Showing papers on "GSM published in 2022"

Intelligent Drowsiness and Illness Detection Assist System for Drivers

Abstract: Road accidents lead to fear in anyone who travels in their daily life. Violations of traffic restrictions, negligence, and other reasons can cause road accidents, but most studies show that the majority of accidents are caused by drivers’ sudden health concerns or tiredness. Despite their unpredictability, these events have a huge impact on human lives. These problems are solved by the proposed method. To assess whether a driver is awake or asleep, as well as whether the driver has any health issues, the system employs an eye blink sensor and a photoplethysmography sensor accordingly. The sensors’ output is connected to the driver’s phone via GSM module and any other human monitor via NodeMCU (cloud server) in that order. As a result, if the driver falls asleep, he or she will be awoken. And if a medical emergency arises, he or she will be able to receive immediate assistance because they are being monitored by another person via NodeMCU, which connects to the cloud server.

IoT based Multiple Vital Health Parameter Detection and Analyzer System

Abstract: The health care checking system is one of the most crucial systems that became high-tech over history. In the contemporary world, it is very challenging to carry patients to hospitals for a regular checkup. People are facing an issue of sudden demise because of different types of diseases or viruses and also due to the absence of required treatment to the suffered victims on time. It is very difficult for the patients to stand in a queue for taking treatment. S o, this research intends to develop a novel framework to detect the patient’s health parameters like temperature, oxygen levels in the blood, and pulse rate. We are developing this framework based on the IOT and things peak database. This proposed system provides a piece of information about the mental and emotional conditions of a victim. We are using Arduino and programmed with software (Arduino IDE). In this proposed work we are detecting the patient health parameters with their respective sensors. If any abnormal parameters are detected automatically LED will turn on indicating caution and also a SMS is sent to the victim’s relatives or doctor by the GSM module. And also, the observed parameters are graphically seen in the things peak database. All the collected information regarding health is stored in the database. Thus, the proposed work based on the Internet of Things effectively monitors the patient health parameter status every second to second and saves the life of a patient by taking suitable steps when their health parameters are in an abnormal condition.

Efficient Memory-Bounded Optimal Detection for GSM-MIMO Systems

Abstract: We investigate the optimal signal detection problem in large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with the generalized spatial modulation (GSM) scheme, which can be formulated as a closest lattice point search (CLPS). To identify invalid signals, an efficient pruning strategy is needed while searching on the GSM decision tree. However, the existing algorithms have exponential complexity, whereas they are infeasible in large-scale GSM-MIMO systems. In order to tackle this problem, we propose a memory-efficient pruning strategy by leveraging the combinatorial nature of the GSM signal structure. Thus, the required memory size is squared to the number of transmit antennas. We further propose an efficient memory-bounded maximum likelihood (ML) search (EM-MLS) algorithm by jointly employing the proposed pruning strategy and the memory-bounded best-first algorithm. Theoretical and simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can achieve the optimal bit error rate (BER) performance, while its memory size can be bounded. Moreover, the expected time complexity decreases exponentially with increasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as well as the system’s excess degree of freedom, and it often converges to squared time under practical scenarios.

A Novel Portable Real-Time Low-Cost Sleep Apnea Monitoring System based on the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Network

