and allocating UTRAN resources in response to the translated parameters.

A multi-band cellular basestation antenna

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-band cellular basestation and in particular relates to antennas for such basestations. There is a growing need for mult-band basestation antennas for mobile communication systems, to serve existing 2nd generation systems, and emerging third generation systems. For example, GSM and DCS1800 systems currently coexist in Europe, and emerging 3rd generation systems (UMTS) will initially have to operate in parallel with these systems. The present invention provides a dual/triple/multi-band performance cellular basestation antenna having a shared aperature, having a first set of radiating elements operable at a first frequency range; a second set of radiating elements operable at a second frequency range; wherein the first set and second set of radiating elements are arranged in an interleaved fashion.

Mobile equipment and networks providing selection between USIM/SIM dependent features

Abstract: A mobile equipment (10), such as a cellular radio telephone, includes a controller (18) coupled to a wireless transceiver (14, 16) for bidirectionally communicating with one of a plurality of different networks (32, 32′), such as a GSM network and a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network. A data storage module (28), referred to herein as a SIM/USIM or as a UICC (UMTS Integrated Circuit Card), is readably coupled to the controller. The module stores information for specifying at least an identification and the operational capabilities of the module in each of the plurality of different networks. The controller is responsive to a request received from one of the plurality of networks through the transceiver for accessing the module to retrieve the stored information and for transmitting the retrieved information to the requesting one of the networks through the transceiver.

Handover procedures in a radio communication system

Abstract: Intercell handover method in UMTS mobile systems in TDMA-SCDMA technique (and also FDMS-SDMA) with full duplexing of the TDD type. The complexity of the technique adopted requires a frame synchronization mechanism employing a downlink pilot signal, broadcasting transmitted by the base station, echoed by signature sequences transmitted by the single Mobile units in the procedures foreseeing an uplink access. The above, together with the high cipher speed (1.28 Mchip) imposed by the CDMA technique, makes inappropriate the addition of other fields to the sequence of the downlink pilot, which shall remain a pure synchronization sequence. Contrarily to the GSM, a field is missing in the synchronism burst for the transport of the system frame number FSN, absolutely necessary for the iperframe synchronism and the starting of ciphering on the channel. The information on SFN is included in the common signalling channel as other broadcasting information. This would unacceptably slow the handover and therefore a message has been created and put at disposal of the network to return the current system frame number FSN in the new cell in a dedicated mode, in reply to the HANDOVER ACCESS message sent by the Mobile (fig. 16).

Radio Jamming Attacks Against Two Popular Mobile Networks

Abstract: The dependence on Mobile Networks is growing. The success of the Internet was followed by Denial of Service attacks. What if the same happens to Mobile Networks? This paper gives an introduction to the concept of Radio Jamming and explores jamming resistance of two popular mobile networks: GSM and WLAN. Radio interfaces of the two systems are analysed and effective jamming-to-noise ratios are calculated. Based on the results, suggestions on how to increase the jamming resistance of the networks are given.

Packet mode in wireless networks: overview of transition to third generation

Abstract: This article presents an overview of packet mode data transfer in cellular networks. Leading 2G+ cellular networks of GSM GPRS and IS-95B are introduced. The architecture and protocol layers in two leading third-generation cellular network proposals, cdma2000 and WCDMA, are presented. Mobile IP support in various cellular networks is discussed next. With efficient support of mobile IP in cellular networks, seamless integration of cellular networks with the Internet is expected to be reached at a rapid pace.

GSM speech coding and speaker recognition

Abstract: This paper investigates the influence of GSM speech coding on text independent speaker recognition performance. The three existing GSM speech coder standards were considered. The whole TIMIT database was passed through these coders, obtaining three transcoded databases. In a first experiment, it was found that the use of GSM coding degrades significantly the identification and verification performance (performance in correspondence with the perceptual speech quality of each coder). In a second experiment, the features for the speaker recognition system were calculated directly from the information available in the encoded bit stream. It was found that a low LPC order in GSM coding is responsible for most performance degradations. By extracting the features directly from the encoded bit-stream, we also managed to obtain a speaker recognition system equivalent in performance to the original one which decodes and reanalyzes speech before performing recognition.

Fixed-mobile convergence strategy: technologies and market opportunities

Abstract: Competition in the telecommunications market is growing rapidly. Therefore, network operators and service providers have to reform their marketing and service delivery strategies in order to be competitive in the broadband service market. A convergence strategy for fixed and mobile services via a standards-based IN platform may provide a step in the right direction. This article deals with evolutionary steps for convergence services and their benefits to network operators and customers. It presents possible migration paths from the existing GSM to UMTS. The article also provides a comparative analysis of the wireless technologies involved in this evolution.

Method for routing data in a communication system

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for routing data from a service request in a communication system. A context is transferred from a packet data gateway, such as a Serving GPRS (GSM Packet Radio Service) Support Node (SGSN), to a Base Station System (BSS) coupled thereto. The context specifies where data for this user should be sent. The service request is received at the BSS and includes data. The data from the service request is routed to an appropriate location, based at least in part upon the context.

