Showing papers on "Guar gum published in 1993"
01 Jan 1993
TL;DR: The manufacturing, properties, and applications of guar, locust bean, tara, and fenugreek gums are discussed in this paper, where they are used in the petroleum industry as additives for aqueous and water/methanol-based fracturing fluids.
Abstract: Publisher Summary
This chapter discusses the manufacturing, properties, and applications of guar, locust bean, tara, and fenugreek gums. Guar gum is obtained from the seed of the legume Cyamopsis tetragonolobus. Guar is grown principally as a food crop for animals and an ingredient in human foods. The germ portion of its seed is predominantly protein, and the endosperm is predominantly guar galactomannan. Guar gum can be produced from endosperm splits, simply by grinding in attrition mills, hammer mills, or other size-reduction equipment. Guar gum and its hydroxypropyl and carboxymethyl ethers are used in the petroleum industry as additives for aqueous and water/methanol-based fracturing fluids. Locust bean gum and its derivatives are used in a variety of industrial applications. Tara gum—sometimes called huarango, guaranga, or Peruvian carob—is a galactomannan with a galactosyl: mannosyl ratio between those of locust bean gum and guar gum. Fenugreek seed contains about 25% protein high in both lysine and tryptophan although lower in methionine and cystine than other legumes.
152 citations
TL;DR: The results of studies in which specific, defined fibers have been added to the diet would suggest that the naturally occurring fiber in foods is likely to play only a minor role.
Abstract: It generally is accepted that a diet high in fiber, particularly soluble fiber, is useful in the management of the plasma glucose concentration in individuals with diabetes. This is one of the reasons several national diabetes associations have recommended that diabetic individuals ingest a diet high in fiber-containing foods. However, more recent data obtained in carefully controlled studies with more definitive end points, indicate this may not be the case. It has been shown clearly that addition of water-soluble, gel-forming fiber in the form of guar gum and perhaps gum tragacanth to an ingested glucose solution or to a mixed meal will reduce the expected rise in glucose concentration. This has been demonstrated in both normal subjects and subjects with IDDM and NIDDM. However, it is only observed when large amounts of fiber are added. The fiber also must be mixed with the administered glucose or food. Other less viscous soluble fiber sources such as the pectins and psyllium powder are not effective. In long-term, well-controlled trials, guar gum, pectin, beet fiber, or cereal bran fiber ingested with meals has been of little or no value in controlling the plasma glucose concentration in individuals with NIDDM. Several studies have been conducted in which a high-carbohydrate diet has been reported to reduce the plasma glucose concentration. In these diets, foods with a high fiber content have been emphasized. In general, they were not well controlled, and several confounding variables such as weight loss, decreased food energy intake, different food sources with potential for differences in starch digestibility, and decreased dietary fat content were present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
131 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that greater viscosity of intestinal contents is strongly associated with cholesterol reduction, but that the contribution of fiber fermentation remains uncertain.
Abstract: The attribute(s) of soluble dietary fibers responsible for cholesterol lowering is currently uncertain. A series of experiments were conducted in which viscosity and fermentability was assessed independently for their effect on plasma and liver cholesterol concentration. Hamsters were divided into four dietary groups and fed diets containing 0.12% cholesterol and 5% fiber as high viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HV-HPMC group), low viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (LV-HPMC group), high viscosity guar gum (HV-GG group) or low viscosity guar gum (LV-GG group). Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is essentially nonfermentable, whereas guar gum is highly fermentable. Plasma cholesterol concentrations at 3, 6 and 11 wk and liver cholesterol concentrations at 6 and 11 wk were significantly lower in the HV-HPMC group relative to the LV-HPMC group (P < 0.05). Intestinal content viscosities of the LV-HPMC and HV-GG groups were similar; consequently, these two groups were compared to examine the independent effect of fermentation. Plasma and liver cholesterol were significantly lower in the HV-GG group compared with the LV-HPMC group at 6 wk (P < 0.05), but not at 3 or 11 wk. Hepatic sterol synthesis rates were not affected by any of the diets. This study shows that greater viscosity of intestinal contents is strongly associated with cholesterol reduction, but that the contribution of fiber fermentation remains uncertain.
