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Hardening (metallurgy)

About: Hardening (metallurgy) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 25584 publications have been published within this topic receiving 376012 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The surface of 5052 Al alloy plates is severely deformed via multiple impacts by high-velocity tungsten carbide/cobalt (WC/Co) balls in a surface nanocrystallization and hardening (SNH) process.

127 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three-stage hardening in tantalum single crystals deformed in tension over limited range of orientations, temperatures and strain rates was studied in this paper, where the authors showed that the hardening can be achieved by three stages.

126 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, tensile tests on 310s stainless steel foils, with and without hydrogen, were conducted at temperatures from 77 to 295 K and strain rates from 10-3 to 10-6/s.
Abstract: Tensile tests on 310s stainless steel foils, with and without hydrogen, were conducted at temperatures from 77 to 295 K and strain rates from 10-3 to 10-6/s. Cathodic charging at elevated temperatures and at very low current densities was used to produce homogeneous solid solutions of hydrogen in this material. The yield stress and flow stress were found to increase with hydrogen content. Discontinuous yielding was observed at room temperature for specimens with hydrogen contents greater than 5 at. pct. The ductility, as measured by the strain to failure, was not critically dependent on hydrogen concentration at 77 and 295 K but was reduced at intermediate temperatures. The changes in mechanical behavior are discussed in terms of hydrogen-dislocation interactions.

126 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a literature review is presented, together with new test results obtained by means of improved test methods: for the determination of the specific heat of cement paste during hardening, test methods are developed based on existing methods.
Abstract: This paper focuses on the evolution of the thermal characteristics of early-age concrete as a function of the state of the hardening process. A literature review is presented, together with new test results obtained by means of improved test methods: For the determination of the specific heat of cement paste during hardening and of the thermal diffusivity of hardening concrete, test methods are developed based on existing methods. The specific heat is determined for hardening cement paste samples made with blastfurnace slag cement. It is concluded that the specific heat and thermal diffusivity decreases linearly with the degree of hydration.

126 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the extrinsically superhard nanostructured materials, which are the most promising and understand the mechanisms of the hardness enhancement, and present industrial applications of such coatings on tools for machining.
Abstract: High elastic moduli do not guarantee high hardness because upon finite shear electronic instabilities often occur that result in transformation to softer phases. Therefore, the author concentrates on the extrinsically superhard nanostructured materials, which are the most promising. Decreasing crystallite size results in strengthening and hardening because the grain boundaries impede the plasticity (e.g., Hall–Petch strengthening in case of dislocation activity). However, this hardening is limited to a crystallite size down to 10–15 nm below which softening due to grain boundary shear dominates. This softening can be reduced by forming low energy grain boundaries or a strong interfacial layer. In such a way, much higher hardness enhancement can be achieved. The emphasis will be on the understanding of the mechanisms of the hardness enhancement. A special section deals with examples of the present industrial applications of such coatings on tools for machining in order to illustrate that these materials ar...

126 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202250
2021989
20201,144
20191,076
20181,038
2017981