Showing papers on "Gum arabic published in 1988"

Plasma enteroglucagon and small bowel cytokinetics in rats

Abstract: The influence ofdietary fiber on plasma glucagon and enteroglucagon (EG) and on ileal crypt cell production rate(CCPR)was assessed in the rat. A fiber-free semisynthetic diet and diets containing insoluble cellulose, Na-carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), guar gum, pectin, gum arabic, methylcelbubose (MC), and hydroxypropylmethylcellubose (HPMC) at 10 g/lOO g were fed for 14 d. Animals given soluble polysaccharides had plasma EG levels signifi- cantly higher than animals given insoluble cellulose, but only those fed the most viscous gums showed evidence of increased mucosal cell proliferation in the distal ileum. It was concluded that viscous nonfermentable polysaccharide gums stimulate the release of EG in the rat by slowing the absorption of nutrient, whereas the nonviscous polysaccharide gum arabic, or its breakdown products, probably directly stimulate mucosal endocrine cells. The failure of gum arabic to stimulate CCPR despite increased plasma EG indicated that EG alone is not a suffi- cient stimulus for increased mucosal cell proliferation. Am J C/in Nutr l988;47:l004-9.

Partially esterified polysaccharide (pep) fat substitutes

Abstract: Partially esterified oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (PEPs) of the formula [P--O--R) x ] n , where P is a polysaccharide having n=3-50 (preferably 3-10) C 4 -C 8 saccharide units, y is 0-4 (preferably 1 or 2), R is H or a C 3 -C 28 acyl group, and x is the degree of esterification ranging from 1-80 percent. The PEPs are used as indigestible fat substitutes (fat mimetics). They have non-caloric food values, with good organoleptic characteristics, are substantially resistant to intestinal absorption and do not appreciably hydrolyze in the digestive tract. Suitable polysaccharides are preferably selected from xanthan gum, guar gum, gum arabic, aliginates, cellulose hydrolysis products, hydroxypropyl cellulose, starch hydrolysis products, casein, Karaya gum and pectin. C 5 and C 6 oligosaccharides of n=3-10 units are preferred. The polysaccharides are transesterified with fatty acid methyl esters to create PEPs of a degree of esterification determined for each polysaccharide. The physical properties of the resultant PEPs range from a liquid oil, through fats, greases, and ultimately to waxes, and are useful in food formulations and for cooking as they have good mouth feel and characteristics similar to vegetable oils and fats. Being relatively non-absorbable, indigestible, and non-toxic they may be substitued for natural or processed oils and fats, while maintaining low caloric value.

Hyposensitization agent of cedar pollen antigen

Abstract: A novel hyposensitization agent was prepared by covalently attaching a saccharide, e.g. homo- and heteroglycans, for example, starch, amylose, dextran, polysucrose, pullulan, elsinan, curdlan, gum arabic, gum tragacanth, guar gum, xanthan gum carrageenan, pectin, cellulose, glucomannan, chitosan, and lipopolysaccharide, and their derivatives and partial hydrolysates to, a cedar pollen allergen. The hyposensitization agent can be administered to a cedar pollinosis patient without fear of eliciting anaphylaxis and allergy within a shortened hyposensitization period because the hyposensitization agent much more enhances the production of immunoglobulin G and M antibodies which are specific to intact cedar pollen allergen, but extremely reduces the production of immunoglobulin E antibody which is specific to the allergen and responsible for anaphylaxis and allergy.

Method of preparing a carbonated beverage containing aspartame

Abstract: A carbonated beverage is produced which comprises a low-calorie sweetener such as aspartame, and a cold water-soluble natural gum, particularly gum arabic. It is a low calorie beverage which possesses excellent palatability and a reduced tendency to cause dental caries.

