Showing papers on "GSM published in 2014"

Design and implementation of vehicle tracking system using GPS/GSM/GPRS technology and smartphone application

Abstract: An efficient vehicle tracking system is designed and implemented for tracking the movement of any equipped vehicle from any location at any time. The proposed system made good use of a popular technology that combines a Smartphone application with a microcontroller. This will be easy to make and inexpensive compared to others. The designed in-vehicle device works using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global system for mobile communication / General Packet Radio Service (GSM/GPRS) technology that is one of the most common ways for vehicle tracking. The device is embedded inside a vehicle whose position is to be determined and tracked in real-time. A microcontroller is used to control the GPS and GSM/GPRS modules. The vehicle tracking system uses the GPS module to get geographic coordinates at regular time intervals. The GSM/GPRS module is used to transmit and update the vehicle location to a database. A Smartphone application is also developed for continuously monitoring the vehicle location. The Google Maps API is used to display the vehicle on the map in the Smartphone application. Thus, users will be able to continuously monitor a moving vehicle on demand using the Smartphone application and determine the estimated distance and time for the vehicle to arrive at a given destination. In order to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the system, this paper presents experimental results of the vehicle tracking system and some experiences on practical implementations.

GSM based Automatic Irrigation Control System for Efficient Use of Resources and Crop Planning by Using an Android Mobile

Abstract: The greenhouse based modern agriculture industries are the recent requirement in every part of agriculture in India. In this technology, the humidity and temperature of plants are precisely controlled. Due to the variable atmospheric circumstances these conditions sometimes may vary from place to place in large farmhouse, which makes very difficult to maintain the uniformity at all the places in the farmhouse manually. It is observed that for the first time an android phone-control the Irrigation system, which could give the facilities of maintaining uniform environmental conditions are proposed. The Android Software Development Kit provides the tools and Application Programmable Interface necessary to begin developing applications on the Android platform using the Java programming language. Mobile phones have almost become an integral part of human life serving multiple needs of humans. This application makes use of the GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) feature of mobile phone as a solution for irrigation control system. GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) is used to inform the user about the exact field condition. The information is passed onto the user request in the form of SMS. Drip irrigation is artificial method of supplying water to the roots of the plant. It is also called micro irrigation. In past few years there is a rapid growth in this system. The user communicates with the centralized unit through SMS. The centralized unit communicates with the system through SMS which will be received by the GSM with the help of the SIM card. The GSM sends this data to ARM7which is also continuously receives the data from sensors in some form of codes. After processing, this data is displayed on the LCD. Thus in short whenever the system receives the activation command from the subscriber it checks all the field conditions and gives a detailed feedback to the user and waits for another activation command to start the motor. The motor is controlled by a simple manipulation in the internal structure of the starter. The starter coil is indirectly activated by means of a transistorized relay circuit. When the motor is started, a constant monitoring on soil moisture and water level is done & once the soil moisture is reached to sufficient level the motor is automatically turned off & a massage is send to subscriber that the motor is turned off. The water level indicator indicates three levels low, medium, high and also empty tank. Shen etc. al (2007) introduced a GSM-SMS remote measurement and control system for greenhouse based on PC-based database system connected with base station. Base station is developed by using a microcontroller, GSM module, sensors and actuators. In practical operation, the central station receives and sends messages through GSM module. Criterion value of parameters to be measured in every base station is set by central station, and then in base stations parameters including the air temperature, the air humidity. Indu etc. al (2013) mainly focuses on reviews in the field of remote monitoring and control, the technology used and their potential advantages. The paper proposes an innovative GSM/Bluetooth based remote controlled embedded system for irrigation. The system sets the irrigation time depending on the temperature and humidity reading from sensors and type of crop and can automatically irrigate the field when unattended. Information is exchanged between far end and designed system via SMS on GSM network. A Bluetooth module is also interfaced with the main microcontroller chip which eliminates the SMS charges when the user is within the limited range of few meters to the designated system. The system informs users about many conditions like status of electricity, dry running motor, increased temperature, water content in soil and smoke via SMS on GSM network or by Bluetooth. The GSM based irrigation system (Fig.1) may offer users the flexibility to regulate and control the operations of their irrigation systems with little intervention to reduce runoff from over watering for improvement in crop yield. This enables users to take advantage of the globally deployed GSM networks with its low SMS service cost to use mobile phones and simple SMS commands to manage their irrigation system. It will be possible for users to use SMS to monitor directly the conditions of their farmland, schedule the water

