Showing papers on "Haptic technology published in 1973"

Retention of shape information under haptic or visual acquisition

Abstract: Memory for information on shape perceived haptically was compared with memory for the same shapes perceived visually, and under conditions where acquisition occurred through one system and matching through another. Significantly better matching was found for the visual groups at each of 3 retention intervals: 5, 15, and 30 sec. Accuracy of intramodal visual matching showed no decline with increasing retention intervals. Haptic memory was poorer and declined only slightly with the longer retention intervals. Data for the intermodal groups indicated that, where acquisition was accomplished visually, retention was higher. The importance of 2 sets of factors is considered, modality of acquisition and direction of intermodal matching between visual and haptic systems. Implications of these findings for some recent models of information translation across modalities are discussed.

Investigating information-gathering capabilities of visual and haptic modalities.

Abstract: Strmmary.-The aim of the present study was to approximate the initial amount of informarion obtained by the visual and haptic sysrerns from exposure to a stimulus. College students were presented with 10-sided random forms at 4 exposures (2-, 5-, lo-, and 15-sec.) in two modalities (visual and haptic) and under two delay conditions (no delay and 10-sec. delay) and were required to draw each form. Drawings were scored on accuracy of match to the original form. Results indicated that (a) in general, scores increased with increasing exposure time; (b) visual exploration was superior to haptic exploration; and (c) the delay variable did not affect performance. In Exp. I1 college students were again presented with 10-sided random forms under 5 modality.by-exposure conditions. Thirty sec. of 1-handed haptic exploration resulted in comparable performance to 2 sec. visual exploration. The results are discussed in terms of the dis- ' parity of the information-gathering capacities of the visual and haptic systems. The majority of investigations studying visual-hapcic perception have been primarily concerned with the relative efficacy of visual versus hapcic performance (Cashdan & Zung, 1970; Garvill & Molander, 1968; Gaydos, 1956; Milner LZZ Bryant, 1970; Rude1 & Teuber, 1964). Few have been concerned with specific characceristics of visual and haptic processing of information. Abravanel (1972), in a recent article, has pointed out the need for further research "co separate the roles of acquisition and transformation processes in the chain of information handling" (p. 424). The aim of the present research was to investigate and compare the information-gathering capabilities of the visual and haptic modalicies and to equate vis~~al and hapcic information as a function of stimulus exposure. It seems pla~~sible that the haptic system is less efficient in its gathering of information than che visual system; chat is, given equal exposure to a stimulus in each of these modalities, more information is obtained and therefore would be available for processing in the visual than the haptic system. To study visual-haptic processes accurately, e.g., the transformation or retention of information, the initial amount of information to each modaliry must be controlled. Methods which impose equal exposure times for both modes do not control the amount of information each system receives. Further, procedures commonly used when comparing intra- and cross-modal matching, which require Ss to find a match to a standard form from a series of variants, e.g., match-to-sample tasks, produce an experimental confounding. The time neces