Abstract: Continuous monitoring of breathing activity plays a vital role in the detection of respiratory-based diseases (SA, COPD, etc.). Sleep Apnea (SA) is characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep associated with arterial blood desaturation, sympathetic nervous system activation, and cardiovascular impairment. Untreated patients with SA have increased mortality rates compared to the general population. This study aims to design a remote monitoring system for sleep apnea to ensure patient safety and ease the workload of doctors in the Covid-19 era.This study aims to design a remote monitoring system for sleep apnea to ensure patient safety and ease the workload of doctors. Our study focuses on a novel portable real-time low-cost sleep apnea monitoring system utilizing the GSM network (GSM Shield Sim900a). Proposed system is a remote monitoring and patient tracking system to detect the apnea event in real time, and to provide information of the sleep position, pulse, and respiratory and oxygen saturation to the medical specialists (SpO2) by establishing a direct contact. As soon as an abnormal condition is detected in the light of these parameters, the condition is reported (instant or in the form of short reports after sleep) to the patient relatives, the doctor's mobile telephone or to the emergency medical centers (EMCs) through a GSM network to handle the case depending on the patient's emergency condition.A study group was formed of six patients for monitoring apnea events (three males and three females) between the ages of 20 and 60. The patients in the study group have sleep apnea (SA) in different grades. All the apnea events were detected, and all the patients were successfully alerted. Also, the patient parameters were successfully sent to all patient relatives. Patients who could not get out of apnea were called through the CALL feature, and they were informed about their ongoing apnea event and told that intervention was necessary. The proposed system is tested on six patients. The beginning moment of apnea was successfully detected and the SMS/CALL feature was successfully activated without delay. During the testing, it has been observed that while some of the patients start breathing after the first SMS, some others needed the second or the third SMS. According to the measurement result, the maximum breathless time is 46 s among the patients, and a SMS is sent every 15 s. In addition, in cases where the patient was breathless for a long time, the CALL feature was actively sought from the relatives of the patient and enabled him to intervene. The proposed monitoring system could be used in both clinical and home settings.The monitoring of a patient in real time allows to intervene in any unexpected circumstances about the patient. The proposed work uses an acceleration sensor as a reliable method of the sleep apnea for monitoring and prevention. The developed device is more economical, comfortable, and convenient than existing systems not only for the patients but also for the doctors. The patients can easily use this device in their home environment, so which could yield a more comfortable, easy to use, cost-effective, and long-term breathing monitoring system for healthcare applications.

Prominent Rule Control-based Internet of Things: Poultry Farm Management System

Abstract: In this article, the various poultry farm parameters such as antitheft, fire protection, temperature, humidity, oxygen, carbon-di-oxide, ammonia gases, and light of the poultry have been monitored by the Prominent Rule Control (PRC) algorithm in Internet-of-Things devices. Food and water supply, fire and theft safety, air purity, and air conditioning in the poultry farm have all been conducted using sensor signals. In this system, power consumption, labour costs, time, and effective utilization of power and resources have been monitored to enhance the poultry production rate. The PRC algorithm has been working to simplify the process and save time for overall poultry monitoring and activating systems with low cost. It is also employed to condition the sensors' data, convert it, compare it with threshold values, write the Arduino program, and securely store it in the cloud system for the poultry system. This research is also focused on improving the poultry monitoring system and minimizing the fixed and operating costs of the IoT system. The microcontroller, GSM module/WIFI, temperature and humidity sensors, proximity sensors, fire sensors, different gas sensors, RFID, and light sensors have been working to monitor the poultry form. The egg collectors, fogger systems to decrease the temperature, water and food supply systems have been established and integrated with microcontrollers to perform the automation in the poultry farm.

IoT-GSM Based Controlling and Monitoring System to Prevent Water Wastage, Water Leakage, and Pollution in the Water Supply

Abstract: In our society, we see water tanks as reservoirs, which are typically placed on the rooftops of the buildings. Inconventional water storage tanks, an automatic water tank controlling and monitoring system is absent. Therefore, water wastage due to water tank overflow is a widespread scenario that occurs in our neighborhood now and then. If we consider the total amount of freshwater wastage due to the water tank overflow, it would be very significant. Water overflow leads to the wastage of water. Moreover, during this water overflow time, the motor consumes electricity which is not useful. An automatic motor controlling system can save the wastage of water and also can reduce the users’ utilitybms. Our proposed system presents an IoT-GSM-based device that can help people to control and monitor the water tank from the mobile app. Hygienic water is vital for human beings to avoid water-related diseases. To detect water contamination, the people of the residential areas must observe the quality of the water on the supply line regularly. In this paper, a system has been proposed which can automate the tasks. The proposed water quality checking system can notify the user through the mobile app. Moreover, the proposed system lets the user switch off the water supply remotely. It can also help people to reduce water wastage through the detection of leakage on the supply line. The proposed system can be easily used in residential areas to control and monitor the water tanks both automatically and manually.

