Showing papers on "Guidance system published in 1997"

Adaptive ground collision avoidance system

Abstract: A ground collision avoidance system that exhibits improved accuracy and performance by integrating with all other aircraft systems including guidance systems, navigation systems, digital terrain elevation databases, mission computers, and radar altimeters. The ground collision avoidance system fully utilizes active onboard sensors in combination with the knowledge of terrain and obstacle data contained in databases. Furthermore, the ground collision avoidance system provides a multiple processing path to determine numerous predicted flight paths based on a number of reasonable assumptions regarding the aircraft flight during a predetermined amount of time. By using predictive flight path schemes a realistic estimate of the predicted flight path envelope can be determined and then this information can be used in conjunction with accurate terrain elevation databases to determine whether a ground collision condition exists. On the basis of these calculations, appropriate warnings can be provided to the air crew as well as suggested maneuvers to avoid ground collision.

Autonomous landing guidance system

Abstract: An aircraft guidance system uses radar imaging to verify airport and runway location and provide navigation updates. The system is applicable to flight operations in low visibility conditions.

Effect of selected in-vehicle route guidance systems on driver reaction times

Abstract: Experiments were conducted in a fixed-base, high-fidelity simulator to evaluate selected in-vehicle route guidance systems. Drivers navigated a simulated network using five route guidance systems: paper map, head-down turn-by-turn display, head-down electronic route map, head-up turn-by-turn display, and an audio guidance system. The primary measure of driving performance was the reaction time to a scanning task. Other measures included navigation errors, workload, and perception ratings. Censored regression models were developed to study the effect of route guidance type on reaction times. Results indicated that the drivers responded the fastest while using the audio system and the slowest while using the paper map. The head-up turn-by-turn display was associated with lower reaction times compared with an identically designed head-down turn-by-turn display. The head-down electronic map, despite its complexity, performed better than the head-down turn-by-turn display.

Slip modelling and aided inertial navigation of an LHD

Abstract: This paper describes the theoretical development and experimental evaluation of a guidance system for an autonomous load, haul and dump truck (LHD) for use in underground mining. The particular contributions of this paper are in designing the navigation system to be able to cope with vehicle slip in rough uneven terrain using information from an inertial navigation system (INS) and a bearing only laser. Results are presented using data obtained during field trials.

Effect of in-vehicle route guidance systems on driver workload and choice of vehicle speed: findings from a driving simulator experiment

Abstract: This chapter explores how the characteristics of route guidance systems affect the attentional demand and efficiency of the driving task. Route guidance information may be presented using visual displays, audio messages, or both. Most of the information needed for the driving task is obtained visually, so it has been argued that audio route guidance systems will lead to less distraction from the driving task. The information provided in the messages should probably be limited to turn street name, distance/number of blocks to the turn, and the direction of turn. A common limitation of previous research was that they did not include head-up displays. Electronic maps are included as a common component in all electronic systems because of a desire to test the performance of displays in combination. Analysis of variance models were developed for mean speed over a decision segment. A decision segment was defined as the roadway segment between two consecutive turns.

Modeling and control of an autonomous underwater shuttle for the transport of benthic laboratories

Abstract: This paper describes the design of the control and guidance systems of SIRENE, an autonomous underwater shuttle for the transport and accurate positioning of benthic laboratories on the seabed down a depth of 6000 meters. The paper introduces the nonlinear hydrodynamic model of the vehicle and derives a class of sliding mode control laws for vehicle stabilization and steering in the vertical and horizontal planes. The control algorithms are combined with a classical line-of-sight guidance law, and the performance of the resulting system is evaluated in a computer based simulation of a realistic mission scenario.

Proximity indicator display

Abstract: A display system for use with a route guidance system includes a display displaying a proximity indicator. The proximity indicator generally comprises a bar graph which is reduced in size as the vehicle approaches the next maneuver recommended by the route guidance system. Later, the reduced bar graph changes color and flashes to signal the impending turn.

