Showing papers on "Guar gum published in 2013"
TL;DR: Dietary fibers have specific and unique impacts on intestinal microbiota composition and metabolism and provide a rationale for the development of functional ingredients targeted towards a targeted modulation of the gut microbiota.
212 citations
TL;DR: The present work emphasizes on the synthesis of cationic guar gum (CGG) by the introduction of quaternary amine groups onto the backbone of guar Gum (GG) from N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (CHPTAC).
136 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, several hydrocolloids with distinct water binding capacity (locust bean gum (LBG), guar gum, konjac glucomannan (KG), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and xanthan gum), were added to systems with 4 and 20% (v/v dry based) broccoli particles, and the effect of this addition on dough rheology, mechanical properties and structure of cooked noodles was investigated.
113 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a feasibility study was performed on using xanthan gum and guar gum, two biopolymers that are naturally occurring and inexpensive, to stabilize mine tailings (MT).
Abstract: A feasibility study was performed on using xanthan gum and guar gum, two biopolymers that are naturally occurring and inexpensive, to stabilize mine tailings (MT). The simple fall cone method was adopted to evaluate the liquid limit and undrained shear strength of sun-dried MT mixed with xanthan gum or guar gum solutions at different concentrations. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) imaging was also conducted to study the microstructure of the biopolymer-MT system. The results indicate that the inclusion of xanthan gum or guar gum increases both the liquid limit and the undrained shear strength of the MT, higher biopolymer concentrations leading to greater increases. The increase of the liquid limit and undrained shear strength of the MT mixed with a biopolymer solution is mainly attributable to the high viscosity of the biopolymer pore fluid and the bonding between the biopolymer and the MT particles. Guar gum is more effective than xanthan gum in increasing the liquid limit and u...
108 citations
TL;DR: Both the in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that the developed in situ gelling formulations containing PM with an XG-GG combination had a better ability to retain the drug than PM itself.
87 citations
TL;DR: The modification of guar gum through microwave irradiation by varying the time of irradiation revealed that such modified product has potential applications in colonic drug delivery system.
83 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the physicochemical and functional characteristics of mesquite seeds were investigated and compared with the characteristics of a commercial GM, and the mesquite gum was extracted with water at room temperature, and its physicochemical parameters, thermal constants and functional properties were determined.
78 citations
TL;DR: Guar gum hydrolyzate modified with n-octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) and oleic acid having induced hydrophobicity has the potential to replace gum Arabic for encapsulation of mint oil, according to the results.
64 citations
TL;DR: It is concluded that the filtration process is responsible for molecular disentanglement, as well as disaggregation, which leads to improved electrospun galactomannan fiber morphology.
62 citations
TL;DR: The results indicate that the burst release effect of DS drug was eliminated due to the incorporation of APT, and the DS cumulative release was clearly decreased with increasing the APT content.
Abstract: A novel guar gum-g-poly (acrylic acid)/attapulgite/sodium alginate (GG-g-PAA/APT/SA) composite hydrogel bead with excellent pH sensitivity was prepared via a facile ionic gelation approach and characterized by FTIR and SEM techniques. The effect of APT content on the encapsulation efficiency (EE), swelling ratio, and drug release behaviors of the beads was investigated and the in-vitro release kinetics were also evaluated using diclofenac sodium (DS) as the model drug. The results indicate that the burst release effect of DS drug was eliminated due to the incorporation of APT, and the DS cumulative release was clearly decreased with increasing the APT content.
61 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a rotational viscometer prototype was built in laboratory and its simplicity consist of the capability to directly measure a voltage, correlated with the absorbed current, instead of a derived torque and rotation speed measurements of the cylinder probe.
TL;DR: In this article, the rheological characterisation of chestnut flour doughs with chia flour at 4.0g/100g flour basis and a hydrocolloid (guar gum, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) or tragacanth gum) at different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 1.b.) was carried out at 30°C using a controlled stress rheometer.