An Efficient and Secure Vehicular Networks Based on IoT and Cloud Computing

Abstract: Abstract Undeniably, the increasing number of vehicles on the roads has automatically led to the unbelievable number of accidents occurring every day and the need for a safe communication system among the vehicles has become quite urgent. Using such systems, vehicles can communicate via wireless communication technologies and protocols like ZigBee, WiMax, Bluetooth, GSM, and RF. This paper introduces a communication system that works on preventing accidents by making all the surrounding vehicles communicate using RF, IoT, and LCD technologies to show all the warnings and the indications sent from other vehicles and a VLC that is connected to every vehicle to detect and send all needed information of occurring accidents on the road to all connected vehicles and to identify the hit or damaged ones. Moreover, the framework proposed in this paper attempts to perform mutual authentication procedures between vehicles and road-side units based on radio frequency identification devices and cloud computing. According to this framework, a low-cost device has been implemented using an LED lamp and an electrical circuit to control the LED luminous flux, and the modulated carrier signal has also been modified to effectively suppress the low-frequency noise. It should be noted that the experiments have shown that vehicular networks must be resilient and self-adapted to failures and potential threats to support coordinated transportation systems. Finally, the security analysis has also shown that the proposed framework is efficient, easily deployed and capable of finding the best routing paths between communicating vehicles.

Industrial automation using IoT

Abstract: Monitoring in Industries is done by sensor with most accuracy and reliability. Internet of things (IOT) is rapidly increasing technology. IOT is the network of physical objects or things embedded with electronic software, sensors, and network connectivity which enables these objects to collect and exchange data. It uses a technology that makes use of control system such as computer to control the physical device over the internet. Here we propose efficient industry automation system that allows user to efficiently control industry appliances/machines over the internet. We use 3 loads as industrial appliances or machines and a motor to demonstrate as an industrial motor. We are developing a system which will automatically monitor the industrial applications and generate Alerts/Alarm or take intelligent decisions using concept of IOT. Safety from leaking of raw gas and fire are the most important requirements of home and industries security system for people. Automation is the current need of industries. There are number of technologies that are growing to achieve the good automation in the plant. Industries have been automated with machines that allow for fully automated tasks without or little manual intervention. Well here we propose an internet based industry automation system that allows a single industry operator to control industry appliances with ease using ARM7 processor and IOT. Our proposed system allows for automation of industrial loads to achieve automation over internet. We use IOT for the web serve interface and ARM7 processor to process and run circuit loads. User is allowed to send commands for machines/ load switching over internet using IOT from anywhere in the world over internet. The ARM7 processor captures these commands by internet over wifi connector. Now the ARM7 processes received data to extract user commands. After getting commands it displays it on LCD display.

TEMPSENSE: LoRa Enabled Integrated Sensing and Localization Solution for Water Quality Monitoring

Abstract: With the continuous increase in water pollution, water quality monitoring has become quite essential. Though existing solutions facilitate various features [e.g., the potential of hydrogen (pH), dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, and electrical conductivity (EC)], they possess numerous limitations: 1) most of the existing systems rely on regional wireless systems, e.g., global system for mobile communication (GSM) and a global positioning system (GPS); hence, their performance varies with local connectivity and 2) usually, the setup is deployed at remote locations, including river site, so the solutions need to be power-optimized and should be able to support self-localization ability, which lacks the existing solutions. In this context, we have developed a cost-effective functionality integration that brings different sensors, processing units, and Long Range (LoRa) transmission to a single platform, providing a compact, power-efficient, and low-cost Total dissolved solids (TDS), Ec, teMperature, pH monitoring SystEm with integrated localizatioN Solution (TEMPSENSE). The proposed TEMPSENSE hardware is equipped with interactive sensing and localization algorithms that address the abovementioned concerns and facilitate the real-time location along with the required water quality parameters. Also, the proposed system has been thoroughly investigated by designing the hardware at the institution’s laboratory. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed hardware is several times cheaper than the available industrial solutions. Moreover, a number of experiments on different types of solutions have been performed for validation of the proposed design. Furthermore, extensive experiments have been performed for localization in low- and high-density scenarios and are found that the proposed algorithm is potentially able to estimate the real-time location of the TEMPSENSE.

