Showing papers on "GSM published in 2016"
TL;DR: This article introduces a new type of wireless connectivity, characterized by low-rate, long-range transmission technologies in the unlicensed sub-gigahertz frequency bands, used to realize access networks with star topology referred to as low-power WANs (LPWANs).
Abstract: Connectivity is probably the most basic building block of the IoT paradigm. Up to now, the two main approaches to provide data access to things have been based on either multihop mesh networks using short-range communication technologies in the unlicensed spectrum, or long-range legacy cellular technologies, mainly 2G/GSM/GPRS, operating in the corresponding licensed frequency bands. Recently, these reference models have been challenged by a new type of wireless connectivity, characterized by low-rate, long-range transmission technologies in the unlicensed sub-gigahertz frequency bands, used to realize access networks with star topology referred to as low-power WANs (LPWANs). In this article, we introduce this new approach to provide connectivity in the IoT scenario, discussing its advantages over the established paradigms in terms of efficiency, effectiveness, and architectural design, particularly for typical smart city applications.
842 citations
TL;DR: To handle increasing traffic, ensure passenger safety, and provide real-time multimedia information, a new communication system for HSR is required to replace the current GSM-railway (GSM-R) technology with the next-generation railway-dedicated communication system providing improved capacity and capability.
Abstract: High-speed railways (HSRs) improve the quality of rail services, yield greater customer satisfaction, and help to create socioeconomically balanced societies [1]. This highly efficient transport mode creates significant challenges in terms of investment, technology, industry, and environment. To handle increasing traffic, ensure passenger safety, and provide real-time multimedia information, a new communication system for HSR is required. In the last decade, public networks have been evolving from voice-centric second-generation systems, e.g., Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) with limited capabilities, to fourth-generation (4G) broad-band systems that offer higher data rates, e.g., long-term evolution (LTE). It is thus relevant for HSR to replace the current GSM-railway (GSM-R) technology with the next-generation railway-dedicated communication system providing improved capacity and capability.
253 citations
03 Apr 2016
TL;DR: The targets for NB-IoT are described, coverage, capacity, latency, and battery life analysis are presented, and a preliminary system design is presented.
Abstract: In 3GPP, a narrowband system based on Long Term Evolution (LTE) is being introduced to support the Internet of Things. This system, named Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), can be deployed in three different operation modes - (1) stand-alone as a dedicated carrier, (2) in-band within the occupied bandwidth of a wideband LTE carrier, and (3) within the guard-band of an existing LTE carrier. In stand-alone operation mode, NB-IoT can occupy one GSM channel (200 kHz) while for in-band and guard-band operation modes, it will use one physical resource block of LTE (180 kHz). The design targets of NB-IoT include low-cost devices, high coverage (20-dB improvement over GPRS), long device battery life (more than 10 years), and massive capacity. Latency is relaxed although a delay budget of 10 seconds is the target for exception reports. The specifications for NB-IoT are expected to be finalized in 2016. In this paper, we describe the targets for NB-IoT and present a preliminary system design. In addition, coverage, capacity, latency, and battery life analysis are also presented.
246 citations
TL;DR: The decision to standardize the narrowband (NB) Internet of Things (IoT), a new NB radio technology to address the requirements of the IoT, was achieved in the Third-Generation Partnership Project's (3GPP's) Radio Access Network Plenary Meeting 69.
Abstract: A major milestone was achieved in the Third-Generation Partnership Project's (3GPP's) Radio Access Network Plenary Meeting 69 with the decision to standardize the narrowband (NB) Internet of Things (IoT), a new NB radio technology to address the requirements of the IoT. The new technology will provide improved indoor coverage, support of a massive number of low-throughput devices, low delay sensitivity, ultralow device cost, low device power consumption, and optimized network architecture. The technology can be deployed in-band, utilizing resource blocks within a normal long-term evolution (LTE) carrier, or in the unused resource blocks within an LTE carrier's guard-band, or stand alone for deployments in dedicated spectrum. The NB-IoT is also particularly suitable for the refarming of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) channels.
128 citations
TL;DR: Both simplicity and good performance are exhibited by LOS SM/GSM thus making them very attractive techniques for short-range indoor mmWave communications at 60GHz.
