Showing papers on "GSM published in 2006"

Practical metropolitan-scale positioning for GSM phones

Abstract: This paper examines the positioning accuracy of a GSM beacon-based location system in a metropolitan environment. We explore five factors effecting positioning accuracy: location algorithm choice, scan set size, simultaneous use of cells from different providers, training and testing on different devices, and calibration data density. We collected a 208-hour, 4350Km driving trace of three different GSM networks covering the Seattle metropolitan area. We show a median error of 94m in downtown and 196m in residential areas using a single GSM network and the best algorithm for each area. Estimating location using multiple providers' cells reduces median error to 65-134 meters and 95% error to 163m in the downtown area, which meets the accuracy requirements for E911. We also show that a small 60-hour calibration drive is sufficient for enabling a metropolitan area similar to Seattle.

Mobility detection using everyday GSM traces

Abstract: Recognition of everyday physical activities is difficult due to the challenges of building informative, yet unobtrusive sensors. The most widely deployed and used mobile computing device today is the mobile phone, which presents an obvious candidate for recognizing activities. This paper explores how coarse-grained GSM data from mobile phones can be used to recognize high-level properties of user mobility, and daily step count. We demonstrate that even without knowledge of observed cell tower locations, we can recognize mobility modes that are useful for several application domains. Our mobility detection system was evaluated with GSM traces from the everyday lives of three data collectors over a period of one month, yielding an overall average accuracy of 85%, and a daily step count number that reasonably approximates the numbers determined by several commercial pedometers.

A GSM, internet and speech controlled wireless interactive home automation system

Abstract: The home automation today needs to make use of the latest technological components available. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of a home automation system where communication technologies GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), Internet, and speech recognition have been used. All these techniques are successfully merged in a single wireless home automation system. This system offers a complete, low cost, powerful and user friendly way of real-time monitoring and remote control of a house

Are GSM Phones THE Solution for Localization

Abstract: In this paper, we argue that localization solution based on cellular phone technology, specifically GSM phones, is a sufficient and attractive option in terms of coverage and accuracy for a wide range of indoor, outdoor, and placebased location-aware applications. We present preliminary results that indicate that GSM-based localization systems have the potential to detect the places that people visit in their everyday lives, and can achieve median localization accuracies of 5 and 75 meters for indoor and outdoor environments, respectively.

Advanced Cellular Network Planning and Optimisation: 2G/2.5G/3G...Evolution to 4G

Abstract: A highly practical guide rooted in theory to include the necessary background for taking the reader through the planning, implementation and management stages for each type of cellular network. Present day cellular networks are a mixture of the technologies like GSM, EGPRS and WCDMA. They even contain features of the technologies that will lead us to the fourth generation networks. Designing and optimising these complex networks requires much deeper understanding. Advanced Cellular Network Planning and Optimisation presents radio, transmission and core network planning and optimisation aspects for GSM, EGPRS and WCDMA networks with focus on practical aspects of the field. Experts from each of the domains have brought their experiences under one book making it an essential read for design practitioners, experts, scientists and students working in the cellular industry. Key Highlights * Focus on radio, transmission and core network planning and optimisation * Covers GSM, EGPRS, WCDMA network planning & optimisation * Gives an introduction to the networks/technologies beyond WCDMA, and explores its current status and future potential * Examines the full range of potential scenarios and problems faced by those who design cellular networks and provides advice and solutions all backed up with real-world examples This text will serve as a handbook to anyone engaged in the design, deployment, performance and business of Cellular Networks. "Efficient planning and optimization of mobile networks are key to guarantee superior quality of service and user experience. They also form the essential foundation for the success of future technology development, making this book a valuable read on the road towards 4G." -Tero Ojanpera, Chief Technology Officer, Nokia Networks

Self-configuring cellular basestation

Abstract: A basestation for a cellular wireless communications network is able to configure itself for operation in the network, by selecting appropriate operating frequencies (in the case of a GSM network) or scrambling codes (in the case of a UMTS network), and appropriate transmit powers. This makes it practical for a large number of such basestations to be deployed in a network, within customers' premises, without requiring network intervention in each case.

