Topic
Gymnopus
About: Gymnopus is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 53 publications have been published within this topic receiving 629 citations.
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TL;DR: Analytical pyrolysis mass spectrometry of litter decomposed by this fungus showed changes in the litter composition similar to those caused by white-rot fungi during wood decay, which can be explained by the participation of non-basidiomycetous fungi and bacteria during natural litter decomposition.
Abstract: Due to the production of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, saprotrophic basidiomycetes can significantly contribute to the turnover of soil organic matter. The production of lignin- and polysaccharide-degrading enzymes and changes of the chemical composition of litter were studied with three isolates from a Quercus petraea forest. These isolates were capable of fresh litter degradation and were identified as Gymnopus sp., Hypholoma fasciculare and Rhodocollybia butyracea. Within 12 weeks of incubation, H. fasciculare decomposed 23%, R. butyracea 32% and Gymnopus sp. 38% of the substrate dry mass. All fungi produced laccase and Mn-peroxidase (MnP) and none of them produced lignin peroxidase or other Mn-independent peroxidases. There was a clear distinction in the enzyme production pattern between R. butyracea or H. fasciculare compared to Gymnopus sp. The two former species caused the fastest mass loss during the initial phase of litter degradation, accompanied by the temporary production of laccase (and MnP in H. fasciculare) and also high production of hydrolytic enzymes that later decreased. In contrast, Gymnopus sp. showed a stable rate of litter mass loss over the whole incubation period with a later onset of ligninolytic enzyme production and a longer lasting production of both lignin and cellulose-degrading enzymes. The activity of endo-cleaving polysaccharide hydrolases in this fungus was relatively low but it produced the most cellobiose hydrolase. All fungi decreased the C/N ratio of the litter from 24 to 15–19 and Gymnopus sp. also caused a substantial decrease in the lignin content. Analytical pyrolysis mass spectrometry of litter decomposed by this fungus showed changes in the litter composition similar to those caused by white-rot fungi during wood decay. These changes were less pronounced in the case of H. fasciculare and R. butyracea. All fungi also changed the mean masses of humic acid and fulvic acid fractions isolated from degraded litter. The humic acid fraction after degradation by all three fungi contained more lignin and less carbohydrates. Compared to the decomposition by saprotrophic basidiomycetes, litter degradation in situ on the site of fungal isolation resulted in the relative enrichment of lignin and differences in lignin composition revealed by analytical pyrolysis. It can most probably be explained by the participation of non-basidiomycetous fungi and bacteria during natural litter decomposition.
170 citations
TL;DR: Three distinct lineages of gymnopoid and marasmioid fungi are recognized in parsimony and Bayesian analyses of nLSU rDNA sequences and a discussion of the taxonomic implications resulting from the phylogenetic reconstruction is presented.
Abstract: Three distinct lineages of gymnopoid and marasmioid fungi are recognized in parsimony and Bayesian analyses of nLSU rDNA sequences. One lin- eage contains the genera Lentinula, Rhodocollybia, Te- trapyrgos, a resurrected and redefined Mycetinis, and two unresolved clades designated /marasmiellus and /gymnopus. /marasmiellus includes the type species of Marasmiellus and is dominated by members of Gymnopus sect. Vestipedes. /gymnopus includes the type species of Gymnopus, Micromphale and Setulipes, and members of Gymnopus sect. Levipedes. A second lineage includes the genera Marasmius s.s. and Cri- nipellis and represents a redefined /marasmiaceae. A third lineage includes the genera Cylindrobasidium, Flammulina, Gloiocephala, Physalacria, Strobilurus, Xe- rula and Marasmius sect. Epiphylli and represents /physalacriaceae. One new combination in Rhodocol- lybia and four new combinations in Mycetinis are pro- posed. A discussion of the taxonomic implications re- sulting from the phylogenetic reconstruction is pre- sented.
98 citations
04 Jul 2008
TL;DR: While preparing a new edition of the book A Monograph of marasmioid and collybioid fungi in Europe, the authors publish new taxonomic findings, which will be included there.
Abstract: While preparing a new edition of the book A Monograph of marasmioid and collybioid fungi in Europe, the authors publish new taxonomic findings, which will be included there. One taxon, Marasmiellus corsicus Noordel., Antonin & Moreau, from Corsica, is described as a new species, two new names, Gymnopus bisporiger Antonin & Noordel. and Marasmiellus maritimus Contu & Noordel., and 10 new combinations in the genera Gymnopus and Mycetinis are proposed.
66 citations
TL;DR: Gymnopusin, the first naturally occurring phenanthrene derivative having a hydroxyl group at C-9, was isolated from the orchid Bulbophyllum gymnopus.
Abstract: Gymnopusin, the first naturally occurring phenanthrene derivative having a hydroxyl group at C-9, was isolated from the orchid Bulbophyllum gymnopus . It was shown to be 7,9-dihydroxy-2,3,4-trimethoxyphenanthrene ( 1a ) mainly from the spectral data of the compound and those of its diacetyl ( 1b ) and dimethyl ether ( 1c ) derivatives.
32 citations
TL;DR: Phylogenetic placement, based on ribosomal large subunit (LSU) and internally transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, is within the lentinuloid clade, nested among Gymnopus taxa.
Abstract: Recent collections and the type specimen of Marasmiellus juniperinus, the type species of the genus, were examined. Phylogenetic placement, based on ribosomal large subunit (LSU) and internally transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences, is within the lentinuloid clade, nested among Gymnopus taxa. This placement dictates genus name usage and phylogenetic position of other putative species of Marasmiellus. The mating system is tetrapolar.
31 citations