RSSI-Fingerprinting-Based Mobile Phone Localization With Route Constraints

Abstract: Accurate positioning of a moving vehicle along a route enables various applications, such as travel-time estimation, in transportation. Global Positioning System (GPS)-based localization algorithms suffer from low availability and high energy consumption. A received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measured in the course of the normal operation of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)-based mobile phones, on the other hand, consumes minimal energy in addition to the standard cell-phone operation with high availability but very low accuracy. In this paper, we incorporate the fact that the motion of vehicles satisfies route constraints to improve the accuracy of the RSSI-based localization by using a hidden Markov model (HMM), where the states are segments on the road, and the observation at each state is the RSSI vector containing the detected power levels of the pilot signals sent by the associated and neighboring cellular base stations. In contrast to prior HMM-based models, we train the HMM based on the statistics of the average driver's behavior on the road and the probabilistic distribution of the RSSI vectors observed in each road segment. We demonstrate that this training considerably improves the accuracy of the localization and provides localization performance robust over different road segment lengths by using extensive cellular data collected in Istanbul, Turkey; Berkeley, CA, USA; and New Delhi, India.

SideSwipe: detecting in-air gestures around mobile devices using actual GSM signal

Abstract: Current smartphone inputs are limited to physical buttons, touchscreens, cameras or built-in sensors. These approaches either require a dedicated surface or line-of-sight for interaction. We introduce SideSwipe, a novel system that enables in-air gestures both above and around a mobile device. Our system leverages the actual GSM signal to detect hand gestures around the device. We developed an algorithm to convert the discrete and bursty GSM pulses to a continuous wave that can be used for gesture recognition. Specifically, when a user waves their hand near the phone, the hand movement disturbs the signal propagation between the phone's transmitter and added receiving antennas. Our system captures this variation and uses it for gesture recognition. To evaluate our system, we conduct a study with 10 participants and present robust gesture recognition with an average accuracy of 87.2% across 14 hand gestures.

Water Quality Monitoring and Control for Aquaculture Based on Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract: We have designed and presented a wireless sensor network monitoring and control system for aquaculture. The system can detect and control water quality parameters of temperature, dissolved oxygen content, pH value, and water level in real-time. The sensor nodes collect the water quality parameters and transmit them to the base station host computer through ZigBee wireless communication standard. The host computer is used for data analysis, processing and presentation using LabVIEW software platform. The water quality parameters will be sent to owners through short messages from the base station via the Global System for Mobile (GSM) module for notification. The experimental evaluation of the network performance metrics of quality of communication link, battery performance and data aggregation was presented. The experimental results show that the system has great prospect and can be used to operate in real world environment for optimum control of aquaculture environment

Denoising Detection for the Generalized Spatial Modulation System Using Sparse Property

Abstract: Generalized spatial modulation (GSM) is a novel scheme developed from the conventional single-active antenna spatial modulation (SA-SM). The challenge of the GSM lies at the receiving end. Since more than one antenna is activated, the complexity of ML detection for GSM is much higher than that for SA-SM, especially if the number of antennas is large. Low complexity sub-optimal detections, such as ZF detection or MMSE detection, can be used to detect GSM. However, the performance of these detections is poor and cannot yet be applied in an underdetermined system. Spatial modulation has an inherent property of sparsity. However, to the best of our knowledge, this property has not been used for GSM. In this paper, we exploit this property and propose a sub-optimal detection algorithm. The traditional algorithm using sparsity is sensitive to noise and not suitable for the application to communication systems. Therefore, we employ a denoising scheme to counter the effect of the background noise.

Narrowband LTE-M System for M2M Communication

Abstract: The Internet of Things will bring billions of devices that are inter-connected using cellular networks. LTE cellular systems are being deployed worldwide and will remain in place for the foreseeable future. However, LTE was designed for high data-rate broadband services. Even with M2M features being added in LTE Rel-12, it is not optimized for low data-rate and wide area M2M services such as smart meters, remote sensors, and consumer devices. In this paper, we present a design of a new narrowband M2M system built from existing LTE functionalities for Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) systems. Salient features of this new system include low-cost devices, high coverage, long device battery life, and high capacity. It can be deployed using minimum of one GSM channel and can also share spectrum with existing broadband LTE systems. Cost analysis shows significant reduction compared to LTE UEs. In addition, coverage analysis and capacity results are presented. Finally, coexistence with GSM is analyzed.