Multi-mode handset services

Abstract: Delivery of dual-mode GSM/WiFi voice and data services to a consumer with support for transparent network registrations and handovers between GSM and WiFi networks. Aspects include transparently and wirelessly automating call redirection procedures of calls and data (e.g., SMS messages) to legacy telephone devices, to GSM handsets via broadband, and to VoIP devices via broadband. An indoor network is treated as a pseudo visitor PLMN (VPLMN) by the home PLMN (HPLMN) which does not require GSM radio coverage in an indoor network. This innovation provides a means for automating a process of redirecting a subscriber's calls from the GSM network to the subscriber's home network, and can utilize a Bluetooth access point to provide a beacon signal for triggering redirection.

Method and apparatus for wireless multi-carrier communications

Abstract: A Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network supports multi-carrier operation on the downlink and/or uplink for a mobile station. The mobile station receives an assignment of multiple carriers for a first link in the GSM network, receives an assignment of at least one carrier for a second link in the GSM network, and exchanges data with the GSM network via the multiple carriers for the first link and the at least one carrier for the second link. The first link may be the downlink and the second link may be the uplink, or vice versa. The mobile station may receive data on multiple carriers at the same time for multi-carrier operation on the downlink. The mobile station may transmit data on multiple carriers at the same time for multi-carrier operation on the uplink.

The First Fully Integrated Quad-Band GSM/GPRS Receiver in a 90-nm Digital CMOS Process

Abstract: We present the receiver in the first single-chip GSM/GPRS transceiver that incorporates full integration of quad-band receiver, transmitter, memory, power management, dedicated ARM processor and RF built-in self test in a 90-nm digital CMOS process. The architecture uses Nyquist rate direct RF sampling in the receiver and an all-digital phase-locked loop (PLL) for generating the local oscillator (LO). The receive chain uses discrete-time analog signal processing to down-convert, down-sample, filter and analog-to-digital convert the received signal. A feedback loop is provided at the mixer output and can be used to cancel DC-offsets as well to study linearization of the receive chain. The receiver meets a sensitivity of -110 dBm at 60mA in a 1.4-V digital CMOS process in the presence of more than one million digital gates

Method and System for Minimizing Power Consumption in a Communication System

Abstract: Certain embodiments of the invention may be found in a method and system for minimizing power consumption in a communication system. Exemplary aspects of the invention may comprise configuring a supply voltage of an amplifier to enable communication of data using a first communication protocol during a first timeslot in a TDM frame, reconfiguring the supply voltage of the amplifier to enable communication of data using a different communication protocol, and adjusting the supply voltage of the amplifier in proportion to the envelope of a baseband signal conforming to one of the communication protocols. The first and second communication protocols may conform to various communication protocols, such as WCDMA, HSDPA, HSUDPA, GSM, GPRS, EDGE, WiMAX, OFDM, UWB, ZigBee, and Bluetooth. The baseband signal may be delayed by a number of samples before being input into the amplifier.

Using a trusted-platform-based shared-secret derivation and WWAN infrastructure-based enrollment to establish a secure local channel

Abstract: A system and method for establishing a trusted connection on a mobile computing device. A shared secret is generated on a trusted platform (106) of the mobile computing device (102). The shared secret is transported to a secure channel application (118). The secure channel application establishes a secure local communication channel between the trusted platform and a SIM (subscriber identity module) /Smartcard (104) on the mobile computing device. The shared secret is received by the SIM/Smartcard. In one embodiment, the mobile computing device includes a GSM (Global Systems for Mobile Communications) 03.48 application (120) that sends the shared secret to a GSM 03.48 network infrastructure (122) for storage, management, and verification by the GSM 03.48 network infrastructure, and in turn sends the shared secret to the SIM/Smartcard on the mobile computing device. In an alternative embodiment, a Dif f ie-Hellman key exchange is performed by the trusted platform to send the shared secret to the SIM/Smartcard. The shared secret, after being received by the SIM/Smartcard, is provided to a secure channel applet (112) on the SIM/Smartcard. The secure channel applet establishes the local communication channel between the SIM/Smartcard and the trusted platform. Once the secure channel application on the trusted platform and the secure channel applet on the SIM/Smartcard both have the shared secret, a transport layer security (TLS) -based handshake can take place to establish the secure local communication channel.