Perspectives on Driver Preferences for Dynamic Route Guidance Systems

Abstract: Insights about the design of route guidance systems based on the needs and desires of drivers who are familiar with the travel network are provided. Results from the ADVANCE Intelligent Transportation System operational test, in which more than 100 drivers used vehicles equipped with dynamic route guidance systems for 2-week periods, suggest that such drivers value real-time traffic information, and they want to incorporate their own knowledge and perspectives into the development of route plans, which they expect to be superior to those prepared by the navigation computer. This suggests that future route guidance systems likely to be targeted at familiar drivers should be based on a sharing of tasks between computer and driver that takes greater advantage of driver knowledge than that considered in current designs. Specifically, the driver should be able to take more responsibility for route planning, with the computer responsible mainly for traffic congestion data acquisition, organization and storage, and evaluation of driver-defined routes.

Real-Time Multiple-Objective Path Search for In-Vehicle Route Guidance Systems

Abstract: The application of multiple-objective route choice for in-vehicle route guidance systems is discussed. A bi-objective path search algorithm is presented and its use demonstrated. A concept of trip quality is introduced that is composed of two objectives: minimizing travel time and minimizing trip complexity. Trade-offs between the objectives are examined. The concept is illustrated through simulation modeling on a test network. The experiments serve to demonstrate the effects on the trip performance of pretrip routing and dynamic routing strategies under full market penetration (an idealized condition) and under varying levels of demand and trade-offs between time and complexity.

An assessment of moving map and symbol-based route guidance systems

Abstract: This paper reports on two field studies designed to evaluate the man- machine interfaces (MMIs) of three existing route guidance systems. Both studies had the following goals: to provide generic recommendations/ guidelines for the design of MMIs to route guidance systems, and to establish the critical issues of concern for such systems so that controlled experiments could then be conducted in the future.

A guidance system for air-to-air missiles

Abstract: A method and system for providing navigational data required to guide an air-to-air missile to a target. The missile is equipped either with an infrared seeking sensor or a radar system. The trajectory of the target is predicted on the basis of a series of location measurements. A flight path of the missile is predicted such that the missile will intercept the target. Based on the predicted missile flight path, signals corresponding to the required rotational angle of the missile's sensor or radar antenna are generated and supplied to the sensor or radar's rotation control unit to cause the missile to move along the predicted flight path.

Route guidance system and method for use in vehicle navigation

Abstract: A method and apparatus which are suitable for providing route guidance to a user of a vehicle navigation system. A route is generated which corresponds to a plurality of manoeuvres. A warning distance is determined from a particular geographic location associated with a particular manoeuvre, the warning distance being based in part on a variable parameter. A manoeuvre instruction corresponding to the particular manoeuvre is then provided at the warning distance from the particular geographic location. In some embodiments, where the particular manoeuvre corresponds to a first junction, and a second junction similar to the first junction is within the warning distance, the warning distance is adjusted to an adjusted warning distance.

Airport guidance system, in particular airport surface movement guidance and control system

Abstract: The invention relates to an airport surface movement guidance and control system (SMGCS) involving detection, integrated processing and graphic representation of the relevant, in particular with respect to safety, positions and movements of aeroplanes and, optionally, vehicles on the runway, taxiways and the apron and in the relevant control zone (CTR), detection being performed by at least one radar in the period between flight movement and stopping in the parking position. The relevant data, which are concentrated, are shown on a monitor of at least one controller in the form of an image and/or characters or numbers so that operational guidance of surface movement can be prepared and performed.

Mass transportation passenger guidance system

Abstract: Device for guiding flows of individuals in mass transportation systems, containing at least the following components: A) a guidance system in embarking and disembarking areas interacting with at least one of the following devices: a) a guidance system in the means of transportation, b) a blocking device between the embarking/disembarking areas and the means of transportation.

