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GSM frequency bands

About: GSM frequency bands is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 559 publications have been published within this topic receiving 5067 citations.


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Book ChapterDOI
16 Dec 2011
TL;DR: Multiband and wideband antennas are essential to provide multifunctional operations for mobile communication.
Abstract: The popularity of mobile communication systems has increased remarkably during the last decade and the market demand still continues to increase. As a fundamental part of these systems, antenna is one of the most important design issues in modern mobile communication units. Although there are several similar definitions, an antenna can be mainly described as a device, which transforms the electromagnetic waves in an antenna to radiating waves in an unbounded medium such as air in transmitting mode and vice versa in receiving mode. Because antennas are dependent on frequency, they are designed to operate for certain frequency bands. The rapid growth of mobile communication systems has forced to the use of novel antennas for base and mobile station applications (mobile phone, notebook computer, personal digital assistants (PDA), etc.). Earlier, mobile systems were designed to operate for one of the frequency bands of 2G (second generation) systems, which are Digital Cellular System (DCS), Personal Communications Service (PCS) and Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) networks. Currently, many mobile communication systems use several frequency bands such as GSM 900/1800/1900 bands (890-960 MHz and 1710-1990 MHz); Universal Mobile Telecommunication Systems (UMTS) and UMTS 3G expansion bands (1900-2200 MHz and 2500-2700 MHz); and Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)/Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) bands (2400-2500 MHz and 5100-5800 MHz) where the list of frequently used frequency bands is given in Table 1 (Best, 2008). Conventionally, because a single antenna can not operate at all of these frequency bands of mobile communication, multiple different antennas covering these bands separately should be used. However, usage of many antennas is usually limited by the volume and cost constraints of the applications. Therefore, multiband and wideband antennas are essential to provide multifunctional operations for mobile communication. A multiband antenna in a mobile communication system can be defined as the antenna operating at distinct frequency bands, but not at the intermediate frequencies between bands. For example, a triple band antenna for GSM 900/1800/1900 bands can cover the frequency bands 890-960 MHz and 1710-1990 MHz (Ali et al., 2003); however, it does not operate properly at the frequencies such as 1200 MHz or 2500 MHz. On the other hand, a wideband antenna operates at every frequency points within a given frequency band. For example, a wideband antenna covering UMTS, extended UMTS and WLAN 2400 bands functions at every frequency points

18 citations

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2000
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an Ansammlung of MSC-Einzugsbereichen with durchgangigem Numerierungsplan (z.B. gleicher nationaler Zielrufnummer; National Destination Code = NDC).
Abstract: In diesem Kapitel wird das digitale Mobilfunksystem Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN nach ITU-T: Q.1000 — Q.1063, Blue Book, 1988) beschrieben. Es umfast derzeit das Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM900) um 900 MHz sowie das Digital Cellular System (DCS1800) um 1800 MHz. In den USA wird ein 1900 MHz-System als Personal Communications System (PCS1900) aufgebaut. [BI, DA, EB, JU, LO, PA;, PR, TU, WA, Lu, et, ie]. Nach der ETSI-Empfehlung GSM 03.02 wird das PLMN zur offentlichen Bereitstellung landmobiler Telekommunikationsdienste durch Behorden oder zugelassene Privatbetreiber (Recognized Private Operating Agency = RPOA) aufgebaut und betrieben. Ein PLMN kann als Erweiterungsnetz z.B. zum ISDN betrachtet werden. Es ist eine Ansammlung von MSC-Einzugsbereichen mit durchgangigem Numerierungsplan (z.B. gleicher nationaler Zielrufnummer; National Destination Code = NDC) und einem durchgangigem Vermittlungsplan. MSCs sind die funktionalen Schnittstellen zwischen den Festnetzen und dem PLMN zum Rufaufbau. Funktional konnen die PLMNs als unabhangige Telekommunikationseinheiten betrachtet werden, obwohl unterschiedliche PLMNs durch ISDNIPSTN und PDNs zur Rufweiterleitung oder Transfer von Netzinformation verbunden werden konnen. Ahnliche Verbindungsarten konnen zum Zusammenwirken zwischen MSCs eines PLMN existieren.

18 citations

Journal Article
TL;DR: In this article, four different planar multi-band antennas are designed, modeled, fabricated, and measu- red. Parameters of the antennas are in detail compared to demonstrate advantages and disadvantages of different so- lutions.
Abstract: In the paper, four different planar multi-band antennas are designed, modeled, fabricated, and measu- red. Parameters of the antennas are in detail compared to demonstrate advantages and disadvantages of different so- lutions. Discussions are supported by results of the modal and full-wave analyses of antennas. The classical patch antenna is a basic building block of compared antennas. The multi-band behavior is achieved by etching perturbation slots to the patch, which influence resonant current distributions. The antennas are designed for GSM bands (900 MHz, 1 800 MHz), and for the Bluetooth band (2 400 MHz).

18 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
06 Jun 2004
TL;DR: In this paper, a design approach for realizing a fully integrated local oscillator, covering all four GSM bands, and fulfilling the stringent phase noise requirement of -162 dBc/Hz at a 20-MHz offset from a 915-MHz carrier in a 1.4-V 0.09-/spl mu/m digital CMOS process is presented.
Abstract: A design approach is presented for realizing a fully integrated local oscillator, covering all 4 GSM bands, and fulfilling the stringent phase noise requirement of -162 dBc/Hz at a 20-MHz offset from a 915-MHz carrier in a 1.4-V 0.09-/spl mu/m digital CMOS process. By operating a digitally-controlled oscillator at a 4/spl times/ frequency followed by /spl divide/ 4 frequency dividers, the requirements of on-chip inductor Q and the amount of gate oxide stress are relaxed. Both dynamic and SCL dividers are also studied for their phase noise performance. It was found that a dynamic divider is needed for stringent TX outputs while an SCL divider can be used for RX to save power. Both dividers are capable of producing a tight relation between 4 quadrature output phases at low voltage and low power.

17 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
14 Aug 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, a dual-mode frequency synthesizer for GSM and Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) is presented, where the shared components include phase frequency detector (PFD), charge pump (CP), loop filter, integer frequency divider and VCO.
Abstract: A fully integrated dual-mode frequency synthesizer for GSM and Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) is presented. The synthesizer is designed to maximize hardware sharing between the two modes by applying fractional frequency synthesis to GSM mode and integer frequency synthesis to WCDMA mode. The shared components include phase frequency detector (PFD), charge pump (CP), loop filter, integer frequency divider and VCO, which is 70% of the entire synthesizer in term of die area. A high-speed low power dual modulus prescaler is proposed to operate up to 2.1GHz at 3.3V supply voltage with 11.6mW power consumption by simulation. A dual mode VCO is also proposed for the enhanced tuning range with an accumulation mode NMOS varactor for band-to-band tuning and a p/sup +/n junction varactor for in-band tuning. The simulation result shows that the synthesizer phase noise is -112dBc/Hz at 600kHz offset frequency for WCDMA mode and -117 dBc/Hz for GSM mode.

17 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20221
202111
202015
201924
201828
201734