Development of Low Cost Smart Cane with GPS

Abstract: This paper introduces a smart stick system for assisting blind people. The smart stick is a solution which helps visually impaired people to detect obstacles, waters and dangers in front of them during walking time. It identifies almost everything around them. The system is modified to perform like an artificial vision and alarm unit the system consists of two sensors: water sensor, ultrasonic sensor and microcontroller (Arduino Uno R3) to receive the sensor signals. It processes them to the short pulses to the Arduino pins where buzzers are connected. GPS and GSM are used so that if the user thinks he/she is lost then they can press a button which will send the exact location of the stick to a particular number, which will be known as EC (Emergency Contact) button. Also, there is RF Module which will help to find the stick if it is lost in a certain range. GPS navigation system in the Mobile can be used to guide the blind people to find any places. The blind people can also use an earphone to listen to the navigation directions which are coming from the mobile phone and buzzer alarm in the stick to warn by sound. In this project, a smart stick is provided which is affordable and suitable for most of the blind people, and also it is light in weight. It can be made available to all aspects of the society and to the families who need it.

A Harmonic-Free Wilkinson Power Divider Using Lowpass Resonators

Abstract: This paper presents a Wilkinson power divider (WPD) capable of suppressing unwanted bands up to 16th harmonic with high isolation. In this WPD, a lowpass filter composed of a main resonator and three bended stubs are used to guarantee a wide stopband. The presented WPD illustrates suitable performance at 0.85 GHz for GSM applications. Isolation between of output ports, input return loss and insertion loss are better than 24 dB, 20 dB and 3.4 dB, respectively.

Design and Implementation of a GSM-based Monitoring System for a Distribution Transformer

Abstract: Maintaining the distribution power substation's health and reliability has been an issue for many years. A typical transformer measurement device detects only one transformer characteristic, such as power, current, voltage, or phase. While some methods can detect several factors, the acquisition time and operation parameters are too long, and the testing speed is insufficient. However, a monitoring system that can check the temperature level of the transformer continuously and predict faults such as overheating, overcurrent, after which the fault diagnosis is relayed to the base station through a GSM modem is developed in this paper. After receiving the message of any abnormality remedial action can be taken immediately to prevent any catastrophic failures of distribution transformers. Key components used in this development are the ATmega328 microcontroller, the GSM modem, the LM35 temperature sensor, ACS712 current sensor, and so on. The GSM-based monitoring of the distribution transformer is preferable to manual monitoring since it is not always possible to monitor the ambient temperature rise, load current manually.

A Cost-Efficient Environment Monitoring Robotic Vehicle for Smart Industries

Abstract: Environmental monitoring is essential for accessing and avoiding the undesirable situations in industries along with ensuring the safety of workers. Moreover, inspecting and monitoring of environmental parameters by humans lead to various health concerns, which in turn brings to the requirement of monitoring the environment by robotics. In this paper, we have designed and implemented a cost-efficient robotic vehicle for the computation of various environmental parameters such as temperature, radiation, smoke, and pressure with the help of sensors. Furthermore, the robotic vehicle is designed in such a way that it can be dually controlled by using the remote control along with the distant computer. In addition, contrary to the existing researches, the GSM modules are used to achieve the two-way long distance communication between the robotic vehicle and the distant computer. On the distant computer, the above-mentioned environmental parameters can be monitored along with controlling the robotic vehicle with the help of Graphical User Interface (GUI). In order to fulfill the given tasks, we have proposed two algorithms implemented at the robotic vehicle and the distant computer respectively in this paper. The final results validate the proposed algorithms where the above-mentioned environmental parameters can be monitored along with the smooth-running operation of the robotic vehicle.

A Novel Portable Real-Time Low-Cost Sleep Apnea Monitoring System based on the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Network