Generalized Spatial Modulation in Indoor Wireless Visible Light Communication

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the performance of generalized spatial modulation (GSM) in indoor wireless visible light communication (VLC) systems. GSM uses $N_t$ light emitting diodes (LED), but activates only $N_a$ of them at a given time. Spatial modulation and spatial multiplexing are special cases of GSM with $N_{a}=1$ and $N_{a}=N_t$, respectively. We first derive an analytical upper bound on the bit error rate (BER) for maximum likelihood (ML) detection of GSM in VLC systems. Analysis and simulation results show that the derived upper bound is very tight at medium to high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). The channel gains and channel correlations influence the GSM performance such that the best BER is achieved at an optimum LED spacing. Also, for a fixed transmission efficiency, the performance of GSM in VLC improves as the half-power semi-angle of the LEDs is decreased. We then compare the performance of GSM in VLC systems with those of other MIMO schemes such as spatial multiplexing (SMP), space shift keying (SSK), generalized space shift keying (GSSK), and spatial modulation (SM). Analysis and simulation results show that GSM in VLC outperforms the other considered MIMO schemes at moderate to high SNRs; for example, for 8 bits per channel use, GSM outperforms SMP and GSSK by about 21 dB, and SM by about 10 dB at $10^{-4}$ BER.

Comparative Performance Analysis of Wireless Communication Protocols for Intelligent Sensors and Their Applications

Abstract: The systems based on intelligent sensors are currently expanding, due to theirs functions and theirs performances of intelligence: transmitting and receiving data in real-time, computation and processing algorithms, metrology remote, diagnostics, automation and storage measurements…The radio frequency wireless communication with its multitude offers a better solution for data traffic in this kind of systems. The mains objectives of this paper is to present a solution of the problem related to the selection criteria of a better wireless communication technology face up to the constraints imposed by the intended application and the evaluation of its key features. The comparison between the different wireless technologies (Wi- Fi, Wi-Max, UWB, Bluetooth, ZigBee, ZigBeeIP, GSM/GPRS) focuses on their performance which depends on the areas of utilization. Furthermore, it shows the limits of their characteristics. Study findings can be used by the developers/ engineers to deduce the optimal mode to integrate and to operate a system that guarantees quality of communication, minimizing energy consumption, reducing the implementation cost and avoiding time constraints.

GSM whitespaces: An opportunity for rural cellular service

Abstract: The GSM network is the largest network on Earth, providing vital communications service to billions of people. Yet hundreds of millions of people live outside the coverage of existing cellular providers. Recently, researchers have demonstrated a new model of cellular connectivity, community cellular, that has the potential to bring coverage to extremely rural populations. Although the total capital costs for these networks (

Parking space reservation management system of intelligent parking lot

Abstract: The invention provides a parking space reservation management system of an intelligent parking lot. The system comprises a server, a client, a public wireless communication module, a GSM short message module, a parking space communication control module which is arranged in each parking space and an active RFID card which is arranged on each registered client vehicle and is one-to-one bound with a client GSM number. The parking space communication control module reads the information of the active RFID card and carries out information exchange with the public wireless communication module through a ZigBee network. The server carries out information exchange with the public wireless communication module through a public communication network and carries out information exchange with a client through the GSM short message module. According to the invention, detailed parking space information can be offered for the registered client and a parking space reservation function is realized; the blindness of parking of the registered client is completely eliminated; the client can successfully find a parking space; going out and parking of the client are convenient; and the system has strong anti-interference capacity, and is especially suitable for parking lots of a supermarket, an airport, a hospital and other public places.

Energy efficient network selection using 802.16g based gsm technology

Abstract: Handover is the mechanism that transfers information from one terminal to another as a user moves through the coverage area of a cellular system. Here the Network selection is the handover decision process between various network environments. This handover decision will be either mobile or network initiated. In 2G GSM handover decision method especially concentrates on Received frequency signals (RFS). Upcoming technologies (3G/4G) the number of available networks increase the selection process should evaluate additional factors such as cost, network services, network terminology, system conditions, user and operators performances and needed energy to work in an exceedingly network. In Future networks (IEEE or 4G standards) offer facilities such as network routes, handover routing messages, network and client reports, message exchange with handover triggers and handover negotiation. In this study we have a tendency to discuss the utilization of a cost function to perform associate a network selection exploitation information provided by these standards, such as network coverage or network properties. The efficient function provides flexibility to balance the various factors within the network selection, and our research is focused on rising each seamlessness and energy efficiency of the devices in handovers. We have a tendency to evaluate our approach supported usage scenarios over 2G, 3G and 4G GSM networks. Our results show the optimal networks and handovers were generate appropriate times to increase overall network connectivity as compared to traditional network schemes, at the same time optimizing energy consumption of network devices.

