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Hardening (metallurgy)
About: Hardening (metallurgy) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 25584 publications have been published within this topic receiving 376012 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the Armstrong-Frederick hardening suitably calibrated and used in a class of models can yield reasonably good predictions of the rate of ratcheting for a range of cycle parameters.
98 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a constitutive model which can describe the transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) accompanying the strain-induced martensitic transformation in TRIP steel under pre-strain is developed.
98 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the interface effect was a key mechanism for the deformation of metal matrix composites, which has not been well understood yet in those reinforced with nanoreinforcements.
98 citations
10 Jan 2019-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, the microstructure, tensile mechanical properties, hardness, and porosity of AM H13 after stress relieve (SR), standard hardening and tempering (SR+HT), and hot isostatic pressing (SR + HIP+HT) were investigated.
Abstract: Additive manufacturing (AM) is an attractive manufacturing technology in tooling applications. It provides unique opportunities to manufacture tools with complex shapes, containing inner channels for conformal cooling. In this investigation, H13, a widely used tool steel, was manufactured using a laser powder bed fusion method. Microstructure, tensile mechanical properties, hardness, and porosity of the AM H13 after stress relieve (SR), standard hardening and tempering (SR + HT), and hot isostatic pressing (SR + HIP + HT) were investigated. It was found that the microstructure of directly solidified colonies of prior austenite, which is typical for AM, disappeared after austenitizing at the hardening heat treatment. In specimens SR + HT and SR + HIP + HT, a microstructure similar to the conventional but finer was observed. Electron microscopy showed that SR and SR + HT specimens contained lack of fusion, and spherical gas porosity, which resulted in remarkable scatter in the observed elongation to break values. Application of HIP resulted in the highest strength values, higher than those observed for conventional H13 heat treated in the same way. The conclusion is that HIP promotes reduction of porosity and lack of fusion defects and can be efficiently used to improve the mechanical properties of AM H13 tool steel.
98 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the limit flow stresses for transverse loading of metal matrix composites reinforced with continuous fibers and for uniaxial loading of spherical particle reinforced metal matrix composite composites.
98 citations