Abstract: Continuous monitoring of breathing activity plays a vital role in the detection of respiratory-based diseases (SA, COPD, etc.). Sleep Apnea (SA) is characterized by recurrent upper airway obstruction during sleep associated with arterial blood desaturation, sympathetic nervous system activation, and cardiovascular impairment. Untreated patients with SA have increased mortality rates compared to the general population. This study aims to design a remote monitoring system for sleep apnea to ensure patient safety and ease the workload of doctors in the Covid-19 era.This study aims to design a remote monitoring system for sleep apnea to ensure patient safety and ease the workload of doctors. Our study focuses on a novel portable real-time low-cost sleep apnea monitoring system utilizing the GSM network (GSM Shield Sim900a). Proposed system is a remote monitoring and patient tracking system to detect the apnea event in real time, and to provide information of the sleep position, pulse, and respiratory and oxygen saturation to the medical specialists (SpO2) by establishing a direct contact. As soon as an abnormal condition is detected in the light of these parameters, the condition is reported (instant or in the form of short reports after sleep) to the patient relatives, the doctor's mobile telephone or to the emergency medical centers (EMCs) through a GSM network to handle the case depending on the patient's emergency condition.A study group was formed of six patients for monitoring apnea events (three males and three females) between the ages of 20 and 60. The patients in the study group have sleep apnea (SA) in different grades. All the apnea events were detected, and all the patients were successfully alerted. Also, the patient parameters were successfully sent to all patient relatives. Patients who could not get out of apnea were called through the CALL feature, and they were informed about their ongoing apnea event and told that intervention was necessary. The proposed system is tested on six patients. The beginning moment of apnea was successfully detected and the SMS/CALL feature was successfully activated without delay. During the testing, it has been observed that while some of the patients start breathing after the first SMS, some others needed the second or the third SMS. According to the measurement result, the maximum breathless time is 46 s among the patients, and a SMS is sent every 15 s. In addition, in cases where the patient was breathless for a long time, the CALL feature was actively sought from the relatives of the patient and enabled him to intervene. The proposed monitoring system could be used in both clinical and home settings.The monitoring of a patient in real time allows to intervene in any unexpected circumstances about the patient. The proposed work uses an acceleration sensor as a reliable method of the sleep apnea for monitoring and prevention. The developed device is more economical, comfortable, and convenient than existing systems not only for the patients but also for the doctors. The patients can easily use this device in their home environment, so which could yield a more comfortable, easy to use, cost-effective, and long-term breathing monitoring system for healthcare applications.

IoT Based Fall Detection of a Smart Helmet

Abstract: Thousands of lives are lost in road accidents every day. Many of these deaths are preventable deaths if the right person is informed at the right time. The victims of these road accidents require medical assistance as soon as possible which they do not get from the strangers around, and their close ones, who would probably be ready to do what is required, are unaware of the situation before it is too late. That is why this paper tries to deliver the information of an accident to the right person(s) within a few seconds after the accident, so that a quick medical assistance is provided to the victims. This paper proposes a smart helmet with an accelerometer and a GSM module that could detect a fall and send the information about the fall and its GPS location to an emergency contact over the cellular network. This paper is an attempt to save those precious lives that are being lost everyday just because they got no help in time.

Automated health monitoring system for premature fetus

Abstract: Our research is about the premature infant Monitoring system based on wireless Technology. A prototype is developed which gives a reliable and efficient baby monitoring system that can play a significant role in providing higher kid care. This system monitor vital parameters such as body Temperature, Pulse rate, Cry Movement ,Blood oxygen level(spo2),heart rate and the physical activity of an infant and using GSM Network .GSM is an open and digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services operates at the 850MHZ and 1900MHZ frequency bands. This information is transferred to their parents. Measurements of these vital parameters can be done and underneath risk, Scenario sent to the parents with SMS alert to intimate the proper control action. So that we can reduce the death of the premature fetus.

Compact, Multiband, Flexible Decagon Ring Monopole Antenna for GSM/LTE/5G/WLAN Applications

Abstract: The design of linearly polarized, flexible, multi-band decagon ring monopole antenna is proposed. The decagon ring monopole antenna incorporates a decagon ring having a thickness of 5 mm encircling a chamfered patch to generate multiband linear polarized waves. These radiators are excited by coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed based technique to induce two resonances at 2.20 GHz and 4.10 GHz covering bandwidth requirement of Global System for Mobile (GSM) 1800, Long Term Evolution (LTE) 2300/2600, Fifth Generation (5G) and WLAN bands. The simulated outcomes confirm the −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 48.84% (1.64 – 2.70 GHz) and 43.01% (3.65 – 5.65 GHz) at resonating frequency of 2.20 GHz and 4.10 GHz, respectively. Further, the bending analysis validates that the impedance matching and radiation performance of decagon ring antenna have minimal impact on the operating bands.