Abstract: The rheological characterisation of chestnut flour doughs with chia flour at 4.0 g/100 g flour basis and a hydrocolloid (guar gum, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) or tragacanth gum) at different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 g/100 g, f.b.) was carried out at 30 °C using a controlled stress rheometer. Previously, the mixing behaviour was determined using Mixolab® apparatus. Measurements of shear (0.01–10 s−1), oscillatory (1–100 rad s−1 at 0.1% strain), creep-recovery (loading of 50 Pa for 60 s) and temperature sweep (30–100 °C) were performed. The simultaneous presence of chia and hydrocolloids modified significantly the rheological properties of doughs. Apparent viscosity at constant shear rate and storage and loss moduli at constant angular frequency decreased with increasing hydrocolloid content, except for tragacanth gum which loss modulus exhibited a reverse trend. Creep-recovery data showed that doughs elasticity improved with the presence of guar (65.9%), HPMC (64.8%) or tragacanth (45.8%) at 1.0, 2.0 and 1.0 (g/100 g, f.b.), respectively. Flow curves, mechanical spectra and creep-recovery curves obtained experimentally were satisfactorily fitted using Cross, power and Burgers models, respectively. Gelatinization temperatures decreased with increasing additive content for all systems.
TL;DR: Guar seed and gum yield support the hypothesis that the Southern European Mediterranean environment is a potentially valuable area for guar cultivation.
TL;DR: The nanobiomaterial was observed to promote wound closure by inducing proliferation and migration of the keratinocytes at the wound site by exerting positive effects because of their antimicrobial properties.
Abstract: Wound healing is an innate physiological response that helps restore cellular and anatomic continuity of a tissue. Selective biodegradable and biocompatible polymer materials have provided useful scaffolds for wound healing and assisted cellular messaging. In the present study, guar gum, a polymeric galactomannan, was intrinsically modified to a new cationic biopolymer guar gum alkylamine (GGAA) for wound healing applications. Biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (Agnp) were further impregnated in GGAA for extended evaluations in punch wound models in rodents. SEM studies showed silver nanoparticles well dispersed in the new guar matrix with a particle size of ~18 nm. In wound healing experiments, faster healing and improved cosmetic appearance were observed in the new nanobiomaterial treated group compared to commercially available silver alginate cream. The total protein, DNA, and hydroxyproline contents of the wound tissues were also significantly higher in the treated group as compared with the silver alginate cream (). Silver nanoparticles exerted positive effects because of their antimicrobial properties. The nanobiomaterial was observed to promote wound closure by inducing proliferation and migration of the keratinocytes at the wound site. The derivatized guar gum matrix additionally provided a hydrated surface necessary for cell proliferation.
TL;DR: Radiation processing at lower doses for improving mechanical and barrier properties of guar based packaging films is demonstrated here for the first time.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the AM content of the starch was a greater determinant of pasting, paste, and gel properties than was the added hydrocolloid at the 19:1 (w/w) starch-hydrocolloids ratio used.
TL;DR: In this article, the presence of guar gum had a significant impact on the thermal properties of chestnut flour and its starch, and the results indicated that the existence of a second transition in chestnut starch systems can be successfully explained by means of hydrocolloid-starch interactions.
TL;DR: In this article, the application of bioproducts produced by plants (locust bean, guar, and mesquite seed gums) to enhance remediation processes of different nature: soil washing and biodegradation methodologies.