Auger electron spectroscopy and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the biocorrosion of copper by gum arabic, bacterial culture supernatant and Pseudomonas atlantica expolymer

Abstract: Thin films (3.4 nm) of copper on germanium substrates were exposed to 10% gum arabic aqueous solution, 1% bacterial culture supernatant (BCS) (aqueous and simulated sea water solutions) and 0.5% Pseudomonas atlantica exopolymer (aqueous and simulated sea water solutions). Pre- and post-exposure characterization were done by Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Ancillary graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to monitor the removal process of the copper thin film from the germanium substrate. Results indicate that the copper was oxidized by the gum arabic and BCS, and some was removed from the Cu/Ge interface by all three polymers and incorporated into the polymer matrix. Thus, biocorrosion of copper was exhibited by the gum arabic, BCS and Pseudomonas atlantica exopolymer.

The amino acid composition and quantitative sugar-amino acid relationships in sequential Smith-degradation products from gum talha (Acacia seyal Del.).

Abstract: Data are presented for the amino acid and sugar compositions of gum talha (tahl), i.e. the exudate from Acacia seyal Del., and for four sequential Smith-degradation (SD) products (0.10, 0.19, 0.38, 1.60 and 2.22% N respectively). Gum talha, which is not permitted as a food additive, is liable to occur as a contaminant of shipments of legitimate gum arabic (Acacia senegal (L.) Willd.). The molar polysaccharide/protein ratio in the whole gum (113:1) decreased to 58:1, 27:1, 5.5:1 and 4:1 in the first, second, third and fourth SD products respectively. From previous studies, SD-IV is known to be a branched galactan; hydroxyproline, aspartic acid, serine, valine, proline, and leucine account jointly for 70% of its amino acids. The first SD eliminated large amounts of sugars (ca 50%, including all of the rhamnose and glucuronic acid present) but only very small amounts of amino acids (molar ratio 807/1). The second and third degradations eliminated all of the arabinose and 99% of the galactose originally present. The very small yield of the final SD product is an established characteristic of dextrorotatory Acacia exudates of the A. seyal type (Bentham's Gummiferae). Overall (four SD stages), 99.7% of the original sugars but only 91.3% of the amino acids were eliminated. Hydroxyproline accounts for ca 25% of the low amino acid content of A. seyal gum and each of its SD products; the proteinaceous enrichment of the branched galactan core also involves aspartic acid, glutamic acid and iso-leucine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

A method of manufacturing jelly products having fibrous texture

Abstract: A method of manufacturing jelly products having fibrous texture resembling fruit pulp, wherein at least a first liquid material adjusted to pH 4.0 or less and containing at least a kind of proteinous material selected from the group consisting of those originating from eggs, milk and soya beans, and a second liquid material containing at least a kind of gum selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, gum arabic and pullulane and at least a kind of gelling agent selected from the group consisting of agar, furcellaran, and carrageenan are separately prepared, then they are mixed at a temperature higher than the gelling temperature of the gelling agents used, and cooled for gelling. An additional liquid material including material derived from fruit and/or vegetable, for example fruit or vegetable juice, can be added to the mixture of said first and second liquid materials in such a manner that said first and second liquid materials are mixed and after fibrous textures are actually formed in the resultant mixture, the additional liquid materials are added to the mixture while it maintains its flowability.

Natural resource management and anti-desertification policy in the Sahel-Sudan zone: A case study of gum arabic

Abstract: The philosophy of sustainable development argues that environmental conservation and economic development are complementary objectives in national economic planning. This contrasts with the more traditional view that development leads to inevitable sacrifies in envitronmental quality. This case study investigates a clear example of complementary in the Sahel-Sudan zone through an analysis of the economics of planting Acacia senegal to produce gum hashab (“gum arabic”). A. senegal has many environmentally benign functions besides producing gum as a cash crop. It is leguminous, stabilises soils, provides fodder and firewood and effevtively provides a ‘buffer’ against desertification. Nonetheless, the gum arabic belt is suffering increased degradation due to drought, population movement and, in the past, wrong economic incentives to farmers. Economic incentives have recently improved and the paper offers a partial cost-benefit analysis of A. senegal production to show that planting can achieve high economic rates of return.

