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Hardening (metallurgy)

About: Hardening (metallurgy) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 25584 publications have been published within this topic receiving 376012 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a theoretical concept is developed which rests on existing hardening models estimating the increase of the yield stress due to pairwise particle cutting and anti-phase domain boundary (APB) formation.

205 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, electron microscopy and diffraction have been employed to study the microstructural behavior of age hardening Cu-Ti alloys and the results have been correlated with the mechanical properties.

203 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a series of cyclic deformation tests were conducted at room temperature on decarburized high-purity α-iron specimens in mono and polycrystalline form.
Abstract: The reported studies are based on a series of cyclic deformation tests that were conducted at room temperature on decarburized high-purity α-iron specimens in mono-and polycrystalline form. The experimental data cover plastic strain ranges Δe pl in the regime 10−4 ≲ Δe pl ≲ 10−2 and variations in cyclic plastic strain rates έ pl between ∼10-5 and ∼10−2 s−1. In the case of single crystals, the effect of solute carbon (∼30 wt. ppm) was investigated as well. The mechanical data were supplemented by detailed studies of the dislocation arrangements by transmission electron microscopy and of the surface patterns by scanning electron and optical microscopy. Detailed accounts are given of the following topics: cyclic hardening and saturation, dislocation mechanisms, shape changes due to asymmetric slip of serew dislocations, cyclic stress-strain response and fatigue crack initiation. Under conventional conditions of “high” έ pl (≲10−4 s−1) the fatigue behaviour of α-iron at room temperature reflects the low mobility of the screw dislocations which is characteristic of the lowttemperature mode of deformation of body-centred cubic (b.c.c.) metals. As a consequence the behaviour exhibits significant differences with respect to that of fatigued face-centred cubic (f.c.c.) metals such as: strongly impeded dislocation multiplication below Δe pl ∼ 5 × 10−4, appreciable secondary slip at higher Δe pl leading to a cell structure (persistent slip bands do not form), shape changes due to asymmetric slip of screw dislocations and a relatively high effective stress level. The reduction of έ pl and the presence of solute carbon atoms modify this behaviour significantly, making it more similar to that of f.c.c. metals. In all cases it was found that only the athermal component of the peak (saturation) stress but not the latter itself represents a suitable measure of the properties of the dislocation substructure. On the basis of the cyclic deformation behaviour and of observations of trans-and intergranular fatigue crack initiation it was concluded that the fatigue limit of α-iron is an intrinsic property of the b.c.c. structure whose characteristics, however, are affected sensitively by interstitial impurity content and by the strain rate of the fatigue test.

203 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Yong Dong1, Yiping Lu1, Jiaorun Kong1, Junjia Zhang1, Tingju Li1 
TL;DR: In this paper, the body centered cubic (BCC) phases of the two BCC phases separated with the increase of Mo content while Mo element preferred to dissolve into FeCr-type solid solution.

203 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, 12 commercially available WC-Co powders with different average WC grain sizes (0.2, 2, and 6-μm) and cobalt contents (8, 12, 17 and 25-wt%) were sprayed on carbon steel substrates using High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) spraying process.
Abstract: Twelve commercially available WC–Co powders with different average WC grain sizes (0.2, 2, and 6 μm) and cobalt contents (8, 12, 17 and 25 wt.%) were sprayed on carbon steel substrates using High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) spraying process. Hardness, Young's modulus, and fracture toughness of the coatings were measured. While the hardness and Young's modulus decreased with increasing cobalt content from 1600 to 1100 Hv and from 400 to 300 GPa respectively, the fracture toughness remained in the range from 4 to 6 MPam 1/2 . The coatings with 2 μm carbide showed lower hardness than those deposited from 0.2 and 6 μm carbide. These measured mechanical properties were discussed with the help of microstructures of the coatings investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis. Finally, the hardness of the binder phase in these coatings was estimated to range from 1000 to 1300 Hv by applying the mixture rule for composites to the experimental data, demonstrating that such hardening of the binder phase is a key factor affecting the mechanical properties of the coatings.

203 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202250
2021989
20201,144
20191,076
20181,038
2017981