Abstract: This paper addresses the application of bioproducts produced by plants (locust bean, guar, and mesquite seed gums) to enhance remediation processes of different nature: soil washing and biodegradation methodologies. These natural gums were tested at laboratory scale to remove total petroleum hydrocarbons-diesel fraction (TPH-diesel) from oil-contaminated volcanic soils sampled from a polluted site in an agricultural area of western Mexico. TPH-diesel removal by natural gums was compared to common synthetic surfactants. There is a strong evidence of contamination caused by the presence of TPH-diesel at a concentration of 32,100 mg/kg, which is above the legal limit of 1,200 mg/kg for agricultural soils in Mexico. Regarding the surfactant soil washing experiments, ionic surfactants showed removal rates above the control test of about 78.51 % (Maranil LAB), 71.27 % (Texapon 40), 60.13 % (SDS), and 48.19 % (Surfacpol G). In contrast, some nonionic surfactants showed removal rates below soil-washing background rate (40 %). On the other hand, natural gums showed interesting and promising results. Guar gum and locust bean gum showed efficiencies of 54.38 % and 53.46 %, respectively. Biodegradation experiments confirmed the effectiveness of natural gums as biodegradation enhancers in diesel-contaminated soils. Specifically, guar gum showed an excellent performance. An 82 % TPH-diesel removal rate was achieved for a very low gum concentration (2 ppm). In this particular context, reported surfactant concentrations to assist biodegradation are, in general, higher. This work demonstrated the applicability of natural gums as soil remediation enhancers in diesel-contaminated systems. Particularly, guar gum might represent a cost-effective alternative for biodegradation enhancement processes.
TL;DR: A proof for this hypothesis is given by the case of Scleroglucan gel, where the viscous contribution is not so significant and a good agreement between the rheological and release test approaches was found.
Abstract: Guar gum (GG) and Guar gum/borax (GGb) hydrogels are studied by means of rheology, Low Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (LF NMR) and model drug release tests. These three approaches are used to estimate the mesh size (!) of the polymeric network. A comparison with similar Scleroglucan systems is carried out. In the case of GGb, the rheolog- ical and Low Field NMR estimations of ! lead to comparable results, while the drug release approach seems to underesti- mate !. Such discrepancy is attributed to the viscous effect of some polymeric chains that, although bound to the network to one end, can freely fluctuate among meshes. The viscous drag exerted by these chains slows down drug diffusion through the polymeric network. A proof for this hypothesis is given by the case of Scleroglucan gel, where the viscous contribution is not so significant and a good agreement between the rheological and release test approaches was found.
TL;DR: Guar gum is a gallactomannan which is composed of galactose and mannose in a ratio of 1:2 that provides the main physical phenomenon of gelling or thickening to this gum.
Abstract: Naturally occurring excipients are currently getting prime importance among which the polysaccharides occupy a special positi on because of their easy availability, non - toxic, eco - frien d ly and biodegradable nature. The objecti ve of this review was to explore the excipient profile of Guar gum which is obtained from Cyamopsis tetragonolobus (Linn. Leguminosae). The chief constituent of guar gum is a Gallactomannan which is composed of galactose and mannose in a ratio of 1:2 that provides the main physical phenomenon of gelling or thickening to this gum . The chemistry of this gallactomannan suggested the presence of multiple hydroxyl groups which are proved to be excellent for derivatiz ation by grafting or cross - linking with other polymers to create new chemically modified entity of desired properties. The native as well as guar gum derivatives are found to have therapeutic importance in certain physiological di sorders . Guar gum is used as suspending, emulsifying and stabilizing age nt in the conventional dosage forms. In tablet dosage form it is used as a potential binding and disintegrating agent. The swelling property of guar gum is used for controlling the drug release rate in the novel pharmaceutical dosage forms. By virtue of it s better thickening and stabilizing power accompanied by a sound safety profile, guar gum has acquired a wide acceptance in cosmetics and food industry .
TL;DR: In this article, the viability of using guar gum to form films was investigated along with the effectiveness of the cross-linking process employing 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) as the crosslinking agent.