Performance Analysis for Generalised Spatial Modulation

Abstract: In this paper, the performance of generalised spatial modulation (GSM) using large scale multiple-input multiple- output (MIMO) systems is analysed from an information- theoretic point of view The analysis is extended to account for the average bit error ratio (ABER) We introduce a simple model for the capacity which allows us to derive a closed-form expression for the capacity of GSM This is achieved by modelling GSM as two independent sources of information, where we show that GSM has the potential to achieve the capacity of MIMO systems Moreover, using Monte-Carlo simulation for link-level mutual information, it is shown that the theoretical limit can be reached with practical signal constellations in operationally important signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) regions Furthermore, the ABER performance of GSM is analysed in this paper, and a tight upper bound for correlated and uncorrelated, Rayleigh and Rician channels is derived Finally, the performance of GSM is validated through Monte Carlo simulations and compared with the performance of spatial modulation (SM) It is shown that GSM outperforms SM by up to 35 dB while the same low complexity of SM is retained Specifically, the complexity is equal to that of single-input multiple-output (SIMO) systems Moreover, a further advantage of SM is maintained which is that only a single radio frequency (RF) chain is required Thus, GSM is a perfect candidate for large scale MIMO systems Index Terms—Generalised Spatial Modulation (GSM), Spatial modulation (SM), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), large scale MIMO

GSM Based Home Automation System UsingApp-Inventor for Android Mobile Phone

Abstract: Nowadays, the remote Home Automation turns out to be more and more significant and appealing. It improves the value of our lives by automating various electrical appliances or instruments. This paper describes GSM (Global System Messaging) based secured device control system using App Inventor for Android mobile phones. App Inventor is a latest visual programming platform for developing mobile applications for Android-based smart phones. The Android Mobile Phone Platform becomes more and more popular among software developers, because of its powerful capabilities and open architecture. It is a fantastic platform for the real world interface control, as it offers an ample of resources and already incorporates a lot of sensors. No need to write programming codes to develop apps in the App Inventor, instead it provides visual design interface as the way the apps looks and use blocks of interlocking components to control the app’s behaviour. The App Inventor aims to make programming enjoyable and accessible to novices.

Design of a Multiband Antenna for LTE/GSM/UMTS Band Operation

Abstract: This paper proposes a multiband antenna for LTE/GSM/UMTS band operation. The proposed antenna consists of a meandered planar inverted-F antenna with an additional branch line for wide bandwidth and a folded-loop antenna. The antenna provides a wide bandwidth to cover the hepta-band LTE/GSM/UMTS operation. The measured 6 dB return loss bandwidth is 169 MHz (793–962 MHz) at the low-frequency band and 1030 MHz (1700–2730 MHz) at the high-frequency band. The overall dimension of the proposed antenna is 55 mm × 110 mm × 5 mm.

GSM passive coherent location system: performance prediction and measurement evaluation

Abstract: This study describes the processing scheme of the FKIE (Fraunhofer Institute for Communication, Information Processing and Ergonomics) GSM-based passive coherent location (PCL) system, which consists of an antenna and signal processing adapted to the GSM waveform and of target tracking based on multi-hypothesis tracking. To overcome the limitations from a single bistatic transmitter-receiver pair, fusion of the measurements from different geometries is the key component of a GSM PCL system. The authors demonstrate a significant improvement in target position estimation from the tracking process on the basis of real data and theoretical performance bounds. The impact of the transmitter-target-receiver geometry is discussed and the effect of the exploitation of prior context knowledge (e.g. clutter and land maps) on maritime traffic surveillance is shown.

Design and Implementation to Authentication over a GSM System Using Certificate-Less Public Key Cryptography (CL-PKC)

Abstract: Recent years, the mobile technology has experienced a great increment in the number of its users. The GSM's architecture provides different security features like authentication, data/signaling confidentiality and secrecy of user yet the channel is susceptible to replay and interleaved. It always remains relevant as it is important in all types of application. Global system for mobile (GSM) communications has become the most popular standard for digital cellular communication. The GSM security system depends on encryption, authentication algorithms and information from SIM card. In this research paper, we proposed the design and implementation of a new authentication scheme by using certificate-less public key cryptography (CL-PKC) over the GSM system was attempted to miss some system detail. This research paper, we also proposed the GSM system and its security and public key cryptography with a focus in the CL-PKC; the CL-PKC is a simple, useful and robust security scheme designed and implemented over GSM. Our approach is more efficient than other competing topologies. We solved the GSM problem in A3 algorithm such as eavesdropping and this problem solved by CL-PKC because of its robustness against this type of attack by providing mutual authentication make the system more secure.

