Topic
Hardening (metallurgy)
About: Hardening (metallurgy) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 25584 publications have been published within this topic receiving 376012 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the microstructure of stainless steel is characterized by a very high density of small Frank loops present in sizes as small as 1 nm and perhaps lower, which could be of both vacancy and interstitial-type.
154 citations
25 May 2006-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the electron back scattering diffraction technique to reveal changes of bulk microstructure due to cyclic loading and minor changes of dislocation microstructures were detected by transmission electron microscopy, which was attributed to high stability of the grain structure and lower purity of the examined ultrafine-grained copper.
Abstract: Fatigue lifetime under stress control of ultrafine-grained Cu of 99.9% purity prepared by equal channel angular pressing is shown to exceed that of conventionally grained cold worked counterparts by a factor of 1.7 in the low-, high- and very-high-cycle region. The electron back scattering diffraction technique did not reveal changes of bulk microstructure due to cyclic loading. Minor changes of dislocation microstructure were detected by transmission electron microscopy. Qualitative change from moderate cyclic hardening to cyclic softening was observed with increasing stress amplitude. Comparison of S–N data with those available in literature shows substantially higher lifetime of the material studied in this work in the high- and very-high-cycle region. This effect is attributed to the high stability of the grain structure and lower purity of the examined ultrafine-grained copper.
154 citations
30 Apr 2012-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, the appearance of mechanical twins during tensile straining was investigated for a Fe-20%Mn-1.2%C TWIP steel and the twinning rate was estimated by means of point counting analysis on EBSD micrographs at different strain levels.
Abstract: High-manganese austenitic TWIP steels exhibit very high strength and elongation before necking. The peculiarity of these steels is that mechanical twins form during straining due to their low stacking fault energy (SFE). These twins are usually thought to have a huge impact on the outstanding properties of the materials, either by bringing about a dynamic Hall & Petch effect and/or a composite effect. In this study, the appearance of mechanical twins during tensile straining is investigated for a Fe-20%Mn-1.2%C TWIP steel. The twinning rate was estimated by means of point counting analysis on EBSD micrographs at different strain levels. The reliability of this method is first thoroughly discussed. It is then shown that there exists a first order relationship between this twinning rate and the work hardening rate. © 2012 Elsevier B.V..
154 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that the excellent strain hardening ability gives rise to remarkable resistance to shear localization, which makes this material an excellent candidate for penetration protection applications such as armors.
Abstract: The mechanical behavior of a single phase (fcc) Al0.3CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) was studied in the low and high strain-rate regimes. The combination of multiple strengthening mechanisms such as solid solution hardening, forest dislocation hardening, as well as mechanical twinning leads to a high work hardening rate, which is significantly larger than that for Al and is retained in the dynamic regime. The resistance to shear localization was studied by dynamically-loading hat-shaped specimens to induce forced shear localization. However, no adiabatic shear band could be observed. It is therefore proposed that the excellent strain hardening ability gives rise to remarkable resistance to shear localization, which makes this material an excellent candidate for penetration protection applications such as armors.
154 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the occurrence of such an "anomaly" is not restricted to anisotropic plasticity, but also in the case of hypoelasticity and classical isotropic hardening plasticity theory.
153 citations