Method and apparatus for directing a pursuing vehicle to a target with intelligent evasion capabilities

Abstract: A method and apparatus for directing a pursuing vehicle, such as a torpedo, on an intercept trajectory from a launching vehicle to a target vehicle th evasion capabilities. Models of the pursuing vehicle and evading target provide proposed trajectories based upon various environmental considerations. A guidance system uses estimates of initial operating parameter solutions, such as gyro angle, alertment time and intercept time, to begin a convergent, iterative process that defines final operating parameter solutions from which the guidance parameters are determined and transferred to the pursuing vehicle at launch. During each iteration, the solution determines an alertment time and an alertment bearing from the target vehicle to the pursuing vehicle at the alertment time. A selected evasive strategy includes a turn that is calculated relative to the alertment bearing.

Fly over homing guidance for fire and forget missile systems

Abstract: The fly over homing guidance system for terminal homing missile guidance is fire and forget missile guidance method wherein on board target sensing tracks the target and guides the missile to the target, but instead of being guided to a direct impact as is conventionally done, the missile is guided toward a precise distance over the top of the target, intentionally avoiding impact. A second sensor on the missile detects the leading edge of the target, such as the turret of a tank. The warhead is then fired down onto the top of the target as the missile is guided or directed over it. Further, the shot line of the warhead is substantially perpendicular to the top of the target, maximizing lethality. This allows the use of the same angle of attack and warhead for all modes of target engagement and thus maintains high lethality for every firing scenario.

Automatic versus interactive vehicle navigation aids

Abstract: The two experiments described in this paper compare the quality of driving with different route guidance systems using a common experimental technique that has been found to be reliable and sensitive to task/system manipulations. The two experiments used a paradigm involving open road driving in an instrumented vehicle equipped with video cameras and a data acquisition system. The task in the first experiment compared two different types of navigation aids. The second experiment was designed to delineate the factors confounded in the first study. The results of the experiments reaffirm the sensitivity and reliability of the Quality of Driving (QOD) technique for evaluating the safety of Transport Information and Control Systems (TICS). The data were used to compare features of navigation system interfaces in terms of their support of drivers' needs for guidance and contribution to safe driving.

Information guidance system

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an information guidance system that detects a current position of a mobile station, so as to provide guidance information in response to a current position. SOLUTION: Base stations 2 1 -2 3 make radio communication with a mobile station 1 in an area. An exchange 3 connects to pluralities of the base stations 2 1 -2 3 and an information guidance center 4 via a channel 6. A detection means 14(24) is provided to the mobile station 1 (each of the base stations 2 1 -2 3 ) and detects an electric field strength or a delay time of a radio wave signal sent/ received between the mobile station 1 and each of the base stations 2 1 -2 3 . A notice means 15(25) sends a detection result of the detection means 14(24) to the information guide center 4 via the exchange 3. An analysis-processing means 42 in the information guidance center 4 obtains a current position of the mobile station 1, based on the result of detection of the detection means 14, 24 received by a communication means 41 and allows the communication means 41 to send the guidance information, in response to the current position to the mobile station 1. COPYRIGHT: (C)1998,JPO

Integrated swath guidance system

Abstract: An integrated guidance system for use in swath guidance applications combines the display of swath navigation information with swath guidance system information. A processor receives information from an external positioning system such as a Global Positioning System receiver and generates course correction data derived from swath parameters selected by the user from a displayed menu of options using a control interface that is integrated with the display and processor or is located externally. The swath navigation information is displayed graphically and numerically. The entire apparatus is compact and mountable within the operative view of the user as he operates the equipment to be guided, thereby reducing hazard and navigational error.

Guidance device for vehicle and guidance system for vehicle

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To appropriately guide a route corresponding to a fault state when a vehicle fault is generated SOLUTION: The fault state detected by a diagnostic device 24 on a vehicle side is sent to an information center 50 In the information center 50, a dealer capable of repairing the fault is retrieved and the route to the dealer is calculated The route is sent to a vehicle and used for route guidance As the route to the dealer, based on inhibited matters requested in traveling under the detected fault state, a fault adaptive route capable of keeping the inhibited matters is set By following guidance using the fault adaptive route, a user easily travels the vehicle by the appropriate way of traveling corresponding to the fault state

Design guidelines for route guidance systems: development process and an empirical example for timing of guidance instructions

Abstract: This paper looks at the issue of how information should be presented to drivers, and develops design guidelines in four intelligent vehicle highway systems (IVHS) application areas. The first half of the paper describes the process used for the development of guidelines in one area, route guidance and navigation. It reviews existing guidelines identifies the main gaps in them, and looks at the development of new guidelines. A hierarchical structure of human factors design issues is developed as a framework on which to present results throughout the project. The second half of the paper describes an example of empirical work conducted to develop new guidelines for one of these design issues. The study described aims to develop prescriptive guidelines for the timing of guidance instructions.