20.8 A 20mW GSM/WCDMA receiver with RF channel selection

Abstract: Recent work on RF receivers has exploited N-path filters to address two critical issues, namely, blocker tolerance and high RF selectivity [1,2]. However, these designs face three drawbacks: (1) the low-noise amplifier (LNA) incorporates a Gm stage that, even with a virtual ground at its output nodes, must still withstand strong blockers at its input; (2) the low-order filter transfer function does not provide sufficient selectivity in narrow-band applications such as GSM or WCDMA; (3) they consume roughly 60mW around 2GHz.

Fingerprinting based localization in heterogeneous wireless networks

Abstract: Due to advances in mobile technology, context-aware applications are continuously growing in importance; therefore, the ability of developing accurate and reliable localization system has become a necessity. Since methods based on received signal strength (RSS) fingerprints are today widely adopted and most of mobile devices comprise different wireless access technologies, it is feasible to use fingerprints from heterogeneous wireless networks (HWN) for localization purposes. In this paper we propose a novel approach for localization based on searching the area which best matches the test RSS fingerprint. We evaluated the proposed method in realistic environment in WLAN, GSM and UMTS networks, and compared it with other commonly used approaches. The results showed that our method compares favorably to others, and practically always achieves the lowest localization error. We also extended the proposed system using a model of cooperative positioning by combining the estimates obtained in the heterogeneous wireless network. The obtained results showed that with combined location estimate, significant improvement over any single system was achieved.

Design and implementation of an accurate real time GPS tracking system

Abstract: GPS tracking has many uses in today's world; the system can be used for children tracking, asset, car or any equipment tracking and as spy equipment. This paper presents an accurate and reliable real time tracking system using GPS (global positioning system) and GSM (global system for mobile communication) services, which was designed and implemented successfully in university of Khartoum labs. The system permits localization of a portable tracked unit and transmitting the position to the tracking centre. The GPS tracking system consists of portable tracked device attached to a person, vehicle or any asset, and the tracking center where the portable device's location should be monitored. The mobile tracked device receives its coordinates from the GPS and sends these coordinates as SMS via GSM modem to the tracking centre, which is simply a personal computer with many interface programs to display the location on Google maps using free version of Google Maps APIs (application programming interfaces). The testing shows that The system meets its objective of being low-cost, accurate, real time and adaptive for various applications.

Design and Deployment of Aqua Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Networks and IAR-Kick

Abstract: In Aquaculture, the yields (shrimp, fish etc.) depend on the water characteristics of the aquaculture pond. For maximizing fish yields, the parameters which are to be kept at certain optimal levels in water are dissolved oxygen, temperature, salinity, turbidity, pH level, alkalinity and hardness, ammonia and nutrient levels. These parameters can vary a lot during the period of a day and can rapidly change depending on the external environmental conditions. Hence it is necessary to monitor these parameters with high frequency, if not continuously, for timely analysis and action. This need accurate real- time information system and performance in order to maximize their potential. Wireless sensor networks are used to monitor aqua farms for relevant parameters, such as pH levels, humidity, dissolved oxygen levels, water temperature, ammonia levels etc. This system consists of two modules which are transmitter station and receiver station. The transmitter station consists of sensor nodes such as pH, humidity, and temperature inside and outside of water, and also microcontrollers, GSM, analog/digital converters. The receiver station consists of GSM module for receiving the sensing data from transmitter through GSM network. The receiver station receives data through the com port and stores in PC in order to achieve human-computer interface. The graphical user interface was designed, so that farmers and investigators can observe, investigate and analyze the related data. The user interface allows us to convey the analyzed data in the form of a message to the farmers in their respective local languages to their Mobile Phones and alerts them in unhygienic environmental conditions. With this even semi-literate farmers can interact with the system and can understand the information in order to take suitable actions.

A Fully Integrated SAR ADC Using Digital Correction Technique for Triple-Mode Mobile Transceiver

Abstract: This paper presents a fully integrated SAR ADC for GSM/WCDMA/LTE triple-mode transceiver (RFIC) with non-binary DAC structure and digital correction techniques. All blocks including input buffer, ADC core, bias, references and ADC logics are implemented in a single chip with a small die area of 0.044 mm $^{2}$ /0.066 mm $^{2}$ for ADC core and ADC logic. The proposed ADC does not require off-chip decoupling capacitor for reference voltage by employing charge-sharing topology. Reconfigurable structure is used for multi-mode operation by adjusting ADC speed and noise, where SNDR of 67.0 dB in GSM and 58.2 dB in WCDMA/LTE are achieved at the sampling frequencies of 52 MS/s and 80 MS/s, respectively.