Real time interaction-based Healthcare monitoring during Medical Emergencies with Internet of Things

Abstract: The most challenging problem in today's technologically advanced society is how to enhance the health of the elderly. Falling is the most frequent cause of serious injury and early mortality among elderly people. As wearable sensors improve their capacity to detect falls, the demand for these devices has grown. This implies that the system has a low social and financial effect on society. This means that automated fall detection systems and vital signs assessment systems are now required for even basic daily tasks carried out by the elderly. Healthcare solution is split into three sections: sensing, querying, and storing amongst others. RF transceivers are employed in the sensing section to detect the presence of tagged patients nearby. An SMS is used to transmit a request to the querying service, which then receives it from the GSM network. In the storage space, the patient information is well organised. According to the results, the proposed method was 96.43 percent accurate, 94.06% precise, 94.62% recall, and 94% Fl-score effective. The system's ability to be tracked through low-cost GSM technology greatly increases the system's use. A multifaceted and flexible system with easy access has been shown. It has the ability to make daily tasks simpler and more efficient as a consequence of its unique design.

Vehicle Accident Detection and Prevention using IoT and Deep Learning

Abstract: Road accidents have become an issue of major concern to the people. This paper presents an accident prevention mechanism developed through alcohol detection using an MQ3 alcohol sensor followed by automatic engine locking. The detection part uses an SW-420 vibration sensor to detect any sort of abnormal vibrations that may occur from a collision. This is accompanied by supervised deep learning CNN algorithms. The accident scene image is captured using a front camera built in the vehicle to be used by the deep learning model for accident prediction. Accident detection is followed by communication to the nearest emergency center using GPS and GSM modules.

A Safe and Reliable System for Monitoring the Home Remotely

Abstract: In today's world of fast paced busy life, home monitoring and security is one of the major important issues. Every one of us would check our stoves, LPG cylinders and Door locks at least twice before leaving our homes. This is the most common scenario in every household. A reliable home safety and monitoring system is the need of the hour today. With a proper system in place to monitor one's home, we can set our minds with less stress and worry to better focus on other tasks. In this paper, we have explained an easy and an efficient method of building a home monitoring system using sensors and hybrid tech of IoT and GSM. We use sensors for measuring the surrounding temperature and humidity, gas sensors for the detection of gas leakage, ultrasonic sensors for the detection of movement near the doors. We use Node MCU ESP8266 as an MCU for all the sensors and processing the sensor data, this ESP8266 can also be connected to cloud-based servers using the local Wi-Fi connections. This helps us to enable monitoring of our home remotely. In addition to this we also use a GSM module with an Arduino for communicating with the home owner's phone directly as a backup alert system when the sensor values are beyond a pre-determined threshold. This would ensure a fail-safe system.

A Broadband CP Elliptical-Slot Antenna for Ambient RF Energy Harvesting

Abstract: In this paper, a compact broadband CPW-fed circularly polarised elliptical-slot antenna with an inverted- L tuning stub is proposed. The antenna impedance is optimized for broadband operation from 1.62 GHz to 2.97 GHz. The measured CP bandwidth is 934 MHz (1.747-2.681 GHz), that covers common wireless communication bands GSM 1800, GSM 1900, 3G/LTE 2100, 3G/LTE 2300, 4G/LTE 2500, and 2.4GHz Wi-Fi bands. This makes the designed antenna an appropriate candidate for ambient RF energy harvesting purposes.

Design and Implementation of a Feasible Model for the IoT Based Ubiquitous Healthcare Monitoring System for Rural and Urban Areas

Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) based real-time health monitoring system has contributed towards a brilliant human welfare both in urban and rural areas. Many of such solutions are not well applicable in developing countries like Bangladesh due to lack of uninterrupted communication system. In this paper, we present an IoT-based real-time health monitoring system that can measure, monitor and report people’s health condition online and offline from anywhere. Our proposed IoT based solution is capable to transmit the sensitive health information to medical centres and caregivers in real time. The proposed system has been designed with Arduino UNO, Nodemcu, and GSM modules to measure body temperature, pulse rate, oxygen saturation, room temperature, and air quality in a smart home setting. The system can also provide the patient’s historical health records. Our implementation was tested on some test cases which works excellent with accuracy. The proposed system has high potentiality for the rural and urban areas in developing countries.

