Gum arabic

About: Gum arabic is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2197 publications have been published within this topic receiving 47782 citations. The topic is also known as: acacia gum.

Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Carvacrol and Carvacryl Acetate for Improved Anthelmintic Activity

Abstract: Carvacrol (CV) and carvacryl acetate (CVA) are bioactive compounds that have anthelmintic action and the nanoencapsulation may be an alternative to potentialize their efficacy. The aim of this work was to nanoencapsulate CV and CVA using chitosan/gums and evaluate cytotoxicity and the anthelmintic activity. A 24 factorial experimental design was performed to determine the influence of gum type (arabic or chicha), amount of surfactant and the number of layers in the nanoencapsulation degree. CVA and CV presented encapsulation efficiency (EE) optimum values of 90 and 20% (experiments 8 and 9), respectively. The monolayer and bilayer formulations presented maximum size of 479 and 811 nm, respectively. Nanoencapsulated CVA (nCVA) with bilayer coating and higher surfactant levels showed good thermal stability and no toxicity. In vitro kinetics for nCVA with chitosan/chicha gum showed slower release profiles than nCVA with chitosan/gum arabic, with 50% release after 30 and 20 h, respectively. CVA and nCVA at a concentration of 150 µg mL−1 reduced the motility of H. contortus adult nematodes by 100 and 91.7%, respectively. In summary, nCVA chitosan/chicha gum showed high encapsulation efficiency, favorable release rate and anthelmintic activity against H. contortus.

Exploring the new applications of gum arabic obtained from acacia species to preserve fresh fruits and vegetables

Abstract: Gum arabic is an exudate from the stems and branches of sub-Saharan Acacia Senegal and Acacia seyal trees that either naturally exude sap or are tapped to form large nodules of gum to seal wounds in the bark of the tree. It is a complex and variable mixture of arabinogalactan oligosaccharides, polysaccharides and glycoproteins. It is a neutral or slightly acidic salt of a complex polysaccharide and can be readily dissolved in hot or cold water. It is the least viscous and the most soluble of the hydrocolloids. Therefore, it is the most extensively used hydrocolloid in the industrial sector because of its emulsification, film forming and encapsulation properties. More than one half of the world’s supply is used in confections, where the gum acts to retard sugar crystallisation, and to thicken candies, jellies, glazes and chewing gums. The flavour industry uses the gum arabic as a flavour-fixative, protecting the flavour from evaporation, oxidation, and absorption of moisture from air. It is also used as a foam stabiliser and agent to promote adhesion of foam to glass. However, in the present study the potential of gum arabic was evaluated as an edible coating material for the preservation of fresh fruits and vegetables during cold storage.

Production of scrambled egg liquor

Abstract: PURPOSE: To obtain a scrambled egg liquor capable of giving favorable thin egg pieces improved in preservability and palate feeling, by using a sterilized whole egg liquor incorporated with thickening polysaccharide (s) and adjusted to a specified viscosity. CONSTITUTION: This scrambled egg liquor is obtained by using a sterilized whole egg liquor adjusted in viscosity to 50-150cps by incorporating pref. 0.5-1.5wt.% of at least one kind of thickening polysaccharide selected from xanthan gum, locust bean gum, gum guaiac, pectin, tragacanth gum, carrageenan, pullulan, gum arabic, tamarind gum, agar-agar, devil's tongue mannan and gelatin.

Phytochemical, larvicidal and antimicrobial activities of gum Arabic extract

Abstract: The Gum Arabic of Acacia senegal (GA) was reported to treat several diseases such as kidney failure, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal. However, scarce investigations has been achieved on phytoconstitutes of GA. Therefore, the screening was carried out to study phytochemical properties. The phytochemical screening showed that GA contains high amount of saponins and alkaloids, moderate amount of cardiac glycosides, and trace amount of tannins. Consequently, the bioactivity of GA aqueous extract as antimicrobial and mosquito larvicides were investigated. GA extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against the test organisms with different zones of inhibition ranging 0-18 mm. The larvicidal activity was significantly improved with increasing extract dose and exposure period with mortality up to 86.7%. Results reveal that the crude extract of GA contains important biomolecules which proved with a substantial larvicidal and antimicrobial activities.

Effect of adsorbants on in vitro biohydrogenation of 22:6n-3 by mixed cultures of rumen microorganisms

Abstract: Studies on microbial biohydrogenation of fatty acids in the rumen are of importance as this process lowers the availability of nutritionally beneficial unsaturated fatty acids for incorporation into meat and milk but also might result in the accumulation of biologically active intermediates. The impact was studied of adsorption of 22:6n-3 (DHA) to particulate material on its disappearance during 24 h in vitro batch incubations with rumen inoculum. Four adsorbants were used in two doses (1 and 5 mg/ml of mucin, gum arabic, bentonite or silicic acid). In addition, the distribution of 22:6n-3 in the pellet and supernatant of diluted rumen fluid was measured. Bentonite and silicic acid did not alter the distribution of 22:6n-3 between pellet and supernatant nor increased the disappearance of 22:6n-3 during the incubation. Both mucin and gum arabic increased the recovery of 22:6n-3 in the supernatant, indicating that these compounds lowered the adsorption of the fatty acid to ruminal particles. This was associated with an increased disappearance of 22:6n-3, when initial 22:6n-3 was 0.06 or 0.10 mg/ml, and an increased formation of 22:0, when initial 22:6n-3 was 0.02 mg/ml, during the 24 h batch culture experiment. Addition of gum arabic to pure cultures of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens or Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus did not negate the inhibitory effect of 22:6n-3 on growth. As both mucin and gum arabic provide fermentable substrate for ruminal bacteria, an additional experiment was performed in which mucin and gum arabic were replaced by equal amounts of starch, cellulose or xylan. No differences in disappearance of 22:6n-3 were observed, suggesting that the stimulatory effect of mucin and gum arabic on disappearance of 22:6n-3 most probably is not due to provision of an alternative site of adsorption but related to stimulation of bacterial growth. A relatively high proportion of 22:6n-3 can be reduced to 22:0 provided the initial concentration is low.