Abstract: In this paper, we propose to use spatial modulation (SM) and the generalized spatial modulation (GSM) MIMO schemes in indoor line-of-sight (LOS) millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication at 60GHz. SM/GSM are known but only at low-GHz frequencies where the channels are typically rich scattered and characterized by Rayleigh or Rician distribution. However, 60-GHz indoor channels are typically not rich but rather sparsely scattered and dominated by the LOS component, thus making them different from low-GHz fading channels and our work novel. We first seek to optimize SM in LOS by finding the channel conditions that minimize its symbol error probability (SEP). Then, we extend our studies to LOS GSM and derive its channel capacity and SEP. Furthermore, we present numerical studies on the behavior and performance of SM/GSM in LOS. LOS spatial multiplexing and beamforming MIMO schemes are used as benchmarks for comparison. At last, we propose novel TX and RX hardware architectures, both of which use only a single RF chain, for implementation of SM/GSM at mmWave frequencies. Both simplicity and good performance are exhibited by LOS SM/GSM thus making them very attractive techniques for short-range indoor mmWave communications at 60GHz.
102 citations
15 Mar 2016
TL;DR: The paper demonstrates the feasibility of realizing a complete end-to-end smart health system responding to the real health system design requirements by taking in consideration wider vital human health parameters such as respiration rate, nerves signs ... etc.
Abstract: Health monitoring systems have rapidly evolved recently, and smart systems have been proposed to monitor patient current health conditions, in our proposed and implemented system, we focus on monitoring the patient's blood pressure, and his body temperature. Based on last decade statistics of medical records, death rates due to hypertensive heart disease, shows that the blood pressure is a crucial risk factor for atherosclerosis and ischemic heart diseases; thus, preventive measures should be taken against high blood pressure which provide the ability to track, trace and save patient's life at appropriate time is an essential need for mankind. Nowadays, Globalization demands Smart cities, which involves many attributes and services, such as government services, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), energy, health care, water and waste. This paper proposes a system architecture for smart healthcare based on GSM and GPS technologies. The objective of this work is providing an effective application for Real Time Health Monitoring and Tracking. The system will track, trace, monitor patients and facilitate taking care of their health; so efficient medical services could be provided at appropriate time. By Using specific sensors, the data will be captured and compared with a configurable threshold via microcontroller which is defined by a specialized doctor who follows the patient; in any case of emergency a short message service (SMS) will be sent to the Doctor's mobile number along with the measured values through GSM module. furthermore, the GPS provides the position information of the monitored person who is under surveillance all the time. Moreover, the paper demonstrates the feasibility of realizing a complete end-to-end smart health system responding to the real health system design requirements by taking in consideration wider vital human health parameters such as respiration rate, nerves signs … etc. The system will be able to bridge the gap between patients — in dramatic health change occasions- and health entities who response and take actions in real time fashion.
84 citations
TL;DR: The proposed system was designed, implemented, and field tested and it was found that a vehicle could be accurately located and tracked and the antenna size of both the RFID reader unit and RFID transponder plays a critical role in the maximum communication range that can be achieved.
Abstract: Modern infrastructure, such as dense urban areas and underground tunnels, can effectively block all GPS signals, which implies that effective position triangulation will not be achieved. The main problem that is addressed in this project is the design and implementation of an accurate vehicle location system using radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology in combination with GPS and the Global system for Mobile communication (GSM) technology, in order to provide a solution to the limitation discussed above. In essence, autonomous vehicle tracking will be facilitated with the use of RFID technology where GPS signals are non-existent. The design of the system and the results are reflected in this paper. An extensive literature study was done on the field known as the Internet of Things, as well as various topics that covered the integration of independent technology in order to address a specific challenge. The proposed system is then designed and implemented. An RFID transponder was successfully designed and a read range of approximately 31 cm was obtained in the low frequency communication range (125 kHz to 134 kHz). The proposed system was designed, implemented, and field tested and it was found that a vehicle could be accurately located and tracked. It is also found that the antenna size of both the RFID reader unit and RFID transponder plays a critical role in the maximum communication range that can be achieved.