Microcontroller based Ingrained Monitoring of Covellar Carbon Monoxide Identification and Air Revitalizing in Air Skilled Automotives

Abstract: Unique Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gas made when carbon-based powers and synthetics are scorched deficiently. The slow development of this destructive gas can create cerebral pains, queasiness, heaving, dizziness, and disarray, which are all hazardous to travelers' wellbeing and the climate. The objective of this examination is to make an incorporated framework for a vehicle that can detect and distinguish synthetics like carbon monoxide (CO). Moreover, it persistently takes a look at the degree of gases and shows their focus. It likewise creates a programmed caution when CO levels outperform the ordinary reach, permitting the ventilation framework to be initiated rapidly. An instant message (SMS) is shipped off the approved client through GSM to naturally enact the power windows to dispose of carbon monoxide.

UAV-based Localization of Mobile Phones for Search and Rescue Applications

Abstract: In this work a system is proposed that utilizes an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to search and rescue trapped victims using their mobile phones. The systems consists of two parts, a ground station (GS) and an airborne station (AS). The GS provides a downlink to the UAV, a GSM base station along with antenna equipment and a mobile network jamming device. By using a smart approach to block the synchronization sequences of all base stations in range, the mobile phones of the victims to be located are switching to an emergency fallback mode. In this mode the phones connect to the strongest base station in range, thus the one provided by the GS. By initiating a call to the corresponding phone the AS can localize it using direction-of-arrival detection with a 9-channel phase coherent receiver system.

An Ultrasonic Sensor-based blind stick analysis with instant accident alert for Blind People

Abstract: The project is about the blind people who can't move without a stick, so we thought of doing a smart stick for blind people which can sense the obstacles and make buzzer sounds so he can move forward with that, in addition to that, we add fire and water sensors it beeps with different intensities to get attention from it. we can use ultrasonic sensors for a variety of obstacles like a pit, wall, drainages, vehicles, people etc. whenever he forgot the stick through his mobile phone with an app on the home screen can speak to it and the stick responds through voice output like ‘you forgot me here’ with the help of Bluetooth connection. Apart from these things, there may be chances to meet with an accident then we connected vibrate sensor with certain intensity more than usual. If in case the vibrator sensor senses the accident level frequency we set before then it sends msg to relatives through GPS and GSM connected to the Arduino board.

A comparative assessment of GSM and UMTS Networks

Abstract: It is common knowledge that the transition of mobile networks from one generation to another is basically for the improvement in the network’s Quality of Service (QoS). Bearing this in mind, we will assumme that the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) will outperform the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), hence, the motivation to conduct this study in Calabar, Nigeria, for four mobile networks; MTN, Airtel, Globacom and 9mobile. With the aid of a TEMS investigation software installed in a laptop, a measurement campaign was carried out and log files collected, with focus on Call Setup Success Rate (CSSR), Dropped Call Rate (DCR), Handover Success Rate (HOSR), Call Setup Time (CST), network coverage and network quality. The collected data was analyzed with the aid of a TEMS discovery software. The analyzed data for each Key Performance Indicator (KPI) was compared with the minimum benchmark of the telecommunications regulatory body, the Nigerian Communication Commission (NCC). Result reveal that there was no outright improvement in the QoS and there was fluctuation in the QoS provided by the network operators. We therefore conclude that the network operators, either did not make accurate planning before installing their base stations or do not optimize their networks frequently and this led to poor QoS in most cases.

Off-Network Communications for Future Railway Mobile Communication Systems: Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract: GSM-R is predicted to be obsoletd by 2030, and a suitable successor is needed. Defined by the International Union of Railways, the Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS) contains many future use cases with strict requirements. These use cases should ensure regular communication not only in network coverage but also in uncovered scenarios. There is still a lack of standards on off-network communication in FRMCS, so this article focuses on off-network communication and intends to provide reference and direction for standardization. We first provide a comprehensive summary and analysis of off-network use cases in FRMCS. Then we give an overview of existing technologies (GSM-R, TETRA, DMR, LTE-V2X, and NR-V2X) that may support off-network communication. In addition, we simulate and evaluate the performance of existing technologies. Simulation results show that it is possible to satisfy the off-network communication requirements in FRMCS with enhancements based on LTE-V2X or NR-V2X. Finally, we give some future research directions to provide insights for industry and academia.