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Hardening (metallurgy)
About: Hardening (metallurgy) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 25584 publications have been published within this topic receiving 376012 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the influence of microstructure on room temperature and elevated temperature strength was investigated and it was found that substructure refinement was a much more potent means of strengthening at room temperature than was dispersion hardening.
165 citations
165 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the theoretical concept described in the preceding paper (part I) and examined the RT yield stress of the strengthened Nickel base alloys Nimonic PE 16 and Nimonic 105.
165 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a three-dimensional, anisotropic constitutive model is presented to model the in-plane elastic-plastic deformation of paper and paperboard, where the initial yield surface is directly constructed from internal state variables comprising the yield strengths measured in various loading directions and the corresponding ratios of plastic strain components.
164 citations
25 Mar 2011-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, a 3D representation of dislocation structure evolution during cyclic loading is proposed on the basis of the microstructural observations, which provides a deeper insight into the development of dislocated structures in AISI 316L during low cycle fatigue loading at room temperature.
Abstract: The cyclic deformation response of an austenitic stainless steel is characterised in terms of its cyclic peak tensile stress properties by three stages of behaviour: a hardening stage followed by a softening stage, and finally a stable stress response stage. A series of tests have been performed and interrupted at selected numbers of cycles in the different stages of mechanical response. At each interruption point, specimens have been examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with different beam directions by means of the tilting function in order to investigate the formation and the development of dislocation structures from the as-received condition until the end of fatigue life. A new 3D representation of dislocation structure evolution during cyclic loading is proposed on the basis of the microstructural observations. The 3D representation provides a deeper insight into the development of dislocation structures in AISI 316L during low cycle fatigue loading at room temperature. By investigating the dislocation evolution, the study shows that the hardening response is mainly associated with an increase of total dislocation density, whereas the softening stage is a result of the formation of dislocation-free regions. Further development of the dislocation structure into a cellular structure is responsible for the stable stress response stage.
164 citations