128 citations
TL;DR: Guar gum improved long-term glycemic control, postprandial glucose tolerance and lipid concentrations, and a decreased molar ratio of insulin to C-peptide suggests that guar gum may increase hepatic insulin extraction.
112 citations
TL;DR: Dietary RS can reduce serum TC and TAG concentrations and fat accretion, and feeding the high RS diet also led to a lower weight of the epididymal fat pads.
Abstract: Rats were meal-fed semipurified diets containing a low (0.8 g/MJ) and a high (9.6 g/MJ) amount of resistant starch (RS) or various amounts of RS (0.8 to 9.6 g/MJ) and guar gum (0 to 8.8 g/MJ). In one experiment, rats were fed the low and high RS diets in three dietary regimens (ad libitum consuming, 12 h ad libitum/12 h food deprived, and meal fed). Effects of RS and guar gum on serum postprandial and postabsorptive concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and triacylglycerol (TAG), growth, hydrogen excretion, tissue weights and contents of small intestine and cecum, and pH of cecal contents were investigated. In addition, effects of RS on food intake, de novo hepatic synthesis of fatty acids and neutral sterols, and on lipoprotein lipase activity and weight of epididymal fat pads were investigated. Compared with feeding the low RS diet, the high RS diet reduced the serum TC and TAG concentrations, with these effects observed after 1 and 2 wk of feeding, respectively. The dietary regimen did not influence the effect of RS on the serum TC and TAG concentrations, but it did affect the serum TAG concentration. Resistant starch had no effect on the hepatic synthesis of fatty acids and neutral sterols or on the lipoprotein lipase activity in epididymal fat pads. Guar gum also reduced the serum TC concentration, but it had no effect on serum TAG concentration. The tissue weights and contents of small intestine and cecum as well as hydrogen excretion increased with increasing amounts of dietary RS and guar gum, whereas the pH of cecal contents decreased. No effects of RS on food intake and total body weight gain were found, whereas guar gum decreased weight gain. Feeding the high RS diet also led to a lower weight of the epididymal fat pads. We conclude that dietary RS can reduce serum TC and TAG concentrations and fat accretion.
101 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of three pseudoplastic hydrocolloids, oat gum, guar gum and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on sensory perception of sweetness and flavour was studied in model systems at two viscosity levels.
92 citations
TL;DR: High yields of extracellular alpha‐galactosidase from fungal cultures were obtained by inducing enzyme production with guar gum (a galactomannan obtained from the seeds of Cyamopsis tetragonobola) as the sole carbon source.
Abstract: High yields of extracellular alpha-galactosidase from fungal cultures were obtained by inducing enzyme production with guar gum (a galactomannan obtained from the seeds of Cyamopsis tetragonobola) as the sole carbon source. An alpha-galactosidase was isolated from the culture medium of Penicillium ochrochloron culture and purified 867-fold by CM-cellulose and Sephacryl S-200 column chromatography to apparent homogeneity. Gel-filtration data revealed an M(r) of 57,500, which was in close agreement with SDS/PAGE M(r) estimation, for a single band, of 60,200. The alpha-galactosidase activity is strictly dependent upon the pH and temperature of the incubation medium, being maximal at pH 4.5 and 55 degrees C respectively. This enzyme from P. ochrochloron was isolated and purified, devoid of beta-mannanase activity, which cleaves the main beta-mannan backbone of galactomannans and greatly diminishes its gel-promoting capacity. The properties of purified guar-gum-induced alpha-galactosidase activity in P. ochrochloron culture were evaluated in order to ascribe a possible application for alpha-galactosidase in the controlled generation of an improved guar-gum-based gel promoter.
79 citations
TL;DR: Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG, average M. W. 20,000) digested by s-D-mannanase was given as a beverage after every meal to eight healthy men for 4 weeks as discussed by the authors.