71 citations
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The the gsm system for mobile communications is universally compatible with any devices to read, and is available in the book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly.
Abstract: Thank you very much for reading the gsm system for mobile communications. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite novels like this the gsm system for mobile communications, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious virus inside their desktop computer. the gsm system for mobile communications is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers saves in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the the gsm system for mobile communications is universally compatible with any devices to read.
71 citations
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the GSM literature is conducted and classify the literature along three axes: extensions of the original GSM through the relaxation of certain modeling assumptions, solution methods developed for different supply chain structures, and industrial applications and the results obtained on real-world problems.
68 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: This manuscript, which summarizes and expands the results presented by the author at ShmooCon 2016, investigates the insecurity rationale behind LTE protocol exploits and LTE rogue base stations based on the analysis of real LTE radio link captures from the production network.
Abstract: The Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the latest mobile standard being implemented globally to provide connectivity and access to advanced services for personal mobile devices. Moreover, LTE networks are considered to be one of the main pillars for the deployment of Machine to Machine (M2M) communication systems and the spread of the Internet of Things (IoT). As an enabler for advanced communications services with a subscription count in the billions, security is of capital importance in LTE. Although legacy GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) networks are known for being insecure and vulnerable to rogue base stations, LTE is assumed to guarantee confidentiality and strong authentication. However, LTE networks are vulnerable to security threats that tamper availability, privacy and authentication. This manuscript, which summarizes and expands the results presented by the author at ShmooCon 2016 \cite{jover2016lte}, investigates the insecurity rationale behind LTE protocol exploits and LTE rogue base stations based on the analysis of real LTE radio link captures from the production network. Implementation results are discussed from the actual deployment of LTE rogue base stations, IMSI catchers and exploits that can potentially block a mobile device. A previously unknown technique to potentially track the location of mobile devices as they move from cell to cell is also discussed, with mitigations being proposed.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, lower and upper bounds on the capacity of a (N, M, R)-GSM MIMO system were derived, where M is the number of receive antennas.
Abstract: Generalized spatial modulation (GSM) uses N antenna elements but fewer radio frequency (RF) chains (R) at the transmitter. In GSM, apart from conveying information bits through R modulation symbols, information bits are also conveyed through the indices of the R active transmit antennas. In this letter, we derive lower and upper bounds on the the capacity of a (N, M, R)-GSM MIMO system, where M is the number of receive antennas. Further, we propose a computationally efficient GSM encoding method and a message passing-based low-complexity detection algorithm suited for large-scale GSM-MIMO systems.
TL;DR: The E-Caption illustrates the innovative concept of textile antennas that can be manipulated as simple emblems that are fully integrated into smart clothing and shows that the orientation of the conductive fabric does not influence the performance of the antenna.
Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) scenario is strongly related with the advance of the development of wireless sensor networks (WSN) and radio frequency identification (RFID) systems. Additionally, in the WSN context, for a continuous feed, the integration of textile antennas for energy harvesting into smart clothing is a particularly interesting solution when the replacement of batteries is not easy to practice, such as in wearable devices. This paper presents the E-Caption: Smart and Sustainable Coat. It has an embedded dual-band textile antenna for electromagnetic energy harvesting, operating at global system for mobile communication (GSM) 900 and digital cellular system (DCS) 1800 bands. This printed antenna is fully integrated, as its dielectric is the textile material composing the coat itself. The E-Caption illustrates the innovative concept of textile antennas that can be manipulated as simple emblems. Seven prototypes of these “emblem” antennas, manufactured by lamination and embroidering techniques are also presented. It is shown that the orientation of the conductive fabric does not influence the performance of the antenna. It is also shown that the direction and number of the stitches in the embroidery may influence the performance of the antenna. Moreover, the comparison of results obtained before and after the integration of the antenna into cloth shows the integration does not affect the behavior of the antenna.
TL;DR: This paper applied a machine learning algorithm to classify the neighboring GSM communication cellular base station’s signal strength in different environments, and identified the users’ current context by signal pattern recognition and showed that the proposed algorithm was capable of identifying open outdoors, semi-outdoors, light indoors and deep indoors environments with 100% accuracy.
