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Hardening (metallurgy)

About: Hardening (metallurgy) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 25584 publications have been published within this topic receiving 376012 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of tool traverse and rotation speeds on the residual stresses are quantified for welds between non-age-hardening AA5083 and age-hardened AA6082 and compared to single alloy joints made from each of the two constituents.
Abstract: The effect of tool traverse and rotation speeds on the residual stresses are quantified for welds between non-age-hardening AA5083 and age-hardening AA6082 and compared to single alloy joints made from each of the two constituents. The residual stresses have been characterised non-destructively by neutron diffraction and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The region around the weld line was characterised by significant tensile residual stress fields which are balanced by compressive stresses in the parent material. The rotation speed of the tool has been found to have a substantially greater influence than the transverse speed on the properties and residual stresses in the welds, particularly on the AA5083 side where the location of the peak stress moves from the stir zone to beyond the edge of the tool shoulder. The changes in residual stress are related to microstructural and hardness changes as determined in a previous study [1,2]. In particular the larger stresses under the weld tool on the AA5083 side compared to the AA6082 side are related to a transient reduction in yield stress due to dissolution of the hardening precipitates during welding prior to natural aging after welding.

186 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) for basal slip has been examined in the light of the existing solution hardening theories, and the extent of hardening is determined by the size and valency differences between the solute and the solvent.
Abstract: Single crystals of magnesium containing varying amounts of In, Al, Pb and Bi in solid solution have been deformed in tension over a range of temperature between 4.2°k and 500°k. The critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) for basal slip has been examined in the light of the existing solution hardening theories. The earlier published data on Zn, Cd, Tl and Li solutes were included in arriving at a generalized solution hardening model for magnesium. The CRSS in the plateau region (above 295°k) can be described best with a C 2/3 relationship, where C is the atom fraction of solute. The strengthening mechanism was found to be one involving the interaction of solute atoms with edge dislocations. The extent of hardening is determined by the size and valency differences between the solute and the solvent. The valency term was found equivalent to the modulus interaction term of the statistical solution hardening theories. The CRSS at 0°k increases linearly with alloying at concentrations of solute above 0....

186 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a set of CoCrFeNiMn-based high entropy alloys, containing 0, 2.0, 3.4 and 4.8% of carbon, was examined in as-solidified conditions.

185 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a geometrically linear formulation of higher gradient plasticity of single and polycrystalline material based on the continuum theory of dislocations and incompatibilities was developed.
Abstract: This paper develops a geometrically linear formulation of higher gradient plasticity of single and polycrystalline material based on the continuum theory of dislocations and incompatibilities As a result, a phenomenological but physically motivated description of hardening is obtained, which incorporates for single crystals second order spatial derivatives of the plastic deformation gradient and for polycrystals fourth order spatial derivatives of the plastic strains into the yield condition Moreover, these modifications mimic the characteristic structure of kinematic hardening, whereby the backstress obeys a nonlocal evolution law For the one-dimensional example of an infinite shear layer the relation between the characteristic length l and the width w of a localized elasto–plastic shear band is examined in detail for both cases

184 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a simplified theoretical model of a compressed rigid-linearly strain hardening metal strip is studied and a closed-form solution is derived for the crushing distance of unstiffened as well as transversly stiffened box columns.

184 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
202250
2021989
20201,144
20191,076
20181,038
2017981