Topic
GSM
About: GSM is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 16034 publications have been published within this topic receiving 162681 citations. The topic is also known as: Groupe Spécial Mobile & Groupe Special Mobile.
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TL;DR: This article introduces a new type of wireless connectivity, characterized by low-rate, long-range transmission technologies in the unlicensed sub-gigahertz frequency bands, used to realize access networks with star topology referred to as low-power WANs (LPWANs).
Abstract: Connectivity is probably the most basic building block of the IoT paradigm. Up to now, the two main approaches to provide data access to things have been based on either multihop mesh networks using short-range communication technologies in the unlicensed spectrum, or long-range legacy cellular technologies, mainly 2G/GSM/GPRS, operating in the corresponding licensed frequency bands. Recently, these reference models have been challenged by a new type of wireless connectivity, characterized by low-rate, long-range transmission technologies in the unlicensed sub-gigahertz frequency bands, used to realize access networks with star topology referred to as low-power WANs (LPWANs). In this article, we introduce this new approach to provide connectivity in the IoT scenario, discussing its advantages over the established paradigms in terms of efficiency, effectiveness, and architectural design, particularly for typical smart city applications.
842 citations
01 Oct 2005
TL;DR: This book discusses Cellular Networks and Location Management, Positioning, and Architectures and Protocols for Location Services, which shed light on the development of location-based services in the modern era.
Abstract: Preface. List of Abbreviations. 1 Introduction. 1.1 What are Location-based Services? 1.2 Application Scenarios. 1.3 LBS Actors. 1.4 Standardization. 1.5 Structure of this Book. Part I: Fundamentals. 2 What is Location? 2.1 Location Categories. 2.2 Spatial Location. 2.3 Conclusion. 3 Spatial Databases and GIS. 3.1 What are Spatial Databases and GIS? 3.2 Geographic versus Spatial Data Models. 3.3 Representing Spatial Objects. 3.4 Features and Themes. 3.5 Algorithms of Computational Geometry. 3.6 Geography Markup Language. 3.7 Conclusion. 4 Basics of Wireless Communications. 4.1 Signals. 4.2 Propagation of Radio Signals. 4.3 Multiplexing and Multiple Access. 4.4 Conclusion. 5 Cellular Networks and Location Management. 5.1 Overview of Cellular Systems. 5.2 Principles of Cellular Networks. 5.3 Mobility Management. 5.4 Common Concepts of Location Management. 5.5 Location Management in CS Networks. 5.6 Location Management in PS Networks. 5.7 Conclusion. Part II: Positioning. 6 Fundamentals of Positioning. 6.1 Classification of Positioning Infrastructures. 6.2 Basic Positioning Methods. 6.3 Range Measurements. 6.4 Accuracy and Precision. 6.5 Error Sources. 6.6 Conclusion. 7 Satellite Positioning. 7.1 Historical Background. 7.2 Orbital Motion of Satellite Systems. 7.3 Global Positioning System. 7.4 Differential GPS. 7.5 Galileo. 7.6 Conclusion. 8 Cellular Positioning. 8.1 Positioning in GSM Networks. 8.2 Positioning in UMTS Networks. 8.3 Assisted GPS in GSM and UMTS. 8.4 Positioning in other Cellular Systems. 8.5 Conclusion. 9 Indoor Positioning. 9.1 WLAN Positioning. 9.2 RFID Positioning. 9.3 Indoor Positioning with GPS. 9.4 Non Radiolocation Systems. 9.5 Conclusion. Part III: LBS Operation. 10 Interorganizational LBS Operation. 10.1 LBS Supply Chain. 10.2 Scenarios of the LBS Supply Chain. 10.3 Supplier/Consumer Patterns for Location Dissemination. 10.4 Privacy Protection. 10.5 Conclusion. 11 Architectures and Protocols for Location Services. 11.1 GSMand UMTS Location Services. 11.2 Enhanced Emergency Services. 11.3 Mobile Location Protocol. 11.4 WAP Location Framework. 11.5 Parlay/OSA. 11.6 Geopriv. 11.7 Conclusion. 12 LBS Middleware. 12.1 Conceptual View of an LBS Middleware. 12.2 Location API for J2ME. 12.3 OpenGIS Location Services. 12.4 Conclusion. 13 LBS - The Next Generation. Bibliography. Index.
769 citations
TL;DR: Standard cellular antennas, smart antennas using fixed beams, and adaptive antennas for base stations, as well as antenna technologies for handsets are described and the potential improvement that these antennas can provide is shown.
Abstract: In this article we discuss current and future antenna technology for wireless systems and the improvement that smart and adaptive antenna arrays can provide. We describe standard cellular antennas, smart antennas using fixed beams, and adaptive antennas for base stations, as well as antenna technologies for handsets. We show the potential improvement that these antennas can provide, including range extension, multipath diversity, interference suppression, capacity increase, and data rate increase. The issues involved in incorporating these antennas into wireless systems using CDMA, GSM, and IS-136 in different environments, such as rural, suburban, and urban areas, as well as indoors, are described. Theoretical, computer simulation, experimental, and field trial results are also discussed that demonstrate the potential of this technology.
760 citations
Posted Content•
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce a new approach to provide connectivity in the IoT scenario, discussing its advantages over the established paradigms in terms of efficiency, effectiveness, and architectural design, in particular for the typical Smart Cities applications.
Abstract: Connectivity is probably the most basic building block of the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. Up to know, the two main approaches to provide data access to the \emph{things} have been based either on multi-hop mesh networks using short-range communication technologies in the unlicensed spectrum, or on long-range, legacy cellular technologies, mainly 2G/GSM, operating in the corresponding licensed frequency bands. Recently, these reference models have been challenged by a new type of wireless connectivity, characterized by low-rate, long-range transmission technologies in the unlicensed sub-GHz frequency bands, used to realize access networks with star topology which are referred to a \emph{Low-Power Wide Area Networks} (LPWANs). In this paper, we introduce this new approach to provide connectivity in the IoT scenario, discussing its advantages over the established paradigms in terms of efficiency, effectiveness, and architectural design, in particular for the typical Smart Cities applications.
748 citations
Proceedings Article•
16 Jun 2010TL;DR: Such power models for macro and micro base stations relying on data sheets of several GSM and UMTS base stations with focus on component level, e.g., power amplifier and cooling equipment are developed.
Abstract: In wireless communications micro cells are potentially more energy efficient than conventional macro cells due to the high path loss exponent. Also, heterogeneous deployments of both cell types can be used to optimize the energy efficiency. Energy efficiency of any deployment is impacted by the power consumption of each individual network element and the dependency of transmit power and load. In this paper we developed such power models for macro and micro base stations relying on data sheets of several GSM and UMTS base stations with focus on component level, e.g., power amplifier and cooling equipment. In a first application of the model a traditional macro cell deployment and a heterogeneous deployment are compared.
686 citations