Abstract: In the era of mobile internet, Location Based Services (LBS) have developed dramatically. Seamless Indoor and Outdoor Navigation and Localization (SNAL) has attracted a lot of attention. No single positioning technology was capable of meeting the various positioning requirements in different environments. Selecting different positioning techniques for different environments is an alternative method. Detecting the users’ current environment is crucial for this technique. In this paper, we proposed to detect the indoor/outdoor environment automatically without high energy consumption. The basic idea was simple: we applied a machine learning algorithm to classify the neighboring Global System for Mobile (GSM) communication cellular base station’s signal strength in different environments, and identified the users’ current context by signal pattern recognition. We tested the algorithm in four different environments. The results showed that the proposed algorithm was capable of identifying open outdoors, semi-outdoors, light indoors and deep indoors environments with 100% accuracy using the signal strength of four nearby GSM stations. The required hardware and signal are widely available in our daily lives, implying its high compatibility and availability.
01 Dec 2016
TL;DR: Real time Google map and Arduino based vehicle tracking system is implemented with Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global system for mobile communication (GSM) technology and the proposed system is user friendly and ensures safety and surveillance at low maintenance cost.
Abstract: A vehicle tracking system is very useful for tracking the movement of a vehicle from any location at any time. In this work, real time Google map and Arduino based vehicle tracking system is implemented with Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global system for mobile communication (GSM) technology. GPS module provides geographic coordinates at regular time intervals. Then the GSM module transmits the location of vehicle to cell phone of owner/user in terms of latitude and longitude. At the same time, location is displayed on LCD. Finally, Google map displays the location and name of the place on cell phone. Thus, owner/user will be able to continuously monitor a moving vehicle using the cell phone. In order to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the system, this work presents experimental result of the vehicle tracking system. The proposed system is user friendly and ensures safety and surveillance at low maintenance cost.
TL;DR: The aim was to compare RSS performance under dry and wet weather conditions and study the dynamics of distance estimation from theoretical and empirical perspectives and the Cramer-Rao lower bound was used as a benchmark for comparison.
Abstract: Distance estimation based on the received signal strength (RSS) of wireless radio has been extensively studied; however, the estimation accuracy is susceptible to radio propagation conditions, particularly during periods of precipitation. This study performed experiments on the 1.8-GHz band of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) networks at Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, sensing actual radio power signals using mobile phones and recording transmission conditions during various weather events. The aim was to compare RSS performance under dry and wet weather conditions and study the dynamics of distance estimation from theoretical and empirical perspectives. Traditional rain attenuation models have largely discounted the impact of precipitation on GSM signals due to the relatively low frequency band; however, on-site experimental results demonstrated that dynamic weather significantly degrades accuracy in distance estimation. This study employed a typical rain attenuation model and a radio propagation model to evaluate errors in distance estimation under various rain conditions, i.e., heavy rain, extremely heavy rain, torrential rain, and extremely torrential rain, in accordance with the standards set out by the Central Weather Bureau, Taiwan. This study also investigated the RSS attenuation under various wind speeds. The Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) was used as a benchmark for comparison.
TL;DR: In this paper, a wearable antenna for a global positioning system (GPS-GSM)-based anti-theft tracking system is presented, which is embedded in high-cost clothing and luggage accessories (such as leather bags).
Abstract: This study presents a wearable antenna for a global positioning system–global system for mobile communication (GPS–GSM)-based anti-theft tracking system to be embedded in high-cost clothing and luggage accessories (such as leather bags). To assess the feasibility of this solution, a prototype antenna was designed mimicking the shape of one of the Levi Strauss & Co.’s logos, and it was fabricated using a conductive non-woven fabric on a layer of leather. Furthermore, to cover both the GPS L1 and the GSM-1800 bands with a single radiating element, positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diodes were employed to reconfigure the operating frequency of the antenna. Experimental data demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed design strategy are presented and discussed.
10 May 2016
TL;DR: An experimental trial to examine the detectability of small UAV using a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) based passive coherent location (PCL) system is described.
Abstract: The widespread availability of consumer grade drones in the recent time has lead to new security and surveillance challenges. The detection and localization of these unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) mark an essential step to identify possible risks at an early stage before taking appropriate countermeasures. This paper describes the results of an experimental trial conducted to examine the detectability of small UAV using a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) based passive coherent location (PCL) system.