Heart rate monitoring system using IR base sensor & Arduino Uno

Abstract: Presence of doctor is essential for proper patient care. But he cannot be present on each and every place to provide medication or treatment. So remote monitoring of a patient is the right solution. But the problem is availability of internet connection in a rural area. So this inspired us to use GSM module for this project since the telecom network is widely spread within rural & urban area of the India. This system is used to monitor physical parameter like heart beat and send the measured data directly to a doctor through SMS. System consists of an IR base heart beat sensor, Arduino Uno & GSM module. This device will be able to measure heart beat from an infant to elder person. The low cost of the device will help to provide appropriate home base effective monitoring system.

Real Time Water Quality Measurement System based on GSM

Abstract: The conventional technique of measuring the quality of water is to gather the samples manually and send it laboratory for analysis, but this technique is time overwhelming and not economical. Since it's not feasible to take the water sample to the laboratory after every hour for measuring it's quality. The water quality measuring system can measure the essential qualities of water in real time. The system consists of multiple sensors to measure the standard of water, microcontroller and GSM to send the information to the watching centre. It's a true time system which is able to endlessly measure the standard of water and can send the measured values to the watching centre when each predefined time. The system relies on microcontroller 8051 and GSM.

Reengineering GSM/GPRS Towards a Dedicated Network for Massive Smart Metering

Abstract: GSM is a synonym for a major success in wireless technology, achieving widespread use and high technology ma- turity. However, its future is questionable, as many stakeholders indicate that the GSM spectrum should be refarmed for LTE. On the other hand, the advent of smart grid and the ubiquity of smart meters will require reliable, long-lived wide area connections. This motivates to investigate the potential of GSM to be evolved into a dedicated network for smart metering. We introduce simple mechanisms to reengineer the access control in GSM. The result is a system that offers excellent support for smart metering, as well as the other massive machine-to-machine traffic patterns that are envisioned in 3GPP.

Remote GSM module monitoring and Photovoltaic system control

Abstract: In this paper, we are interested in Photovoltaic systems (PV) which generate electricity from solar radiation. More precisely, our contribution consists in the implementation of a remote monitoring and control PV system for standalone applications located in an open environment. The novelty of our approach relies on the fact that it is operational even in the case of a huge spread deployment of PV system. Our solution aims to be a good replacement of manually module checking which is not recommended because of time-consuming, less accuracy and potentially dangerous to the operator. The proposed solution consists in two essential parts. First, we suggest robust and reliable measurements and control system based on a star architecture of a group of sensor network. The supervisory control system is assumed by a microcontroller chip and a human-machine interface (HMI). A software is designed and developed for interacting and managing remote sensor systems by applying LabVIEW, a virtual instrument platform. Then, we introduce, as a communication technology, a full duplex digital system using the infrastructure of mobile radio system. The result of our demonstration shows that the system can monitor and control the remote communication between the monitoring center and the remote PV station. Thus, the remote monitoring functions are realized in real-time.

Third-Generation Partnership Project Standards: For Delivery of Critical Communications for Railways

Abstract: The Global System for Mobile Communications-Railways (GSM-R) is a radio telecommunication network and the bearer technology for the European Train Control System (ETCS). Both GSM-R and ETCS constitute the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS). GSM was adopted by the International Union of Railways (UIC) because it was the only system in commercial operation with a great potential to fulfill the requirements for the transport of railway services, although some features had to be added to the standard. However, as time has passed, GSM-R has proven to have capacity limitations, higher costs, and long development cycle times due to the special features built into standard GSM that have reduced the market for GSM-R equipment. These facts, together with the end of industry support by 2025, are motivating the switch to long-term evolution (LTE)/system architecture evolution technology as the new bearer network for railways. LTE provides higher data capacity than GSM and presents a flat architecture, which reduces deployment and maintenance costs as long as standard elements are used. This article provides an overview of third-generation partnership project (3GPP) systems, services, and their standardization status, which should be implemented to support the transport of railway services over a standard LTE network. Additionally, the quality of service (QoS) requirements for the transport of ETCS data control are compared with the QoS provided by LTE.