Self-organisation in future mobile communications

Abstract: The concept of self-organisation in wireless networks is introduced. The paper proposes planning and deployment cost, capacity, coverage, flexibility and future potential as the criteria by which wireless topologies and resource management strategies should be validated. It discusses numerous techniques that can be considered as self-organising and evaluates the suitability of these techniques in both macro- and microcellular environments. A standard 4-carrier GSM base station is used as the reference cellular technology. It is demonstrated that, by combining suitable techniques, a potential future capacity increase of one order of magnitude (13 times) is estimated in a microcellular environment. Substantial capacity increments can also be achieved in macrocellular networks. When the cost of both planning and deployment is considered, intelligent relaying together with environment adaptation are shown to perform well and could reduce the cost of future networks to a tenth of their current level.

Location Aware Information Agent over WAP

Abstract: Information agents on mobile computing environment should adaptively provide information based on the changing location of mobile users. The agent has to obtain user’s location dynamically, and respond him the information or service depending upon his geographical position. We propose a novel framework for location-aware information agent that operates on the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) environment. There is a locating module that can obtain user’s location by GSM cellular network. A topology-based data model is devised to represent geographical information. Search algorithm can find location-dependent results from the topology graph. Search results are organized as dynamic documents, which are Wireless Markup Language (WML) cards and decks. Finally our framework is implemented with Ericsson WAP simulation environment.

A fast automatic modulation recognition algorithm and its implementation in a spectrum monitoring application

Abstract: An algorithm based on an efficient decision-tree approach for performing real-time automatic modulation recognition is presented. The algorithm is computationally efficient and can discriminate between various digital and analog signal modulation, delivering reliable decisions using very short observation times. Communications formats, such as AMPS, GSM and US digital cellular, can also be recognized. The implementation of this algorithm in a practical spectrum monitoring system is discussed. Measurements using off-the-air signals, and computer simulations, indicate that the system performs well in different surveillance scenarios.

A dual-band RF front-end for WCDMA and GSM applications

Abstract: An RF front-end for dual-band, dual-mode operation is presented in this paper. The front-end consumes 22.5 mW from a 1.8 V supply and is designed to be used in direct conversion WCDMA and GSM receivers. The measured noise figure, gain, and IIP3 are 2.3 dB, 39.5 dB, and -19 dBm for GSM and 4.3 dB, 33 dB, and -14.5 dBm for WCDMA, respectively. The front-end has 27 dB gain control range in both systems.

UMTS, the mobile multimedia vision for IMT 2000: a focus on standardization

Abstract: Cellular mobile telecommunications and the World Wide Web are growing at an exciting pace. In the year 1999 both GSM and the Internet reached more than 200 million registered users globally. Thus, it may be expected that users will demand the combination of mobility and multimedia services in a foreseeable time frame. Multimedia content increases and differentiates with the changing information society, and an even richer variety of audio, visual, and text-based information will be required in the future. UMTS, the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, a member of the IMT-2000 family of third-generation systems, will provide these services. UMTS standardization has set a new paradigm of timely market-driven standardization in a global partnership of standardization bodies.

Disabler for mobile communications

Abstract: The object of the call masking system for mobile telephones is to prevent the operation of mobile telephones which are present in a closed environment without interfering with the normal operation of other telephones which are outside the closed environment. To this effect, the system generates interference signals which will prevent the mobile telephones from receiving the signaling channels sent by the base stations (for example, GSM call signaling channel). The system monitors the power with which the carriers of the neighboring base stations are received inside the room and will adjust the interference power radiating in the signaling channels so that the carrier to interference signal ratio will make the operation of the mobile telephones impossible. The system can be applied to closed environments wherein mobile telephones should not ring when receiving a call.

Mobile multimedia-challenges and opportunities

Abstract: Today, we observe the creation of an increasing number of multimedia consumer devices for mobile and home use. This includes set-top-boxes, game consoles, personal digital assistants (PDA), e-books, but also mobile phones. Although these devices have many things in common with desktop PCs-above all Internet access-it is widely accepted that they will serve a different purpose. Many committees and companies are currently trying to define the open application platform for tomorrow's consumer terminals for home use, among others the so-called Multimedia Home Platform (MHP) of the European Digital Video Broadcasting (DVE) project. Meanwhile, on the cellular end of the multimedia business, portable appliances like cellular phones, e-books and PDAs are evolving to multimedia terminals, starting from narrow band Internet services like the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) and slowly adopting video technologies. One of the main obstacles to overcome is bandwidth limitation-even for 3G mobile systems-and broadcast technology is considered to be a serious candidate to fill this gap, both for TV and data services. A special challenge is to provide multimedia services in vehicles, where, due to the static environment relative to the driver, some requirements for mobile and static terminals apply at the same time. This paper summarizes some trends and opportunities of mobile multimedia-especially in the DVB and GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) domain, while outlining the different requirements for mobile, home and car use of multimedia services.