11 Mar 2016
TL;DR: The project presents a digital notice board and a home automation system using a GSM SIM900 module and an android application for user interface with the hardware to provide its users with a simple, fast and reliable way to put up important notices in an LCD.
Abstract: The project presents a digital notice board and a home automation system using a GSM SIM900 module. The idea behind this project is to provide its users with a simple, fast and reliable way to put up important notices in an LCD where the user can send a message to be displayed in the LCD. The message can be sent through an android application designed in this project, to the GSM SIM900 module which has a SIM card inside it. Similarly, a home automation system has been developed where home appliances like light, fan etc. can be switched on or off using the same android application designed in this project. So, using the android application, the home appliances can be controlled and notices can be put up in an LCD display from any location in the world. It uses a microcontroller for system control, GSM technology for communication and sends SMS containing the message through the android application. The project consists of a 32-bit ARM based microcontroller LPC2148, GSM SIM900 module, an LCD, a motor and an android application for user interface with the hardware. The device can be used anywhere irrespective of the place of deployment provided mobile network connectivity is available.
TL;DR: Results are presented which demonstrate that a technique of phase switching at rates much lower than the baseband data rate can be used successfully and are shown to be robust over a wide range of incidence angles.
Abstract: The concept of a secure electromagnetic building (SEB) which can successfully prohibit wireless communications is presented. Wireless security is achieved using a slow phase-switching technique and can be realized by time-varying the transmission properties of a frequency-selective surface (FSS) to increase the bit error rate (BER) of the unwanted signal. Results are presented which demonstrate that a technique of phase switching at rates much lower than the baseband data rate can be used successfully. The system has been implemented using a reconfigurable dual-polarized dual layer FSS incorporating varactor diodes where over 100° of phase change can be achieved for voltage changes of $\pm 0 - 3V$ . A vector signal analyzer was used to evaluate the BER performance of the system for a GSM signal operating at 2 GHz. BERs are shown to be as high as 36% which are sufficient to successfully prohibit wireless communication. The solution is also shown to be robust over a wide range of incidence angles, which is important for real-world applications where the location of the prohibited wireless source may be unknown or mobile. Furthermore, as the system is reconfigurable, the building can be switched between secure and nonsecure modes.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The design and development of a home security system, based on human face recognition technology and remotely monitoring technology, to confirm visitor identity and to control door accessibility has been reported in this paper.
Abstract: Smart home security control system has becameindispensable in daily life. The design and development of a home security system, based on human face recognition technology and remotely monitoring technology, to confirm visitor identity and to control door accessibility has been reported in this paper. This paper describes about the implementation and deployment of wireless control system and accessibility in to a home environment for authenticated people only. A wireless network technique Wifi based and image processing technique PCA based, dedicatedly make the security system alive as per the request. Wifi module and electromagnetic door lock module combinedly operate the door accessibility, has been designed and developed. Face detection and recognition algorithms, as well as a wireless interface are used to detect and identify visitors and send an email and/or an alert message about the current home environment status via GSM network automatically to the home owner’s mobile phone or any communication devices. The concerned authority can control the system through his/her mobile phone or any communication devices by sending AT Commands to GSM MODEM or by taking necessary actions for authentication through email, which is again password protected. Users can monitor visitors and control the door lock on active Web pages enhanced with JavaScript and HTML. This system finds a wide application in areas where physical presence is not possible all the time. The entire control system is built using ARM1176JZF-S microcontroller and tested for actual use in home environment.
TL;DR: The new model is inspired from multi-wall one and will be available for the most used system bands, such as GSM, UMTS and WiFi and is trained with measured data using a back-propagation learning algorithm.
Abstract: Indoor radio propagation prediction modeling has been for a long time an important area of interest in research and development. In the literature, many propagation models are classified into empirical and deterministic models. The accuracy of both categories of models can be improved based on model calibration or tuning that uses real measurements collected in a given environment and frequency. Based on the availability of a huge measurement database, we aimed in this paper to develop a new propagation model using artificial neural networks. The new model is inspired from multi-wall one and will be available for the most used system bands, such as GSM, UMTS and WiFi. The model will be a multilayer perceptron and is trained with measured data using a back-propagation learning algorithm. Evaluated model performances show a high improvement in terms of accuracy compared to a calibrated multi-wall model.