66 citations
TL;DR: The data support previous findings that a diet rich in select WSDF can be a useful cholesterol-lowering adjunct to a fat-modified diet, but that caution should be exercised in ascribing cholesterol- Lowering efficacy to dietary fibers based solely on their WSDF classification.
Abstract: Water-soluble dietary fibers (WSDF) are generally thought to lower cholesterol. This study compared the cholesterol-lowering effects of a medium viscosity WSDF mixture (psyllium, pectin, guar gum and locust bean gum) with an equal amount of WSDF from acacia gum, which has a lower viscosity. Hypercholesterolemic males (n = 13) and females (n = 16) were randomly assigned to one of two WSDF treatments provided in a low-calorie powder form for mixing into beverages (< 4 kcal/serving). Subjects were instructed to mix powders into their usual beverages and to consume them three times daily (5 g WSDF/serving) for 4 weeks while consuming their typical fat-modified diets. Exercise and body weights were also held constant. The WSDF mixture yielded a 10% decrease in plasma total cholesterol (from 251 +/- 20 to 225 +/- 19 mg/dL; p < 0.01), and a 14% reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (from 167 +/- 14 to 144 +/- 14 mg/dL; p < 0.001). No significant changes in plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol or triglycerides were observed. In contrast, the acacia gum-treated group showed no change in any plasma lipid parameters. The WSDF treatments did not produce significant changes in mean dietary intakes within or between treatment groups. These data support previous findings that a diet rich in select WSDF can be a useful cholesterol-lowering adjunct to a fat-modified diet, but that caution should be exercised in ascribing cholesterol-lowering efficacy to dietary fibers based solely on their WSDF classification. Finally, WSDF viscosity is a potential cholesterol-lowering factor to be explored further.
56 citations
Patent•
05 Feb 1993
TL;DR: The animal litter composition is substantially dust-free, and can be safely ingested by pets as discussed by the authors, and can also include borax, xanthan gum, carrageenan gum, or an alginate.
Abstract: A composition for a clumping animal litter forms agglomerates upon contact with relatively small amounts of an aqueous liquid, such as an animal body fluid, yet rapidly disperses upon disposal in a household plumbing system to produce only non-swelling clay particles and biodegradable end products. The animal litter composition is substantially dust-free, and can be safely ingested by pets. The composition includes non-swelling clay and/or diatomaceous earth particles and a galactomannan gum that has been distributed in a non-toxic liquid vehicle on the surface of the free-flowing clay particles. The galactomannan gum may be a guar gum or a locust bean gum, or an ether derivative of guar gum or locust bean gum. The animal litter composition may also include borax, xanthan gum, a carrageenan gum, or an alginate.
49 citations
Patent•
17 Jun 1993
TL;DR: A reduced calorie fruit spread comprising the gelled product of: a. water; b: fruit or fruit flavoring; c. sucralose high intensity sweetener; d. low methoxy pectin or carrageenan; e. carboxymethylcellulose; f. guar gum; and g. locust bean gum as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: A reduced calorie fruit spread comprising the gelled product of: a. water; b: fruit or fruit flavoring; c. sucralose high intensity sweetener; d. low methoxy pectin or carrageenan; e. carboxymethylcellulose; f. guar gum; and g. locust bean gum.
Patent•
16 Aug 1993TL;DR: Coating agents comprising a liquid phase, a polysaccharide decomposable in the colon, and a film forming polymer preferably having hydrophilic groups, which agent, when used for the coating of oral dosage unit forms, give coatings of high mechanical strength which are first decomposed under the influence of glycosidic enzymes.
Abstract: Coating agents comprising a liquid phase, a polysaccharide decomposable in the colon, such as locust bean gum or guar gum, and a film forming polymer preferably having hydrophilic groups, which agent, when used for the coating of oral dosage unit forms, give coatings of high mechanical strength which are first decomposed under the influence of glycosidic enzymes in the colon; oral dosage unit forms incorporating such agents.