UMTS: Mobile Communications for the Future

Abstract: From the Book: Commercial start-up of the third-generation mobile system is scheduled for the year 2002. The name given to this system, at least in the European context, is the universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS). Of the original idea conceived in the early 1980s, what remains today are the ambitious service features that the system must provide to the user: the ability to communicate in movement, anytime and anywhere, through an enormous variety of applications and universally usable terminals. These expectations are attracting increasing attention from the mass media, and are seen by the public at large as the natural evolution of a process which in a few short years has enabled the cellular telephone to enjoy a success that few would have thought possible. The mobile systems that we have now come to take for granted have done much to change how we live and communicate. Together with the potential offered by the Internet, they have even changed some of our ways of thinking, at levels that are far deeper than might seem at first sight. How we work, use information, represent concepts and exchange messages have all changed. To an ever-increasing extent, the new media bring together voice, images and data, or even make these different communication modes interchangeable. This is possible because of the common digital representation shared by information content, and the synthesis and coding techniques associated with it. Thus, the UNITS system springs from convergence between the worlds of telecommunications and information technology. The new mobile system could well prove to be an ambitious synthesis of the evolution of these two worlds, especially at the level of services. Aside from the shared expectations, however, preparing the way for the UNITS system has been a far from straightforward process, and many of the system's basic aspects are still open to different interpretations and solutions. At the moment, for example, specifications are addressing at least three different radio interface modes, two of which have been adopted at the European level. These different ways of responding to a shared vision of UNITS reflect the variety of interests at stake, and the unequal rates and stages of evolution in the countries involved. The different stances that have been taken up regarding the system's implementation are confirmed, however involuntarily, by the first letter in its acronym, which stands, not for unique, but for universal. And this latter characteristic is most likely to be achieved by making different techniques compatible at the service level, rather than by developing a single solution for all continental regions. Be this as it may, the system's complexity and the enormous economic interests hinging on it have led to the consolidation of certain technological and systems-related aspects, where a common vision now prevails. The major innovations that have been achieved range from the service creation approach to the associated features' independence of the network layers, and to the flexibility of the transport functions, which can cover a broad range of application requirements. In addition, the UMTS system's evolution is seen as a continuation of existing systems and services. The new system, in fact, grows from a mobile market that is now firmly consolidated, at least with regard to voice services. GSM operators, who have deployed (and continue to invest) massive financial resources and know-how in the complexities of specifying the system, are aiming at a relatively graceful transition (a sort of soft handover, as it were) from today's system to UMTS. Indeed, the UNITS specifications acknowledge this need for gradual migration by calling for multimode terminals and the adoption of network architectures that are largely derived from GSM solutions. Today, the standards-writing groups in Europe, Japan and to some extent in the United States are collaborating in defining a system which, if not unique, can truly be termed universal. This degree of convergence is by no means accidental, and has largely been achieved through the determination shown by TIM in its strategic contributions at the international level. This book deals chiefly with the technical and service solutions that have been adopted in this context. Though the topics covered are highly specialised by nature, every effort has been made to ensure that the basic concepts are accessible to a wide readership, as the book is addressed to decision makers in related industries in addition to those working in the specific technical sectors concerned. There can be no doubt that the book is one of the first to be published on the topic. With specifications still in a state of flux, any such effort to organise the many issues involved and put them in context is of enormous value, as it provides a consistent view of the entire system and the services it is expected to support. The preview of the UMTS system's content, technical scenarios and services that the book offers has been made possible by TIM's early commitment to drawing up specifications for UMTS, and the importance which the operator has from the outset assigned to meeting this new challenge. A significant part of this commitment was channelled through CSELT, which was directly involved in developing specifications and in assessing and testing candidate solutions. CSELT was thus able to consolidate its mastery of the mobile systems of the near future, building up a broad-based understanding of these systems and operative skills of great value. This is no mean achievement, if we think of the vital impact that this know-how can have on our country's growth prospects. Flavio Muratore Torino January 18, 2000

EU-TeleInViVo: an integrated portable telemedicine workstation featuring acquisition, processing and transmission over low-bandwidth lines of 3D ultrasound volume images

Abstract: A transportable telemedicine workstation has been designed, developed and evaluated for use in isolated areas such as islands, rural areas and crisis situation areas. The EU-TeleInViVo is a custom-made device integrating in one solid case: a portable PC with telecommunication capabilities and a light, portable 3D ultrasound station. The system developed has low price, low weight, is transportable and non-radiating. The integrated workstation uses advanced software techniques to acquire 3-dimensional ultrasound data of a patient. The device is now being tested in different socioeconomic conditions and adjusted accordingly to meet needs of developing countries and countries in transition. It currently comes in two versions, one fully portable, self-contained device, and a workstation version (PC attached to an ultrasound scanner for internal hospital use). A dedicated software package has been developed for the needs of this project, based on the InVivoScanNT software package developed at Fraunhofer IGD. During a teleconsultation, both partners, connected over a telecommunications network, are able to share the same interface and perform tasks visible in real time, even on low bandwidth channels, to both ends on the same data set. The system supports various ways of communication, such as Internet, ISDN, common phone lines, GSM, etc.