Method of providing a cellular phone/pda communication system

Abstract: A cellular, PDA communication device and communication system for allowing a plurality of cellular phone users to monitor each others' locations and status, to initiate cellular phone calls by touching a symbol on the touch screen display with a stylus which can also include point to call conferencing calling. Each participant's cellular phone PDA device includes GPS navigation receiver with application software for point to call cellular phone initiation to participants and geographical entities including vehicles, persons or events, conference calls and video transfers. The method and system also includes automatic shifting from GPRS/EDGE/CDMA/1XEVDO to SMS when any of the cellular phones in the communication network is in the voice mode and in use and for automatic shifting back to GPRS/EDGE/CDMA/1XEVDO upon completion of the voice phone call. In addition, using the system, a full transfer of photographs, video clips and high speed data can be used between any cellular phones regardless of who the cellular phone vendors or cellular phone companies are and in either CDMA, GSM, WiFi or a combination of the two.

Wireless multi-standard terminals: system analysis and design of a reconfigurable RF front-end

Abstract: The availability of multi-standard terminals will be key to provide location independent connections able to take advantage of any possible infrastructure. This paper addresses both the architecture and the circuits for the RF front-end of a terminal with cellular (GSM, EDGE and UMTS), LAN (IEEE802.11a/b/g) and Bluetooth radio interfaces. A multi-standard simulator has been developed to validate the architectural and design choices in terms of error rates at bit or packet level. The simulator takes into account implementation non-idealities and performs all tests to be passed to comply with the given standards. It also hints at the need for implementation margins as well as at possible optimization between different RF-blocks. The final solution, still under design, will consists of two chips, one including the TX and the other the RX for all the above standards. The cellular (plus Bluetooth) transmitter relies on a Linear amplification with Non-linear Component (LINC) architecture that uses direct modulation of the carrier. This allows power saving because DAC and up-conversion mixers are not required. The WLAN (plus Bluetooth) transmitter adopts a direct-conversion architecture that implements an internal output matching over all the frequency bands while maintaining good system efficiency. The same building blocks are used for all standards, saving power and chip area. The cellular receiver architecture is able to reconfigure between Low-IF for GSM and direct conversion for UMTS and Bluetooth. The key aspects in achieving the specs in a fully integrated fashion are a mixer with a very high dynamic range, a careful control of DC offsets and a highly tunable VCO. The WLAN receiver also uses direct-conversion with a Low Noise Amplifier based on a common gate topology that uses positive feedback through integrated transformers to improve input matching and noise. The frequency down-converter uses current driven passive mixers to achieve low 1/f noise corner, and high linearity with low power consumption. Finally, the base-band blocks can be shared among all the standard, thanks to their high reconfigurability. The paper describes the ideas behind the key RF blocks and some details of circuit implementation. Experimental measurements from sub-blocks in a 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology are presented and discussed.

Performance evaluation of a TOA-based trilateration method to locate terminals in WLAN

Abstract: Nowadays, several systems are available for outdoor localization, such as GPS, assisted GPS and other systems working on cellular networks. However, there is no proper location system for indoor scenarios. Research into designing location systems for 802.11 networks is being carried out, so locating mobile devices on global networks (GSM/cellular + GPS + WLAN) finally seems feasible. The technique presented in this paper uses existing wireless LAN infrastructure with minor changes to provide an accurate estimation of the location of mobile devices in indoor environments. This technique is based on round-trip time (RTT) measurements, which are used to estimate distances between the device to be located and WLAN access points. Each RTT measurement estimates the time elapsed between the RTS (Request-to-Send) and the CTS (Clear-to-Send) frame of the 802.11 standard. By applying trilateration algorithms, an accurate estimation of the mobile position is calculated.