Patent•
09 Nov 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed a remote analog quantity acquisition and alarm system which is composed of a sensor, measurement instruments, a master controller and a mobile phone short message transmitting and receiving device.
Abstract: The invention relates to a remote analog quantity acquisition and alarm system which is composed of a sensor, measurement instruments, a master controller and a mobile phone short message transmitting and receiving device. Synchronous sampling and saving are performed by the ADC of the measurement instruments, and all the measurement instruments transmit the acquired data to the master controller to be processed through power line communication. The master controller alarms to the administrator through a GSM network when the measured data exceed the limit.
17 May 2016
TL;DR: The key contribution of this paper is the detailed explanation of novel attack vectors to obtain the user location information using IWF and hence, the proof that even new LTE network can be vulnerable to legacy attacks.
Abstract: User location tracking attacks using cellular networks have been known since 2008. In 2014, several Signalling System No 7 (SS7) protocol based location tracking attacks were demonstrated, which particularly targeted the cellular roaming in GSM networks. Currently, the mobile network operators are in a gradual process of upgrading to Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks, in addition to replacing SS7 by its successor — Diameter protocol. Though Diameter seems to be an improvement over SS7 in terms of security with the use of IPsec/TLS and certificate based authentication, they still need to communicate with their roaming partners who use less secure SS7. In this paper, we will briefly present the translation of existing SS7 attacks into Diameter-based attacks in LTE networks (under certain assumptions) using Interworking Functions(IWF) — which allows communication between networks that use different protocols. The key contribution of this paper is the the detailed explanation of novel attack vectors to obtain the user location information using IWF and hence, the proof that even new LTE network can be vulnerable to legacy attacks. Furthermore, we will outline some of the potential protection approaches for the attacks that we discuss.
TL;DR: A multiband planar antenna for mobile handsets has a low profile and is printed on a thin substrate, suitable for ultra-slim smartphone applications.
Abstract: A multiband planar antenna is proposed for mobile handsets. The multiband antenna covers four frequency bands: 696-970 MHz for Long Term Evolution (LTE) 700, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) 850/900; 1683-2700 MHz for GSM 1800/1900, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) 2100, LTE 2300/2600, WLAN 2.4 GHz, WiMAX 2.5 GHz; 3070-3755 MHz for WiMAX 3.5 GHz; and 4590-7604 MHz for WLAN/WiMAX 5.2/5.8 GHz and WiMAX 5.5 GHz. The planar antenna consists of a U-shaped monopole coupling with an S-shaped strip, a clip-shaped monopole with a meander line coupling with an inverted-C strip, an X-shaped monopole, and an F-shaped monopole. The multiband antenna has a low profile and is printed on a thin substrate, suitable for ultra-slim smartphone applications.
01 Aug 2016
TL;DR: In this article, the authors have established into use and operation of the integration of ultrasonic crack detection method and complete station for railway track geometry surveying system, which comprises of GPS module, GSM modem, IR sensor, PIR sensor to bring into operation the crack detection, communication purpose and identification of any living being crossing the railway track.
Abstract: In this paper, we have established into use and operation of the integration of ultrasonic crack detection method and complete station for eternal railway track geometry surveying system. This system comprises of GPS module, GSM modem, IR sensor, PIR sensor to bring into operation the crack detection, communication purpose and identification of any living being crossing the railway track. The GPS module and GSM modem contribute in identification and transmission of railway geometric parameter of crack detection to the nearby railway station. This paper also explains the summation of an ultrasonic-based non-destructive testing (NDT) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) to keep in a continuous record the material without interruption in nobility during run-time. The PIR sensor is executed to keep away manual patrolling and finding of living beings across the tracks. This can operate during the night as well as the daytime. The summation of both the technologies WSN and NDT will form various advanced and trending applications to make wireless material scanning more cost-effective in real-time.
TL;DR: This paper reviews the threats, vulnerabilities, attacks and their solutions over the period of 2010-2015 with a special focus on smartphones, and estimates the market growth of different operating systems for the smartphone in coming years.