Guidance system for public transport vehicle

Abstract: The guidance system makes use of coded markings (16) that are detected optically. The markings are on the roadway. The markings are read and analysed by a device fitted to the vehicle. The vehicle is also fitted with lateral arms that displace the steering wheels of the vehicle if the arms make contact with a lateral guide wall (18,20). The vehicle can be operated with one or both modes of guidance depending allowing use of the more suitable mode at different points of the route.

Performance analysis of lateral guidance system for dual mode truck

Abstract: This paper describes a computer simulation study on performance of lateral guidance system for dual mode truck. A stability limit of vehicle lateral motion is analyzed by using 9 DOF vehicle dynamic model. Relations between DMT steering system and stability limit are shown. Experiments with actual dual mode truck is carried out to show the effectiveness of the simulation study. Both the simulation study and experiment show that lateral guidance with one side guide rail causes unstable vehicle motion. It is shown that the unstable motion can be suppressed by cutting off the power steering equipment in the guideway.

Guidance for missle systems with target tracker and additional manual track point correction

Abstract: A guidance method for guidance systems is disclosed. The method includes forming a target track point with a target tracker. The method corrects the track point with a manual correction signal. A speed of rotation of the line of sight is determined with the target tracker. A track control system dynamic model is provided for forming an estimated value for the rotation speed of the line of sight. The estimated value for the rotation speed of the line of sight is formed from the determined speed of rotation of a line of sight corrected with a correction value generated with the dynamic model of the track control circuit based on the manual correction signal. The estimated value of the speed of rotation of the line of sight is then used for guidance.

Body fixed terminal guidance system for a missile

Abstract: A guidance system (30) for a missile comprising a sensor (20) mounted on the missile and having a fixed line-of-sight relative thereto. The body fixed sensor (20) provides a first signal representing frames of image data. A processor (40) identifies a target in the frames of image data and provides a second signal representative of the location of the centroid thereof. A conventional tracker (36) follows the target and provides a third signal representative of an aim point of the missile. A controller (44) then changes the velocity vector of the missile in response to the second and third signals. In a specific embodiment, the body fixed sensor (20) provides first and second frames of image data. The system (32, 34) subtracts the first and second frames of image data and ascertains a growth center of the target. The processor (40) compares the image growth center to the aim point and provides an error signal in response thereto. The controller (44) then changes the velocity vector of the missile as necessary to maintain the error signal within a predetermined value. The processor (40) also provides an estimate of missile travel time to the target. When the travel time to target drops below a predetermined threshold, terminal guidance is effected by an inertial measurement unit (46).

Simulation modeling of route guidance concept

Abstract: The methodology of a simulation model developed at the University of New South Wales, Australia, for the evaluation of performance of Dynamic Route Guidance Systems (DRGS) is described. The microscopic simulation model adopts the event update simulation method and allows assessment of route guidance performance under different scenarios such as varying levels of participation in guidance technologies and different intensities of travel demand. This research is important for marketing, costing, and introducing route guidance and can assist planners in identifying suitable networks and traffic conditions for such systems. The example application investigates selected operating scenarios of intersection delay conditions under different compositions of participation rates in route guidance. Preliminary investigations indicate that the effectiveness of route guidance is related to the level of intersection delays. An interesting outcome of this application is the identification that in networks with intersection delays which vary with time, those motorists without guidance assistance strive to make better forecasts of travel time in order to assist their route selection. At low levels of intersection delays, some motorists appear to make more than one nonoptimal route selection.