TL;DR: The study demonstrates that measurement of postprandial bile acids enables an indirect measurement to be made of bile acid binding to NSP in vivo, and supports the hypothesis that the hypocholesterolaemic action of guar gum is largely mediated via interruption of the enterohepatic bile Acid circulation.
Abstract: The effects of guar gum, sugar-beet fibre (SBF) and wheat bran supplementation of a high-fat test meal were compared with an NSP-free control meal and a meal containing an equivalent amount of the ion-exchange resin cholestyramine in healthy non-obese human volunteers. Their effects on gastric emptying, postprandial circulating bile acids, triacylglycerols and gastrointestinal hormone levels were studied. The in vitro binding of NSP and cholestyramine to [1-14C]glycocholic acid was measured and compared with their in vivo effect. Guar gum and cholestyramine supplementation significantly lowered circulating postprandial bile acid, triacylglycerol and gastric inhibitory polypeptide concentrations, but sugar-beet fibre and wheat bran were without effect. Liquid gastric emptying, as assessed by circulating paracetamol levels, was slightly accelerated in the guar gum-supplemented meal. Glycocholic acid bound strongly to the insoluble fraction of cholestyramine and the soluble fraction of guar gum. The insoluble fractions of SBF and wheat bran bound only small quantities of glycocholate; no bile acid binding was detected in the soluble fractions of these NSP. The study demonstrates that measurement of postprandial bile acids enables an indirect measurement to be made of bile acid binding to NSP in vivo. The results support the hypothesis that the hypocholesterolaemic action of guar gum is largely mediated via interruption of the enterohepatic bile acid circulation, but indicate that the hypocholesterolaemic action of SBF is mediated by another mechanism.
TL;DR: Oat bran, guar gum and xylan were effective hypocholesterolemic agents in hamsters in the present study and significantly lowered VLDL+LDL cholesterol concentrations.
Abstract: The effect of dietary fibers on plasma lipids, liver cholesterol and fecal cholesterol excretion was investigated in hamsters. Male 9- to 11-wk-old Golden-Syrian hamsters (n = 155) were fed a purified hypercholesterolemic diet (0.1% cholesterol, 10% fat) for 5 wk to elevate plasma lipid concentrations. Sixteen animals with elevated plasma total cholesterol were randomly assigned to each treatment group: control, oat bran, guar gum, cellulose, xylan and terminal groups. After 4 wk of fiber diet consumption, the plasma total cholesterol concentrations were significantly decreased in the oat bran, guar gum and xylan groups (16, 12 and 15%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Plasma HDL cholesterol concentration was significantly decreased only in the guar gum group (12%) (P < 0.05). The combined plasma VLDL+LDL cholesterol concentrations were significantly lowered by the oat bran, xylan and cellulose diets (38, 34 and 40%, respectively) (P < 0.05). After 4 wk of control diet consumption, the liver cholesterol concentration quadrupled to 10.6 mumol cholesterol/g liver (P < 0.05). After 4 wk of consumption of the treatment diets, liver cholesterol was further increased (P < 0.05) only in the cellulose group, to 14.5 mumol cholesterol/g liver. The total fecal cholesterol excretion was the highest (P < 0.05) in the oat bran group. In the present study, oat bran, guar gum and xylan were effective hypocholesterolemic agents in hamsters.
TL;DR: In this paper, a phase diagram showing boundary limits for kappa-carrageenan/locust bean gum and KCCG/galactomannan/guar gum blends in the vicinity of the sol-gel transition was established.
Patent•
02 Mar 1993
TL;DR: In this article, a petroleum wax-free chewing gum containing special noncariogenic oligosaccharides, sweeteners, and flavors is described, and the binder systems used contain at least 35 weight percent of the Binder system as non-COGs, preferably including at least one from the group including polydextrose, fructooligosacchides, indigestible dextrins, oligofructose, isomaltulose, guar gum hydrolysates, hydrolyzed alginates, and hydrolyze alkal
Abstract: A petroleum wax-free chewing gum containing special noncariogenic oligosaccharides, sweeteners, and flavors is described. The noncariogenic oligosaccharides are preferably low calorie and act as binders when formulated into the wax-free chewing gums. The binder systems used contain at least 35 weight percent of the binder system as noncariogenic oligosaccharides, preferably including at least one from the group including polydextrose, fructooligosaccharides, indigestible dextrins, oligofructose, isomaltulose oligosaccharides, guar gum hydrolysates, hydrolyzed alginates, and hydrolyzed alkaloses, each noncariogenic oligosaccharide having an average Degree of Polymerization (DP) of at least 3, and preferably from 3 to about 50.
