Showing papers on "Gum arabic published in 2003"

Exudate gums: occurrence, production, and applications

Abstract: This paper presents a review of the industrially most relevant exudate gums: gum arabic, gum karya, and gum tragacanth. Exudate gums are obtained as the natural exudates of different tree species and exhibit unique properties in a wide variety of applications. This review covers the chemical structure, occurrence and production of the different gums. It also deals with the size and relative importance of the various players on the world market. Furthermore, it gives an overview of the main application fields of the different gums, both food and non-food.

The Effect of Treatment with Gum Arabic on Gentamicin Nephrotoxicity in Rats: A Preliminary Study

Abstract: In the present work we assessed the effect of treatment of rats with gum Arabic on acute renal failure induced by gentamicin (GM) nephrotoxicity. Rats were treated with the vehicle (2 mL/kg of distilled water and 5% w/v cellulose, 10 days), gum Arabic (2 mL/kg of a 10% w/v aqueous suspension of gum Arabic powder, orally for 10 days), or gum Arabic concomitantly with GM (80mg/kg/day intramuscularly, during the last six days of the treatment period). Nephrotoxicity was assessed by measuring the concentrations of creatinine and urea in the plasma and reduced glutathione (GSH) in the kidney cortex, and by light microscopic examination of kidney sections. The results indicated that concomitant treatment with gum Arabic and GM significantly increased creatinine and urea by about 183 and 239%, respectively (compared to 432 and 346%, respectively, in rats treated with cellulose and GM), and decreased that of cortical GSH by 21% (compared to 27% in the cellulose plus GM group) The GM-induced proximal tubular necrosis appeared to be slightly less severe in rats given GM together with gum Arabic than in those given GM and cellulose. It could be inferred that gum Arabic treatment has induced a modest amelioration of some of the histological and biochemical indices of GM nephrotoxicity. Further work is warranted on the effect of the treatments on renal functional aspects in models of chronic renal failure, and on the mechanism(s) involved.

Evaluation of gum exudates from three selected plant species from Tanzania for food and pharmaceutical applications

Abstract: Authenticated gum samples from three plant species from Tanzania were analysed and their potential for food, pharmaceutical and other applications was determined by comparing their physicochemical properties with those of commercial Acacia gums from Tanzania, gum karaya and the specifications demanded by the international regulatory bodies for gum arabic for food and pharmaceutical applications. The gum exudate from Dichrostachys cinerea meets some specifications (moisture content, solubility, insoluble matter and ash) demanded for the identity and purity of gum arabic as stipulated by the international regulatory bodies. The aqueous solution of the gum possesses solubility and viscosity similar to commercial gum arabic. Similarly, the properties of Sterculia quinqueloba gum meet a number of the specifications demanded for gum karaya, except that it contains high levels of tannin which would limit its usefulness in food and pharmaceutical applications. The properties of the gum exudate from Acacia pseudofistula, on the other hand, are different from those of Tanzanian commercial Acacia gums. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry

Effect of gum arabic on the rheology of corn flour doughs and fried product quality

Abstract: Effects of gum arabic on the rheological properties of corn flour dough were investigated. Small deformation stress relaxation studies were performed on corn flour dough having 48-62% (wet basis) moisture and 0-2% gum arabic contents. Corn doughs were sensitive to moisture contents that were reflected by the values of the elastic and viscous components. The instrumental stickiness of the dough increased markedly when the moisture content was increased. The stress decay curves were modelled using 3-element spring-dashpot models as evidenced by low values of root mean square error. Sensory assessment of the dough as well as fried products were conducted to relate the parameters obtained from stress relaxation studies.

Complex coacervates containing whey proteins

Abstract: A new and improved method of micro-encapsulation by complex coacervation is provided which comprises the use of whey proteins together with a weak polyelectrolyte substituting for gelatin to allow better use of the encapsulated material, preferably in conjunction with gum Arabic.

Stabilizer for fermented milk food, fermented milk food and method for producing the food

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a fermented milk food having smooth and shiny appearance, and meltable palate feeling without losing shape retention and water retainability required for fermented milk products. SOLUTION: The fermented milk food contains gum arabic as a fermented-milk-food stabilizer. The fermented milk food contains gum arabic preferably at 0.1-1 wt.%. The fermented milk food is obtained by mixing fermented milk with gum arabic-containing stabilizer solution. The fermented-milk-food stabilizer contains pectin together with the gum arabic. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

The use in an aqueous mascara composition of one or more (co)polymers of polyacrylamidomethyl propane sulfonic acid, amorphous silica microspheres and/or one or more gums, especially gum arabic

Abstract: The invention relates to a cosmetic composition for coating keratinous fibers comprising, in a physiologically acceptable medium containing an aqueous phase, at least one gelling polymer chosen from polymers and copolymers of polyacrylamidomethylpropanesulphonic acid (APMS) and at least 0.1 % by weight of silica and / or at least one gum chosen from gum arabic, guar gum, xanthan derivatives, karaya gum and mixtures thereof in a content of less than 3.6% by weight relative to the weight total composition.The composition provides a make-up charging and / or a curling effect of keratin fibers.

