Hazardous waste

About: Hazardous waste is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 13112 publications have been published within this topic receiving 172853 citations.

Environmental Applications of Semiconductor Photocatalysis

Abstract: The civilian, commercial, and defense sectors of most advanced industrialized nations are faced with a tremendous set of environmental problems related to the remediation of hazardous wastes, contaminated groundwaters, and the control of toxic air contaminants. For example, the slow pace of hazardous waste remediation at military installations around the world is causing a serious delay in conversion of many of these facilities to civilian uses. Over the last 10 years problems related to hazardous waste remediation have emerged as a high national and international priority.

Integrated Solid Waste Management: Engineering Principles and Management Issues

Abstract: I Perspectives 1 Evolution of Solid Waste Management 2 Legislative Trends and Impacts II Sources, Composition, and Properties of Solid Waste 3 Sources, Types, and Composition of Municipal Solid Waste 4 Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties of Municipal Solid Waste 5 Sources, Types and Properties of Hazardous Wastes Found In Municipal Solid Waste III Engineering Principles 6 Generation of Solid Wastes 7 Waste Handling and Separation, Storage, and Processing at the Source 8 Collection of Solid Wastes 9 Separation and Processing and Transformation of Waste Materials 10 Transfer and Transport 11 Disposal and Solid Wastes and Residual Matter IV Separation, Transformation, and Recycling of Waste Materials 12 Materials Separation and Processing Technologies 13 Thermal Conversion Technologies 14 Biological and Chemical Conversion Technologies 15 Recycling of Materials Found in Municipal Solid Waste V Closure, Restoration, and Rehabilitation of Landfills 16 Remedial Actions for Abandoned Waste Disposal Sites VI Solid Waste Management and Planning Issues 17 Meeting Federal and State Mandated Diversion Goals 18 Implementation of Solid Waste Management Options 19 Planning, Siting, and Permitting of Waste Management Facilities Appendixes

Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of Hazardous Heavy Metals: Environmental Persistence, Toxicity, and Bioaccumulation

Abstract: Heavy metals are well-known environmental pollutants due to their toxicity, persistence in the environment, and bioaccumulative nature. Their natural sources include weathering of metal-bearing rocks and volcanic eruptions, while anthropogenic sources include mining and various industrial and agricultural activities. Mining and industrial processing for extraction of mineral resources and their subsequent applications for industrial, agricultural, and economic development has led to an increase in the mobilization of these elements in the environment and disturbance of their biogeochemical cycles. Contamination of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems with toxic heavy metals is an environmental problem of public health concern. Being persistent pollutants, heavy metals accumulate in the environment and consequently contaminate the food chains. Accumulation of potentially toxic heavy metals in biota causes a potential health threat to their consumers including humans. This article comprehensively reviews the different aspects of heavy metals as hazardous materials with special focus on their environmental persistence, toxicity for living organisms, and bioaccumulative potential. The bioaccumulation of these elements and its implications for human health are discussed with a special coverage on fish, rice, and tobacco. The article will serve as a valuable educational resource for both undergraduate and graduate students and for researchers in environmental sciences. Environmentally relevant most hazardous heavy metals and metalloids include Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg, and As. The trophic transfer of these elements in aquatic and terrestrial food chains/webs has important implications for wildlife and human health. It is very important to assess and monitor the concentrations of potentially toxic heavy metals and metalloids in different environmental segments and in the resident biota. A comprehensive study of the environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology of hazardous heavy metals and metalloids shows that steps should be taken to minimize the impact of these elements on human health and the environment.