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Showing papers on "Happiness published in 1969"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A woman's freedom to choose among alternative life styles in an important predictor of happiness in marriage if the wife participates in the labor markert out of economic necessity than if she participates by choice.
Abstract: A woman's freedom to choose among alternative life styles in an important predictor of happiness in marriage. Both partners are lower in marriage happiness if the wife participates in the labor markert out of economic necessity than if she participates by choice. This finding holds across educational levels, stages in the life cycle, and part-time and full-time employment. Among the less educated, the strain comes from an increase in tensions for husbands and a decline in sociability for wives; while among the better educated, husbands and wives both experience an increase in tensions and a decrease in sociability. A woman's choice of the labor market over the home market strains the marriage only when there are preschool children in the family. At other stages in the life cycle, the choice between the labor market and the home market makes little diffrence in an individual's assessment of his own marriage happiness. However, the labor market choice is generally associated with a higher balance between sa...

134 citations



Book
01 Jan 1969

14 citations



Book
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: Weldon's first novel is a parable on the way people see themselves as discussed by the authors, which follows Esther Sussman who leaves her husband after they go on a diet that she soon realizes she does not want to be on.
Abstract: Fay Weldon's first novel is a parable on the way people see themselves. It follows Esther Sussman who leaves her husband after they go on a diet that she soon realizes she does not want to be on. She sets out to show that happiness is not dependent on her size.

8 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: It was concluded that group spiritual intervention as a useful method could be effective in enhancing self-esteem and happiness among addicted individuals undergoing methadone maintenance treatment.
Abstract: BACKGROUND Drug dependence or substance use disorder not only affects a person's life but also brings a lot of challenges for families and communities and imposes heavy burdens on them. There are various therapies in the domain of addiction whose main purposes are to reduce or to cut down substance abuse. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group spiritual intervention on selfesteem and happiness among male clients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. METHODS This study was an intervention study in which 60 clients affected with substance abuse and undergoing methadone maintenance treatment were recruited. The study samples were selected through convenience sampling method and then divided randomly into two groups of 30 individuals: intervention and control. The intervention group attended group spiritual interventions for 10 sessions. Self-esteem and happiness among the study participants were also measured through Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire before and after the intervention. RESULTS The results showed a significant difference between both intervention and control groups in terms of self-esteem and happiness (P < 0.05); so that the participants in the intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in their self-esteem and happiness. CONCLUSION It was concluded that group spiritual intervention as a useful method could be effective in enhancing self-esteem and happiness among addicted individuals undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. The given treatment could be also used as a complementary therapy beside methadone maintenance treatment to reduce the likelihood of people returning to substance abuse.

6 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Duke of Edinburgh discusses the ways and means of attaining a state of job satisfaction, which is defined as "Efficiency plus happiness equals higher productivity". But this is not the case for all jobs.
Abstract: “Efficiency plus happiness equals higher productivity.” So said the Duke of Edinburgh on the subject of the creation of job satisfaction. This article discusses the ways and means of attaining such a state.

5 citations


Book
01 Jan 1969

4 citations



Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss the use of reason for coping with distress in the form of games and games, and ask what is life about? Is life a game or a burden? Is suicide wrong? Are virtue and truth more valuable than happiness? How can distress be coped with? What, if any, is the use for reason?
Abstract: What is life about? Is life a game or a burden? Is suicide wrong? Are virtue and truth more valuable than happiness ? How can distress be coped with? What, if any, is the use of reason?

4 citations


Journal ArticleDOI

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The interpretations were based on both formal and content analysis of the protocols and results were representative of a technique demanding more rigorous and extended enquiry into the vicissitudes of love and aggression.
Abstract: Summary This study enumerates the Rorschach variables used for rating the eight dimensions of love, aggression and happiness, as proposed by the Indian psychologist and psychoanalyst Das Gupta. The purpose of this presentation was to examine, refine and expand the existing principles of interpretation of the Rorschach as they relate to the love and aggressive affect of an individual. The interpretations were based on both formal and content analysis of the protocols and results were representative of a technique demanding more rigorous and extended enquiry into the vicissitudes of love and aggression.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For example, Orden and Bradburn as mentioned in this paper found that a lower-class male may perceive more tension in his marriage if his wife works out of necessity: "A man interprets his marriage role in terms of his ability to provide for the economic needs of his family." The fact that he cannot support his family without his wife's help is
Abstract: Orden and Bradburn in their recent article (American Journal of Sociology 74, no. 4 [January 1969]: 392-407) have pointed to some serious deficiencies which have often plagued research dealing with the marital relationships of the working wife. Such deficiencies have included (1) the researcher's complete neglect of the husband, (2) lack of clear conceptualization of \"economic necessity\" as a reason for wife's working, and (3) unsatisfactory measures of marital adjustment. The authors have attempted to combat these shortcomings in their own studies of the working wife. For example, Orden and Bradburn did interview both men and women for their study. They have utilized a refined conceptualization of marital happiness which is multidimensional, and they used five different measures of \"marital happiness,\" which allowed a validity check through a comparison of paper and pencil tests with the respondent's own subjective judgment of his marriage. However, in spite of the attempts made by these authors to overcome previous weaknesses in the study of the working wife, they have fallen short of their goal on a number of counts. For example, their first criticism pointed out that men have been neglected in previous studies. They did include men in their own study, but the men and women interviewed were not married to each other. Although the authors suggest that responses would have been the same had married couples been interviewed, they seem to be basing this suggestion on the assumption that the responses tapped are randomly distributed in the population sampled. In order for this assumption to hold, one must also assume that men and women randomly marry each other. This assumption completely ignores known patterns of mate selection (i.e., homogamy and complementarity) and the fact that marital roles are reciprocal in nature. Safilios-Rothschild (1969) has pointed out the dangers inherent in attempting to generalize on \"the family\" through information collected only from the wife. The converse would also seem to hold, namely that one cannot generalize on the basis of husbands' responses only. In other words, Orden and Bradburn have not solved the problem of \"wife only\" research; they have simply modified it. A second criticism made by Orden and Bradburn was that a hazy conceptualization of economic necessity as a reason for the wife's working had led to the ignoring of socioeconomic class differences in perceived need in research on the working wife. They propose to combat this problem by allowing the respondent to reply to the question \"Would you (or your wife) work if you (or she) didn't need the money?\" We would suggest that, in contemporary American culture, this is an \"are you in favor of sin?\" type of question. On page 400 of their article, the authors offered the following interpretation for the fact that a lower-class male may perceive more tension in his marriage if his wife works out of necessity: \"A man interprets his marriage role in terms of his ability to provide for the economic needs of his family. The fact that he cannot support his family without his wife's help is


01 Jan 1969
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors make an effort to elucidate those specific factors whose presence or absence (presumably to a varying extent) could appropriately be regarded as coming upon the stage of discussion when questions of a higher or lesser quality of life are mooted.
Abstract: : The theme of the 'quality of life' has become a focal point in recent public discussions of social policy issues. In this case, as so often, clarification of the concept is a virtually essential preliminary to any meaningful application of it. An effort is made to elucidate those specific factors whose presence or absence (presumably to a varying extent) could appropriately be regarded as coming upon the stage of discussion when questions of a higher or lesser quality of life are mooted.