TL;DR: In this article, changes in rheological properties, as measured by viscosity, of two galactomannans (guar gum and locust bean gum) and two acidic polysaccharides (gum tragacanth and gum karaya) were studied at a range of irradiation doses <10 kGy.
TL;DR: The effect of a gel-forming dietary fiber, guar gum (15 g/day) on blood pressure, climacteric symptoms, serum hormones, serum hormone levels and on blood glucose and serum lipids was studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial involving 30 menopausal women.
Abstract: The effect of a gel-forming dietary fiber, guar gum (15 g/day) on blood pressure, climacteric symptoms, serum hormones (estrone, estradiol, testosterone, androstenedione, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) and on blood glucose and serum lipids (cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides) was studied in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial involving 30 menopausal women. A total of 15 women (Group A) were treated with guar gum and 15 (Group B) with placebo, for 6 months. Patients visited the doctor at the beginning of the study and after 3 and 6 months of treatment. Climacteric symptoms decreased significantly (p < 0.001) in both groups. Serum total cholesterol decreased by 5% in the guar gum group but this was not statistically significant. No changes in serum hormone levels or in other lipid and blood glucose levels were observed in either group. Body weight and blood pressure also did not change.
TL;DR: Male rats were fed the non-starch polysaccharides pectin, methylcellulose or guar gum with corn oil or with 60% of the corn oil replaced by fish oil with or without cholesterol and plasma total cholesterol concentration was higher overall in rats fed cholesterol and lower in those fed fish oil or fish oil + cholesterol.
Abstract: Male rats were fed the non-starch polysaccharides pectin, methylcellulose or guar gum with corn oil or with 60% of the corn oil replaced by fish oil. They were also fed these diets with or without cholesterol (+ cholic acid). Plasma total cholesterol concentration was higher overall in rats fed cholesterol and lower in those fed fish oil or fish oil + cholesterol. Plasma triacylglycerols were lower in rats fed fish oil with or without cholesterol. Hepatic LDL receptor activity was higher overall in rats fed fish oil or fish oil + cholesterol than in those fed cholesterol. Liver HDL receptor was lower overall in rats fed fish oil or cholesterol. Type of non-starch polysaccharide influenced these dietary effects so that in cholesterol-fed rats plasma cholesterol was highest in those fed methylcellulose, intermediate in those fed guar gum and in those fed pectin was unchanged from concentrations in rats fed pectin without cholesterol. Fish oil feeding lowered plasma cholesterol concentration in rats fed pectin or methylcellulose but not in those fed guar gum. Plasma triacylglycerols were lower in rats fed fish oil and all three non-starch polysaccharides, but concentrations were similar in rats fed pectin + fish oil + cholesterol and in those fed pectin. In rats fed methylcellulose + cholesterol and any non-starch polysaccharide + fish oils, HDL receptor activity was uniformly lower than in rats fed pectin, methylcellulose or guar gum. Low density lipoprotein receptor activity was higher in rats fed pectin + fish oil or pectin + fish oil + cholesterol than in rats fed pectin.
Patent•
03 Dec 1993
TL;DR: A coated chewing gum product comprises a gum pellet coated with a coating comprising a natural carbohydrate gum hydrolyzate material, preferably a material selected from the group consisting of guar gum, locust bean gum, and karaya gum hydroxide.