A bandwidth enhancement technique for mobile handset antennas using wavetraps

Abstract: A novel technique for enhancing the impedance bandwidth of wireless terminal antennas is presented. By introducing resonant short circuit transmission lines to the long sides of the chassis edges, an effective electrical shortening of the terminal ground plane is achieved. This effect has been used to realize terminal ground planes with resonant lengths at high frequencies, such as GSM 1800/1900 MHz or UMTS 2 GHz, thereby extending the impedance bandwidth. The proposed technique has been validated by simulations and measurements. Three typical applications are presented where the introduction of wavetraps improves the bandwidth and/or in-band performance

TraX: a device-centric middleware framework for location-based services

Abstract: Location-based services turned out not to be the "next big thing" following the success stories of GSM and SMS. The reasons for this are manifold and range from inaccurate cellular positioning technologies to a lack of competition in this field, both being closely related to the fact that positioning is controlled by a network-centric approach where the mobile network operator has the unique selling point for making position data available to third parties. However, things change: small, low-cost GPS receivers, either attachable to mobile devices or even integrated, are enjoying great popularity since their recent inception and are expected to become a standard feature of cell phones in the near future. In conjunction with mobile packet data services, they provide a basis for device-centric LBS platforms, where position data can be obtained directly from the mobile device. In this article the device-centric LBS middleware TraX, which focuses particularly on position management, advanced functions for interrelating the position data of several targets, and privacy protection, is presented. Due to its generic and open design, TraX can be reused for a broad range of different LBSs and thus fosters service diversity and multiprovider environments, both of which are essential for making the next generation of LBSs a success

Thin internal GSM/DCS patch antenna for a portable mobile terminal

Abstract: A novel internal dual-band patch antenna with a small thickness of 3 mm for application in Global System for Mobile Communication/Digital Communication System (GSM/DCS) mobile terminals such as the mobile phone or Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) phone is presented. The patch antenna occupies an area of 15/spl times/60 mm/sup 2/, with its top patch embedded with a simple T-shaped slit, which separates the top patch into two resonant paths to generate two resonant modes for 900/1800 MHz operation. Then, by extending a small portion of the top patch beyond the top edge of the system ground plane of the mobile terminal, the antenna can provide two wide bandwidths covering the GSM/DCS bands. The proposed antenna is experimentally studied, and effects of the extended top-patch portion and the ground-plane length on the obtained bandwidths are discussed.

A single antenna interference cancellation algorithm for increased gsm capacity

Abstract: In mobile communications networks, system capacity is often limited by cochannel interference. Therefore, receiver algorithms for cancellation of cochannel interference have recently attracted much interest. At the mobile terminal, algorithms can usually rely only on one received signal delivered by a single receive antenna. In this letter, a low-complexity single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) algorithm for real-valued modulation formats referred to as mono interference cancellation (MIC) is introduced which is well suited for practical applications. Field trials in commercial GSM networks using prototype terminals with the proposed MIC algorithm have demonstrated that the novel concept may yield capacity improvements of up to 80%. The underlying principle is also beneficial for adjacent channel interference and receivers with multiple antennas. Furthermore, in coverage-limited scenarios, there is no performance degradation compared with conventional receivers

Multiplexing and feedback support for wireless communication systems

Abstract: A control scheme using packet headers allows GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) systems to increase spectral efficiency through multiplexing techniques, such as superposition coding, multi-user packet transmission, joint detection, and/or joint decoding. A fast feedback scheme for GERAN allows Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) frames to be transmitted over GERAN air interfaces without excessive feedback latency. As a result, Hybrid Automatic Repeat-reQuest (H-ARQ) acknowledgements may be timely provided for end-to-end VoIP calls that traverse GERAN air interfaces. Additionally, Incremental Redundancy H-ARQ and link quality feedback latencies are decreased.