Abstract: In this study the viability of using guar gum to form films was investigated along with the effectiveness of the cross-linking process employing 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) as the cross-linking agent. In addition, the cross-linked films were evaluated considering the water absorption, thermal stability and mechanical properties. The cross-linking process of guar gum films was confirmed by the low solubility in water and through infrared analysis. The results shown that the properties evaluated were affected by the cross-linking process due to changes in the polysaccharide structure. For example, the swelling behavior and water vapor absorption decreased with an increase in the amount of EDC. The EDC content (10-30%) also affected the polymer structure and hydrogen bond formation, reducing the thermal stability of the system.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used guar gum (G, linear polymer) and its two derivatives, nonionic hydroxypropyl guar Gum (HG, branched polymer) as flocculants and bentonite as colloidal particles to find an efficient flocculation system.
TL;DR: It was confirmed to be a true endo-acting β-1,4-mannanase, which showed requirement of four mannose residues for hydrolysis, and was also capable of catalyzing transglycosylation reactions, which make RmMan5A highly useful in the food/feed, paper and pulp, and detergent industries.
Abstract: An endo-1,4-β-mannanase gene (RmMan5A) was cloned from the thermophilic fungus Rhizomucor miehei for the first time and expressed in Escherichia coli The gene had an open reading frame of 1330 bp encoding 378 amino acids and contained four introns It displayed the highest amino acid sequence identity (42%) with the endo-1,4-β-mannanases from glycoside hydrolase family 5 The purified enzyme was a monomer of 43 kDa RmMan5A displayed maximum activity at 55 °C and an optimal pH of 70 It was thermostable up to 55 °C and alkali-tolerant, displaying excellent stability over a broad pH range of 40–100, when incubated for 30 min without substrate The enzyme displayed the highest specificity for locust bean gum (Km = 378 mg mL–1), followed by guar gum (Km = 775 mg mL–1) and konjac powder (Km = 227 mg mL–1) RmMan5A hydrolyzed locust bean gum and konjac powder yielding mannobiose, mannotriose, and a mixture of various mannose-linked oligosaccharides It was confirmed to be a true endo-acting β-1,4-mannan
TL;DR: In this article, the composition of a blend of inulin, pectin and guar gum was optimized to enrich the fibre content of partially baked frozen bread without impairing its technological quality.
TL;DR: The effects of hydrocolloids in rice-wheat flour were studied in this paper, which showed that water absorption, dough development time, dough stability and viscosity all increased with the addition of hydroxolloids alone or in a combination.
TL;DR: Exploratory microbiota data hint at high levels of Bifidobacteria for WD, but require more robust investigation to corroborate these findings.
Abstract: This study investigated the fermentation and microbiota profiles of three fibers, wheat dextrin (WD), partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG), and inulin, since little is known about the effects of WD and PHGG on gut microbiota. A treatment of salivary amylase, pepsin, and pancreatin was used to better physiologic digestion. Fibers (0.5 g) were fermented in triplicate including a control group without fiber for 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. Analysis of pH, gas volume, hydrogen and methane gases, and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were completed at each time point. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus CFUs at 24 h. WD produced the least gas during fermentation at 8, 12, and 24 h (P < 0.0001), while inulin produced the most by 8 h (P < 0.0001). Each fiber reached its lowest pH value at different time points with inulin at 8 h (mean ± SE) (5.94 ± 0.03), PHGG at 12 h (5.98 ± 0.01), and WD at 24 h (6.17 ± 0.03). All fibers had higher total SCFA concentrations compared to the negative control (P < 0.05) at 24 h. At 24 h, inulin produced significantly (P = 0.0016) more butyrate than WD with PHGG being similar to both. An exploratory microbial analysis (log10 CFU/µL) showed WD had CFU for Bifidobacteria (6.12) and Lactobacillus (7.15) compared with the control (4.92 and 6.35, respectively). Rate of gas production is influenced by fiber source and may affect tolerance in vivo. Exploratory microbiota data hint at high levels of Bifidobacteria for WD, but require more robust investigation to corroborate these findings.