Abstract: A coated chewing gum product comprises a gum pellet coated with a coating comprising a natural carbohydrate gum hydrolyzate material, preferably a material selected from the group consisting of guar gum hydrolyzate, locust bean gum hydrolyzate and karaya gum hydrolyzate.
TL;DR: In this paper, the grafting of poly(acrylonitrile) onto guar gum in aqueous medium initiated by the K 2 S 2 O 8 /ascorbic acid redox system has been studied gravimetrically at the temperature of 35+0.2°C in the presence of atmospheric oxygen.
Abstract: The grafting of poly(acrylonitrile) onto guar gum in aqueous medium initiated by the K 2 S 2 O 8 /ascorbic acid redox system has been studied gravimetrically at the temperature of 35+0.2°C in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. A plausible mechanism of graft copolymerization has been suggested on the basis of experimental results. The effect of grafting on the water and saline retention capacities has been studied and compared with the values obtained for ungrafted guar gum
TL;DR: Gakkaishi et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated the influence of partially hydrolyzed guar gum on blood glucose and lipid levels in healthy humans, and found that guar enzymes give a solution of lower viscosity than intact guar gums.
Abstract: NipPon Eiyo Shokuryo Gakkaishi (J. Jpn. Soc. Nutr. Food Sci.) 46, 199~203 (1993) Guar gum, a water-soluble polysaccharide, has various physiological effects as a dietary fiber. Guar gum partially hydrolyzed enzymatically gives a solution of lower viscosity than intact guar gum. In this study, we investigated the influence of partially hydrolyzed guar gum on blood glucose and lipid levels in healthy humans. A glucose tolerance test was performed by giving 15g of partially hydrolyzed guar gum dissolved in 150ml of water and 75g of glucose dissolved in 200ml of water to each of five healthy volunteers. Ingestion of partially hydrolyzed guar gum tended to suppress the increases in both blood glucose and insulin, and there were significant mean suppressions (P<0.05) of glucose and insulin levels at 60min and 90min after glucose administration, respectively. However, there was no delay in the glucose level peak time. In a lipid tolerance test, each of six healthy volunteers was given an omelette prepared from 50g butter and five eggs, followed by 15g of partially hydrolyzed guar gum dissolved in 150ml of water. Blood total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL and phospholipid tended to be reduced by the intake of partially hydrolyzed guar gum. The levels of some of these lipids were significantly decreased at various times after the intake of partially hydrolyzed guar gum.
Patent•
20 Dec 1993TL;DR: In this article, an ingestible laxative composition comprising specified amounts of dioctyl sulfosuccinate and bulk fiber selected from the group consisting of psyllium, methylcellulose, polycarbophil, calcium poly carbohydrate, bran, malt soup extract, karaya, guar gum, and mixtures thereof is described.
Abstract: An ingestible laxative composition comprising specified amounts of dioctyl sulfosuccinate and bulk fiber selected from the group consisting of psyllium, methylcellulose, polycarbophil, calcium polycarbophil, bran, malt soup extract, karaya, guar gum, and mixtures thereof, preferably in single dose form, is described.
Patent•
25 Oct 1993
TL;DR: In this article, a stabilizer composition enabling the production of a pourable aerated dairy dessert having a shelf-life of at least three weeks without significant sagging or demixing is described.
Abstract: The invention concerns a stabilizer composition enabling the production of a pourable aerated dairy dessert having a shelf-life of at least three weeks without significant sagging or demixing, characterized in that it comprises 10 to 30 % by weight of guar gum, 5 to 20 % by weight of carrageenan and/or xanthan gum and 60 to 80 % by weight of an emulsifier selected from mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, lactic or citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, sorbitan mono- or tristearate and lecithins.
Patent•
27 Jan 1993
TL;DR: In this article, a process for reducing the viscosity of a partially hydrated natural carbohydrate gum, e.g., guar gum, locust bean gum, and gum karaya, through a controlled acid hydrolysis thereof at a temperature between about 35 °C and about 100 °C.