Microcapsule and production method thereof

Abstract: Provided are a microcapsule and a production method thereof using a low-toxicity polymer substrate which can be produced regardless of a core material's water or oil solubility, without using gelatin or an organic solvent viewed as having a problem with safety. Specifically, provided is a microcapsule comprising oil-based core material which is immiscible with water; and shell material which comprises gum arabic and an enteric anionic cellulose derivative. Also provided is a method for producing a microcapsule comprising steps of suspending an oil-based water-immiscible core material in an aqueous solution of gum arabic, and then adding an aqueous alkaline solution of an enteric anionic cellulose derivative.

W/o/w-type compound emulsion

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a W/O/W-type compound emulsion having high stability with time and a good feeling in use, and suitably usable in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. SOLUTION: This W/O/W-type compound emulsion having a viscosity of 3,000-15,000 mPa.s at 30 deg.C, includes (A) at least one component selected from gum Arabic, alginic acid, carrageenan, agar-agar, guar gum, quince seed, tamarind gum, dextrin, dextran, starch, locust bean gum, karaya gum, tragacanth gum, pectin, quince, chitosan, xanthan gum, gellan gum, hyaluronic acid, pullulan, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, cationized cellulose, polyacrylic acid amide, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone and (B) a silicone oil.

Slightly acidic low-viscosity milky beverage

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a novel slightly acidic low-viscosity milky beverage which does not lose stability and maintains favorable flavor even after long preservation. SOLUTION: This slightly acidic low-viscosity milky beverage contains 0.01-1 wt.% of pectin, 0.05-3 wt.% of gum arabic and 0.01-1 wt.% of a citrate as stabilizers, and has pH 4.6-5.4, viscosity of ≤20mPa s and a solid concentration of milk protein of 0.1-8 wt.%. The milky beverage having the above formulation and properties, is sterilized with heat, and has no coagulation of protein. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Economic Efficiency of Sharecropping in Drylands: A Case Study of Gum Arabic Production in Kordofan Gum Belt, Sudan

Abstract: The enigma of sharecropping as an economic institution of resource allocation has a long history and always been a fruitful source of controversy in economic literature. The Marshallian economists generally condemned sharecropping as an inefficient institution in that it did not provide incentives to the sharecroppers, because producers had to share the output with the landlords, while the Cheungian economists claimed sharecropping to be as efficient as any other tenure system. This study examines the empirical validity of these two approaches, using evidence from the Kordofan gum arabic orchards of Sudan. This study was planned mainly to examine the differences in input and output intensities among the mixed and pure sharecroppers of gum arabic orchards. Mixed sharecroppers are gum farmers who rent-in land besides cultivating own land. Pure sharecroppers are gum farmers who rent-in land with no land of their own. We examined these differences by modeling three comparison cases. Case (A) compares input and output differences on owned versus sharecropped gum orchards of mixed sharecroppers. Case (B) compares input and output differences on the owned orchards of mixed sharecroppers with the gum orchards of pure sharecroppers. Case (C) compares input and output differences on the shared gum orchards of mixed sharecroppers with the gum orchards of pure sharecroppers. The significance of these differences in input and output intensities was measured by employing two test procedures. An F-test based on Hotelling's T2 statistic was employed to measure the significance of differences in input and output intensities of comparable but different cases. The second test, which is based on Shaban's methodology, measures the impact of tenancy on input and output intensities by isolating the pure tenancy effect from the total variation in input and output intensities. Shaban's methodology was modified to incorporate five new variables: gum orchard size, gum trees capital services flow, gum trees tapping intensity, rainfall and its fluctuation, and soil type, in the model. The findings of the study reveal that total differences in inputs and output intensities across the tenure systems can be explained by differences in gum orchard size, gum trees capital services flow, gum trees tapping intensity, rainfall and its fluctuation, soil type and the tenancy effect. The tenancy effect and gum orchard specific characteristics (in particular differences in gum orchard size, gum trees capital services flow, rainfall and its fluctuation, and tapping intensity) are the most significant factors in determining inputs and output intensities. The results of this study also indicate that the impact of tenancy is stronger and more sizeable for those inputs that are not shared by the gum orchard owner. Mixed sharecroppers apply more family labour in their owned-operated gum orchards than in the shared-operated orchards they tap. Among the shared inputs, differences in input intensity are sizeable and significant for other inputs variable. There are similar results in case (B) (comparing owned-operated gum orchards of mixed sharecroppers and pure sharecroppers), though differences in inputs and output intensities are relatively smaller, a result consistent with Bell's findings. Our case (C) comparison between mixed sharecroppers and pure sharecroppers is fully corroborating Bell's findings. A sharecropper-owned resources such as family labour is used more intensively in pure sharecropped gum orchards in the case (C) comparison. Input intensity of other inputs is mainly determined by input share rules applicable to them. Mixed as well as pure sharecroppers' input intensity increases when their gum orchard owners share these inputs. Our empirical results, moreover, contain some implications for the theoretical controversy . between the traditional and the Cheungian views of land tenure arrangements. Our results, which confirm and extend the earlier views of Bell and Shaban, support the traditional view of the matter; in some relative sense sharecropping arrangements are less efficient than production on owned gum orchards.