A review of recent trends in selected markets for water-soluble gums (ODNRI Bulletin No. 2)

Abstract: The object of this short bulletin is to provide, mainly for the benefit of existing or potential suppliers, a broad general overview of recent and current trends in the world market for the five main edible water-soluble gums: gum arabic, guar gum, gum tragacanth, gum karaya and locust bean gum (carob bean gum)

Production of seasoned and cooked rice

Abstract: PURPOSE:To industrially obtain retort seasoned cooked rice, by subjecting rice grains to dipping treatment in hot water, applying a seasoning solution having a specific viscosity to the above-mentioned rice grains and subjecting the rice grains to boiling or steaming treatment CONSTITUTION:Rice grains are subjected to dipping treatment in hot water and a seasoning solution, preferably containing gums, eg xanthan gum, locust bean gum, guar gum, gum arabic, etc, having 10-2,000cps viscosity is applied to the rice grains The resultant rice grains are then subjected to boiling or steaming treatment, preferably heat treatment under pressure to afford the aimed seasoned cooked rice

Water-based composition for coating or impregnation and worked product thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a water-based compsn. which enables its viscosity to be widely adjusted and has an excellent water retentivity good bactericidal and deodorizing activities and excellent bonding strength, by mixing a compsn. contg. L-ascorbic acid and iron (II) with vegetable gum. CONSTITUTION:A water-based compsn. is obtd. by mixing a compsn. contg. L-ascorbic acid and an iron (II) compd. with vegetable gum. Examples of the vegetable gum are guar gum, locust bean gum, gum arabic, tragacanth gum, etc. The content of the vegetable gum is 1-2,000wt% (on a solid basis) based on the combined amount of L-ascorbic acid and the iron (II) compd. When a substrate is coated or impregnated with a compsn. having a gum content of lower than 1wt%, no uniform coating film can not be obtd. and powder dropping is caused, while when the gum content is higher than 200wt%, the substrate can not be uniformly coated or impregnated, the concn. of the two- component compsn. is too low and there is difficulty in imparting bactericidal and deodorizing properties. Thus, the compsn. is of no practical use.

Broad-spectrum deodorant composition

Abstract: BROAD-SPECTRUM DEODORANT COMPOSITION A germicidally-active, deodorant composition is comprised of a germicidal-effective amount of a phenol and a deodorizing-effective amount of 2,3-butanedione. The deodorant composition may also include propylene glycol as a carrier and which acts, for certain odors, as an absorbent of constituents comprising the malodor; and may also optionally, but preferably, include a characterizing agent. This broadspectrum deodorizing composition may be adapted for specific utilities as a source-specific deodorant by further incorporation of an acid selected from the group consisting of hydrochloric and acetic acids, a deodorizing-effective, water-soluble metal compound selected from the group consisting of aluminum, barium, bismuth, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, titanium and zinc compounds and selective uses of dichlorobenzene or amyl acetate. Gel carriers may optionally be utilized to dispense the deodorants, in a gel, paste or pellet form; which carriers include acacia gum, agar, alginate, amylopectin, gum arabic, carrageenan, chitosan, dextrin, fucoidan, gum ghatt, guar gum, locust bean gum, methyl cellulose, gum tragacanth and xanthan gum.

Powdered tocopherol composition

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain a powdered tocopherol composition having remarkably improved water dispersibility, by blending a powdered tocopherol composition with a specific amount of a sucrose ester of a fatty acid and diacetyltartaric acid monoglyceride. CONSTITUTION:A powdered tocopherol composition containing tocopherol, one or two or more gums selected from gum arabic, tamarind seed polysaccharides, xanthan gum and guar gum and a starch hydrolyzate having preferably 2-20 DE value is blended with sucrose ester of a fatty acid in an amount of 0.1-5pts.wt. based on the total amount of the composition and diacetyltartaric acid monoglyceride in an amount of 0.1-5pts.wt. based on the total amount of the composition.