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Hardening (metallurgy)

About: Hardening (metallurgy) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 25584 publications have been published within this topic receiving 376012 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of micro-mechanical experiments have been performed to quantify how the friction stir welding (FSW) process affects the material response within the periodic bands that have been shown to be a common feature of FSW joints.
Abstract: A series of micro-mechanical experiments have been performed to quantify how the friction stir welding (FSW) process affects the material response within the periodic bands that have been shown to be a common feature of FSW joints. Micro-mechanical studies employed sectioning of small samples and micro-tensile testing using digital image correlation to quantify the local stress–strain variations in the banded region. Results indicate that the two types of bands in 2024-T351 and 2524-T351 aluminum FSW joints (a) have different hardening rates with the particle-rich bands having the higher strain hardening exponent, (b) exhibit a periodic variation in micro-hardness across the bands and (c) the individual bands in each material have the same initial yield stress.

104 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a series of uni-axial tensile tests were carried out under various low temperatures and strain-rate ranges for AISI 300 austenitic stainless steel.

104 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a computerized Instron machine to test cylindrical samples of Waspaloy and Inconel 718 for static softening and hardening.
Abstract: Cylindrical samples of Waspaloy and Inconel 718 were hot compressed, using a computerized Instron machine. The test program covered strain rates from 10•4 s•1 to 1 s•1 temperatures ranging from 875 °C to 1220 °C and deformations up to strains of 0.7. Interrupted tests were also carried out to determine the nature of the static softening and hardening processes. Dynamic recrystallization, partial or complete, was observed at temperatures above 950 °C. At 950 °C and below, dynamic recovery was the process controlling the deformation. Static softening was found to take place both by recovery and by recrystallization. Yield points were detected in Waspaloy under certain conditions as well as in Inconel 718. For Waspaloy the yield drops occurred in the vicinity of 1100 °C, and a deviation from the normal behavior in the stress-temperature curve was seen in the same temperature range. The mechanism responsible for the occurrence of the yield drops, which in turn is related to the deviation in the σvsT curve, is believed to be short range ordering of the γ’ forming elements. For Inconel 718, elements such as Co, Cr and Fe may be causing short range ordering, but the locking mechanism may also be associated with the precipitation of carbides or other intermetallic phases on the dislocations.

104 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
C.W. Shao1, Peng Zhang1, Y.K. Zhu1, Z.J. Zhang1, J.C. Pang1, Zhefeng Zhang1 
TL;DR: In this paper, two strategies and technologies to improve the strain controlled low-cycle fatigue (LCF) performance of Fe-Mn-C twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steel were introduced.

104 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of Mo-and W-addition on precipitation hardening of Ti-and Nb-microalloyed high-strength low-alloy steels was investigated.
Abstract: The effect of Mo- and W-addition on the precipitation hardening of Ti- and Nb-microalloyed high-strength low-alloy steels was investigated. The variation in simulated hot-coiling temperature caused a significant difference in strength, which is attributed mainly to different precipitation-hardening behavior. Among the four alloys with different combination of the microalloying elements: Ti–Mo, Nb–Mo, Ti–W, and Nb–W, the steel with Nb–Mo turned out to be the most effective in precipitation hardening. The strengthening mechanism was discussed based on the microstructural evolution observed by electron microscopy and the theoretical considerations combining the different hardening models.

104 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202250
2021989
20201,144
20191,076
20181,038
2017981