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Hardening (metallurgy)
About: Hardening (metallurgy) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 25584 publications have been published within this topic receiving 376012 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the quasi-static and dynamic mechanical behavior of ultra-fine grained (UFG) tungsten (W) under uniaxial compression was investigated.
238 citations
238 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the plastic flow of polycarbonate (PC) was examined by obtaining true stress-strain data over a range of strain rates at room temperature through homogeneous, uniaxial, constant strain rate compression testing to strains as high as 125 percent.
Abstract: In this investigation, the plastic flow of polycarbonate (PC) was examined by obtaining true stress-strain data over a range of strain rates at room temperature through homogeneous, uniaxial, constant strain rate compression testing to strains as high as 125 percent. Uniaxial compressive loading conditions give rise to a planar molecular orientation process which results in the observed strain hardening in compression. Uniaxial tensile tests on PC were also conducted. The necked region of the tensile specimen is being cold drawn resulting in a uniaxial state of orientation. Therefore, the observed macroscopic strain hardening in uniaxial tension distinctly differs from that obtained In uniaxial compression, giving different stress-strain curves. The major differences experimentally obtained between the large strain response in compression and tension indicate a need for an orientation-based model of the strain hardening process. The experimental program also acts to uncouple the effects of strain softening and strain rate providing more accurate data for future modeling of the true strain softening process. A constitutive law which directly relates the strain hardening response to the state of molecular network stretch in the polymer is used to model and analyze the experiments. The model is found to simulate the observed rate dependent yield and post yield strain softening and hardening of the compressive data over the entire range of strain rates very well. The model is then utilized in a finite element analysis of the tensile tests on PC. Numerical results compared favorably with the experimental data including: load vs, contraction curves, natural draw ratio, and the axial stress-strain response of the cold drawing region.
237 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the cyclic deformation behavior and low cycle fatigue (LCF) of a large solid extruded section of AZ31 magnesium alloy was investigated. And the authors observed that the alloy was cyclically stable at lower strain amplitude and exhibited cyclic hardening characteristics at higher strain amplitude, with a cyclic hardness exponent of about 2.6 times higher than the monotonic strain hardening exponent.
237 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an anisotropic hardening model for soils is proposed by applying the concept of a field of hardening moduli developed previously for metals, which can be applied in studying soil behaviour under cyclic loading and in particular to describe densification or liquefaction phenomena.
Abstract: An anisotropic hardening model for soils is proposed by applying the concept of a field of hardening moduli developed previously for metals. Besides the yield surface, a set of nesting surfaces in the stress-space specifies the variation of hardening moduli during the deformation process. Both drained and undrained soil behaviour can be treated and distortional as well as volumetric strain cycles can be considered. The model can be applied in studying soil behaviour under cyclic loading and in particular to describe densification or liquefaction phenomena.
234 citations