TL;DR: By combining medium weight guar gum and whole grain corn flour with an elevated amylose content, the course of glycaemia, insulinaemia and subjective appetite ratings were improved compared to the reference white wheat bread, and the combination beneficially influenced the content of resistant starch.
Abstract: Frequent hyperglycaemia is associated with oxidative stress and subclinical inflammation, and thus increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Possibilities of modulating glycaemia, insulinaemia and perceived satiety for bread products were investigated, with emphasis on the course of glycaemia expressed as a glycaemic profile (defined as the duration of the glucose curve above the fasting concentration divided by the incremental glucose peak). For this purpose white wheat bread was supplemented with whole grain corn flour with an elevated amylose content and different types and levels of guar gum. The bread products were characterised in vitro for release of starch degradation products and content of resistant starch. Fibre related fluidity following enzyme hydrolysis was also studied. By combining medium weight guar gum and whole grain corn flour with an elevated amylose content, the course of glycaemia, insulinaemia and subjective appetite ratings were improved compared to the reference white wheat bread. In addition, the combination beneficially influenced the content of resistant starch. Fluidity measurements showed potential to predict the glycaemic profile.
TL;DR: Development of electrostatic interactions and the van der Waals interactions among the ionic liquid molecules facilitated the formation of reversible noncovalent bonds and eventually activated the self-healing in the gel systems through appropriate chain entanglements.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors formulated flurbiprofen colon targeted compression coated tablets using guar gum to improve the therapeutic efficacy by increasing drug levels in colon, and also to reduce the side effects in upper gastrointestinal tract.
Abstract: The rationale of the present study is to formulate flurbiprofen colon targeted compression coated tablets using guar gum to improve the therapeutic efficacy by increasing drug levels in colon, and also to reduce the side effects in upper gastrointestinal tract. Direct compression method was used to prepare flurbiprofen core tablets, and they were compression coated with guar gum. Then the tablets were optimized with the support of in vitro dissolution studies, and further it was proved by pharmacokinetic studies. The optimized formulation (F4) showed almost complete drug release in the colon (99.86%) within 24 h without drug loss in the initial lag period of 5 h (only 6.84% drug release was observed during this period). The pharmacokinetic estimations proved the capability of guar gum compression coated tablets to achieve colon targeting. The Cmax of colon targeted tablets was 11956.15 ng/mL at Tmax of 10 h whereas it was 15677.52 ng/mL at 3 h in case of immediate release tablets. The area under the curve for the immediate release and compression coated tablets was 40385.78 and 78214.50 ng-h/mL and the mean resident time was 3.49 and 10.78 h, respectively. In conclusion, formulation of guar gum compression coated tablets was appropriate for colon targeting of flurbiprofen.
TL;DR: The objective was to prepare a biopolymer-modified clay nanocomposite using a simple and environmentally friendly method of preparation, whereby pre-treatment of the clay for organic compatibility was bypassed.
Abstract: Polymer-clay nanocomposites are highly sought-after materials, mainly due to their applicability in a variety of avenues. From the standpoint of the preparation of these nanocomposites, however, organic compatibility with clay and adherence to “green chemistry” concepts and principles can be limiting factors. As such, the objective was to prepare a biopolymer-modified clay nanocomposite using a simple and environmentally friendly method of preparation, whereby pre-treatment of the clay for organic compatibility was bypassed. Novel montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared using neutral guar gum and cationic guar gum. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the formation of intercalated structures. A monolayer configuration of cationic guar within the interlayer space was indicated by XRD results, while treatment with neutral guar gum resulted in the observance of both monolayer and bilayer configurations. Additionally, TEM results indicated partial exfoliation. Results attributed from 13C cross polarization/magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CP/MAS NMR) of the nanocomposites indicated peaks corresponding to the guar constituent, confirming the adsorption of the biopolymer. Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-ES) results indicated the exchange of cations present in neutral guar gum with the sodium cations of montmorillonite, in the case of the neutral guar nanocomposites.