Dietary fiber-containing fleshlike food

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide both a food capable of readily affording a flesh texture by combining adhesive pastes and a method for producing the food. SOLUTION: A first aqueous solution containing either one of at least gum arabic or arabinogalactan is used with a second aqueous solution containing one or more adhesive pastes of pectin, sodium alginate, gellan gum and Azotobacter vinelandii gum in combination. Thereby, the fleshlike texture can be obtained.

Effect of the presence of gum arabic on the thermostability of thaumatin.

Abstract: Summary The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of gum arabic on thermostability of thaumatin. Thermodegradation of solutions of thaumatin with gum arabic at various temperatures (50, 70 and 90 °C) was studied. This degradation appeared to follow first-order kinetics at whatever temperature was used for thermodegradation. The experiments revealed an activation energy (Ea) of 41.4 kJ mol−1 and a t90% (time necessary to obtain a decrease of 10% of the initial concentration) of about 24 days for thaumatin with gum arabic, at 20 °C, at pH 4.90.

Method for manufacturing alpha-glycosylisoquercitrin, intermediate product and by-product thereof

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing isoquercitrin, α-glycosylisoquercitrin, and rhamnose, the method comprising a step of naringin-degrading enzyme treatment during the isoquercitrin production from rutin in the presence of an edible component, such as gelatin, wheat gluten, chitosan, lecithin, a glycerol fatty acid ester, xanthan gum, carrageenan, sodium chondroitin sulfate, casein, enzymatically decomposed gelatin, sodium alginate, konjac extract, gellan gum, guar gum, soybean protein, agar, pectin, yeast extract, egg-white peptide, cluster dextrin, gum arabic, arginine, sodium metaphosphate, karaya gum, locust bean gum, sodium pyrophosphate, glucosamine, chitin, sodium glutamate, dextrin, trehalose, or a grain-based food ingredients. According to the present invention, isoquercitrin and α-glycosylisoquercitrin, which are of use as antioxidants, anti-fading agents, flavor change inhibitors, etc., can be produced in enhanced yields.

Feline colonic microbes and fatty acid transport: effects of feeding cellulose, beet pulp and pectin/gum arabic fibers

Abstract: Studies were undertaken to determine the effects of dietary fiber (i.e., cellulose, beet pulp or a pectin&m arabic blend) on colonic transport of SCFA and fecal microbial populations of adult, female cats. Selection of test fibers was based upon that fiber’s ability to be degraded (fermented) within the gut of the domestic cat (i.e., cellulose generally non-fermentable, beet pulp-moderately fermentable, pectin/gum arabic highly fermentable). A non-fiber control diet was also included in the study. The pectin/gum arabic blend was noted to induce a reduction in food and water intake, resulting in body weight loss. Colonic fluid recovery was significantly reduced in those cats receiving the pectin/gum arabic blend. For cats receiving the beet pulp fiber, an increased SCFA (acetate and butyrate) absorption and a sustained, reduced fecal microbial population were noted, relative to those cats receiving non-fiber, cellulose or the pectin/gum arabic blend diets. Based upon the data presented, and observations previously reported for dogs and cats, it is concluded that if fiber is to be included in the diet of the domestic cat, a moderately fermentable fiber (e.g., beet pulp) would be the dietary fiber of choice. 0 2oW Ekvier Science Inc

Surface coating composition, especially for producing decorative coatings, contains non-toxic, environmentally acceptable binder based on gelatin or gum arabic

Abstract: In a surface coating composition containing structure-forming components, binder, filler, supplements and effect materials, the binder contains gelatin and/or gum arabic.

Use of gum arabic as an active agent in cosmetic and dermatological compositions, useful particularly for treatment and prevention of ageing of the skin

Abstract: Use of gum arabic (A) as a cosmetic and dermatological active agent. ACTIVITY : Dermatological. MECHANISM OF ACTION : Fibroblast proliferation stimulator; collagen synthesis stimulator. Normal human skin fibroblasts were grown as monolayers for 24 hours, then treated with 0.5 % gum arabic for 1-6 days, then cell viability determined by measuring mitochondrial dehydrogenases (conversion of methylthiazol tetrazolium). For young fibroblasts (4th passage), the percentage viability after 6 days was 0 % for a negative control; 104 % for a positive control and 24 % for cells treated with gum arabic. For older cells (8th passage), gum arabic was effective more quickly and viability was 34 % after 1 day.