Abstract: The technological advancements in mobile connectivity services such as GPRS, GSM, 3G, 4G, Blue-tooth, WiMAX, and Wi-Fi made mobile phones a necessary component of our daily lives. Also, mobile phones have become smart which let the users perform routine tasks on the go. However, this rapid increase in technology and tremendous usage of the smartphones make them vulnerable to malware and other security breaching attacks. This diverse range of mobile connectivity services, device software platforms, and standards make it critical to look at the holistic picture of the current developments in smartphone security research. In this paper, our contribution is twofold. Firstly, we review the threats, vulnerabilities, attacks and their solutions over the period of 2010-2015 with a special focus on smartphones. Attacks are categorized into two types, i.e., old attack and new attacks. With this categorization, we aim to provide an easy and concise view of different attacks and the possible solutions to improve smartphone security. Secondly, we critically analyze our findings and estimate the market growth of different operating systems for the smartphone in coming years. Furthermore, we estimate the malware growth and forecast the world in 2020.
13 Jul 2016
TL;DR: Test measurements of the proposed system have confirmed all expectation making the proposed solution suitable to be used in several commercial urban remote low power sensor networks applications as well as those for buildings monitoring.
Abstract: We present a high dynamic range and high efficiency energy harvesting system. The designed circuit is a dual band architecture able to capture the largest amount of EM radiation in the urban environment being tuned both at GSM and WiFi operating frequencies. The system handles, with a high conversion efficiency, an incoming power typically ranging from −20dBm to 20dBm and rectifies it into a DC voltage source. Test measurements of the proposed system have confirmed all expectation making the proposed solution suitable to be used in several commercial urban remote low power sensor networks applications as those for buildings monitoring.
01 Sep 2016
TL;DR: The prototype SSH, developed at a low cost, can be used for converting existing homes into smart homes at relatively affordable cost and with convenience and the performance testing results of the prototype SSH are encouraging.
Abstract: Enhancing the home security by remote control means is a cutting-edge research area in the domain of Internet of Things (IoT's). The necessity of security is increasing these days, ranging from thefts, burglary, accidents, LPG gas leakage and fire detection etc, which all are important aspects of a Home Security System. In this paper, a prototype Multi-Functional Secured Smart Home (SSH) model is developed. Generally a home security system uses signals in terms of alarm of intruder detection. However, the proposed Multi-Functional Secured Smart Home uses a mobile communication (GSM) based Home Security System, which helps to provide a better security to have systems that can be globally connected. In the proposed system a text message is sent, whenever an event from any sensor is detected, so that immediate actions could be taken by the home owner. The proposed SSH sends SMS using GSM-Module and mail through Raspberry Pi micro-controller. The prototype SSH based smart system also uses an Arduino micro-controller board for commands processing and control. The system uses GSM technology, which provides global access to the Smart Home Security System. The prototype SSH, developed at a low cost, can be used for converting existing homes into smart homes at relatively affordable cost and with convenience. The performance testing results of the prototype SSH are encouraging.
TL;DR: The present study analyses the electric field radiating from the GSM/UMTS base stations located in central Malatya, a densely populated urban area in Turkey and develops an estimation model based on values, including mobile communication traffic values obtained from mobile phone base stations and the temperature and humidity values in the environment.
Abstract: The present study analyses the electric field radiating from the GSM/UMTS base stations located in central Malatya, a densely populated urban area in Turkey. The authors have conducted both instant and continuous measurements of high-frequency electromagnetic fields throughout their research by using non-ionising radiation-monitoring networks. Over 15,000 instant and 13,000,000 continuous measurements were taken throughout the process. The authors have found that the normal electric field radiation can increase ∼25% during daytime, depending on mobile communication traffic. The authors' research work has also demonstrated the fact that the electric field intensity values can be modelled for each hour, day or week with the results obtained from continuous measurements. The authors have developed an estimation model based on these values, including mobile communication traffic (Erlang) values obtained from mobile phone base stations and the temperature and humidity values in the environment. The authors believe that their proposed artificial neural network model and multivariable least-squares regression analysis will help predict the electric field intensity in an environment in advance.