A New Approach of Automobile Localization System Using GPS and GSM/GPRS Transmission

Abstract: This paper presents a low cost automotive localization system using GPS and GSM-SMS services. The system permits localization of the automobile and transmitting the position to the owner on his mobile phone as a short message (SMS) at his request. The system can be interconnected with the car alarm system and alert the owner, on his mobile phone, about the events that occurs with his car when it is parked. The system is composed by a GPS receiver, a microcontroller and a GSM phone. Additional, the system can be settled for acquiring and transmitting of information, when requested, about automobile status and parameters (engine status, speed, direction, etc.) or alert when it started engine, exceed a given speed limit or if leave a specific area. By using the PC connection, the system can be used as navigation system. Optional, the system can be used as car tracking system if connected with GSM/GPRS phone. The presented application is a low cost solution for automobile position localizing and status, very useful in case of car theft situations (alarm alert, engine starting, localizing), for adolescent drivers watching and monitoring by their parents (speed limit exceeding, leaving a specific area), as well as in car tracking system application. The proposed solution can be used in other types of application, where the information needed are requested rarely and at irregular period of time (when requested).

LMS-based calibration of an RF digitally controlled oscillator for mobile phones

Abstract: We propose a least-mean square based gain calibration technique of an RF digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) in an all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL). The DCO gain of about 12-kHz/least significant bit is subject to process, voltage and temperature variations, but is tracked and compensated in real time. Precise setting of the inverse DCO gain in the ADPLL modulating path allows direct wide-band frequency modulation that is independent from the ADPLL loop bandwidth. The technique is part of a single-chip fully compliant Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)/EDGE transceiver in 90-nm digital CMOS.

A Compact Multiband Planar Antenna for Mobile Handsets

Abstract: A novel compact planar antenna is presented in this letter, which can operate in five bands: GSM (890-960 MHz), DCS (1710-1880 MHz), PCS (1850-1990 MHz), UMTS (1920-2170 MHz), and WLAN (2400-2484 MHz). Consisting of three resonant branches and one tuning branch, the antenna occupies an area of 38.5 times 15 mm2. Due to its two-dimensional (2-D) structure, the antenna is directly printed on the circuit board with low cost, and can be easily integrated with other parts of the circuits of mobile handsets. A prototype has been fabricated and tested, and the experimental results validate the design procedure

Frequency overlay technique for a pico cell system

Abstract: To ameliorate interference between an indoor wireless pico cell system, for example in an aircraft, and public wireless communications systems operating in a surrounding or over-flown area, frequencies of operation of the indoor system are coordinated with those used by the public wireless systems in the surrounding area. The pico cell system operates one type of service on all or a portion of a band used for a different type of service by the public system. In the aircraft example, a pico cell system might support GSM narrowband service and CDMA broadband service. The airborne GSM operations use a portion, e.g. corresponding to a guard band, of CDMA service spectrum in the terrestrial network. The airborne CDMA service uses a band used for GSM service by the terrestrial network. The pico cell system dynamically changes its frequency band(s), as the aircraft flies over different areas.

Mobile User Positioning in GSM/UMTS Cellular Networks

Abstract: There has been increased interest in developing location services for wireless communications systems over the last several years. Mobile network operators are continuously investigating new innovative services that allow them to increase the profit. In the days to come, location based service or LBS will be benefiting both the consumers and network operators. While the consumers can expect greater personal safety and more personalised features, the network operators will tackle discrete market segments based on the different service portfolios. This paper analyses radiolocation methods applicable to GSM/UMTS mobile station location, and compares them with other positioning techniques used today, giving an insight into the convergence of satellite and cellular positioning.