Abstract: This invention pertains to a process for reducing the viscosity of a hydrolyzable partially hydrated natural carbohydrate gum, e.g., guar gum, locust bean gum, and gum karaya, through a controlled acid hydrolysis thereof at a temperature between about 35 °C and about 100 °C.
TL;DR: The effect on oro-caecal transit time of addition of soluble (guar gum) and insoluble (wheat bran) fibre to diets fed to seven healthy dogs at levels that have been shown to reduce post-prandial hyperglycaemia was assessed.
Abstract: The effect on oro-caecal transit time of addition of soluble (guar gum) and insoluble (wheat bran) fibre to diets fed to seven healthy dogs at levels that have been shown to reduce post-prandial hyperglycaemia was assessed. Oro-caecal transit time was measured by sequential analysis of exhaled breath hydrogen levels. Median oro-caecal transit times were 105 min (range: 45 to 135), 113 min (range: 53 to 203) and 105 min (range: 75 to 195) after administration of a 770 g standard meal of canned food alone, or with the addition of 7.7 g wheat bran or guar gum, respectively. There was no significant difference between the oro-caecal transit times (p = 0.964) for the different diets when the results for all the dogs were pooled. The difference between diets was statistically significant for both maximal post-prandial hyperglycaemia (p = 0.035) and area of post-prandial hyperglycaemia under the post-prandial glucose curve (p = 0.006).
TL;DR: In this paper, the gamma-radiation induced grafting of acrylonitrile onto guar gum, the influence of different concentration of the monomer ACR on the PAN add-on, the number average molecular weight of the PAN side chains, and the grafting frequency of the side chains are reported.
Abstract: In the gamma-radiation induced grafting of acrylonitrile onto guar gum, the influence of different concentration of the monomer acrylonitrile on the PAN add-on, the number average molecular weight of the PAN side chains, and the grafting frequency of the PAN side chains are reported. At 0.3 Mard dosage, the PAN add-on were 32.4, 48.5, and 66.2% and the number average molecular weight of the PAN side chains were 59,700, 132,200, and 238,900, respectively, at three different reaction conditions. The frequency of grafting also showed considerable variation at 0.2 Mrad dosage, for all three sets of samples. The viscosity of the aqueous dispersions of the saponified samples at different concentrations are also reported. The water absorbency of the saponified samples were evaluated and the values were around 250 g/g. The fall in viscosity of the aqueous dispersions on storage were also evaluated. The observed fall in viscosity was lower in the case of the product with higher PAN content. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
TL;DR: Fifteen Leghorn pullets were assigned to each of four experimental diets: basal layer ration or basal ration containing 30% oat bran, 3% cotton seed hulls or 0.5% guar gum from 19 to 25 wk of age, lowering effects on early production parameters.
Abstract: Fifteen Leghorn pullets were assigned to each of four experimental diets: basal layer ration or basal ration containing 30% oat bran, 3% cotton seed hulls or 0.5% guar gum from 19 to 25 wk of age. Inclusion of oat bran and cotton seed hulls lowered (P 0.05) effects on early production parameters. Key words: Chicken, egg, cholesterol, cotton seed hulls, oat bran, guar gum
Patent•
27 Oct 1993
TL;DR: A water-soluble organic solvent of 5 to 40% by weight and at least water are included, and the viscosity of the ink is 1000 0 ~ 150,000cps (E type viscometer ST rotor, 1 rpm, 25 ° C).
Abstract: (57) [Summary] [Structure] 5-20% by weight of pearl pigment, thickening water-soluble resin such as seed polysaccharide guar gum, locust bean gum and its derivatives, and microbial sanzan gum, and glycol, chryserine, etc A water-soluble organic solvent of 5 to 40% by weight and at least water are included, and the viscosity of the ink is 1000 0 ~ 150,000cps (E type viscometer ST rotor, 1 rpm, 25 ° C) [Effect] It gives a clear handwriting with a metallic luster color, and is stable over long-term storage without deterioration of the ink and with time
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of the polysaccharides iota-carrageenan, xanthan and guar gum on the sensory quality of low-fat sausages was analyzed by conventional sensory profiling.