Efficient cell measurements during transmission gaps in a compressed mode

Abstract: A terminal obtains a monitored set containing GSM neighbor cells and/or UMTS neighbor cells. The terminal operates in a compressed mode and obtains from a UMTS network at least two transmission gap pattern sequences for different measurement purposes, e.g., for “GSM carrier RSSI measurements” (GAP1), “GSM initial BSIC identification” (GAP2), and “GSM BSIC re-confirmation” (GAP3). The terminal makes RSSI measurements for the GSM cells using multiple transmission gap pattern sequences, e.g., using GAP1, GAP2 and GAP3. The terminal identifies the BSIC for at least one GSM cell by (1) detecting the tone on the FCCH using multiple transmission gap pattern sequences, e.g., using GAP2 and GAP3, and (2) decoding the SCH using multiple transmission gap pattern sequences, e.g., using GAP2 and GAP3. The use of multiple transmission gap pattern sequences for RSSI measurement and BSIC identification allows the terminal to complete the cell measurements and send a report sooner, which may improve performance.

A novel compact wide-band planar antenna for mobile handsets

Abstract: A novel printed compact wide-band planar antenna for mobile handsets is proposed and analyzed in this paper. The radiating patch of the proposed antenna is designed jointly with the shape of the ground plane. A prototype of the proposed antenna with 30 mm in height and 50 mm in width has been fabricated and tested. Its operating bandwidth with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) lower than 3:1 is 870-2450 MHz, which covers the global system for mobile communication (GSM, 890-960 MHz), the global positioning system (GPS, 1575.42 MHz), digital communication system (DCS, 1710-1880 MHz), personal communication system (PCS, 1850-1990 MHz), universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS, 1920-2170 MHz), and wireless local area network (WLAN, 2400-2484 MHz) bands. Therefore, it could be applicable for the existing and future mobile communication systems. Design details and experimental results are also presented and discussed.

Gateway for a system having multiple radio access technologies

Abstract: A telecommunications system is disclosed, including a first radio access technology (legacy: GSM; UMTS/UTRAN) having a first radio access network (node B 15, RNC 17), and a second radio access technology (EUTRA) having a second radio access network (AP 20), wherein said first radio access network (node B 15, RNC 17) is divided into a plurality of first areas and said second radio access network (AP 20) is divided into a plurality of second areas, and wherein a home subscriber server entity (HSS 10) is provided that is common to both the first and second radio access technologies (legacy: GSM; UMTS) and which controls in which of the first and second areas a mobile terminal (UE 1) is registered, characterized in that a common control plane gateway entity (CP-GW 24) is provided through which communications from the first and second radio access networks, which relate to the first and second area which the mobile terminal (UE 1) occupies, are routed.

Baseband analog front-end and digital back-end for reconfigurable multi-standard terminals

Abstract: Multimedia applications are driving wireless network operators to add high-speed data services such as EDGE (E-GPRS), WCDMA (UMTS) and WLAN (IEEE 802.11a,b,g) to the existing network. This creates the need for multi-mode cellular handsets that support a wide range of communication standards, each with a different RF frequency, signal bandwidth, modulation scheme, etc. This in turn generates several design challenges for the analog and digital building blocks of the physical layer. In addition to the above mentioned protocols, mobile devices often include Bluetooth, GPS, FM-radio and TV services that can work concurrently with data and voice communication. Multi-mode, multi-band, and multi-standard mobile terminals must satisfy all these different requirements. Sharing and/or switching transceiver building blocks in these handsets is mandatory in order to extend battery life and/or to reduce cost. Only adaptive circuits that are able to reconfigure themselves within the handover time can meet the design requirements of a single receiver or transmitter covering all the different standards while ensuring seamless inter-operability. This paper presents analog and digital base-band circuits that are able to support GSM (with EDGE), WCDMA (UMTS), WLAN and Bluetooth using reconfigurable building blocks. The blocks can trade off power consumption for performance on the fly, depending on the standard to be supported and the required QoS (Quality of Service) level.