Hazardous waste

Abstract: The civilian, commercial, and defense sectors of most advanced industrialized nations are faced with a tremendous set of environmental problems related to the remediation of hazardous wastes, contaminated groundwaters, and the control of toxic air contaminants. For example, the slow pace of hazardous waste remediation at military installations around the world is causing a serious delay in conversion of many of these facilities to civilian uses. Over the last 10 years problems related to hazardous waste remediation have emerged as a high national and international priority.

Abstract: I Perspectives 1 Evolution of Solid Waste Management 2 Legislative Trends and Impacts II Sources, Composition, and Properties of Solid Waste 3 Sources, Types, and Composition of Municipal Solid Waste 4 Physical, Chemical, and Biological Properties of Municipal Solid Waste 5 Sources, Types and Properties of Hazardous Wastes Found In Municipal Solid Waste III Engineering Principles 6 Generation of Solid Wastes 7 Waste Handling and Separation, Storage, and Processing at the Source 8 Collection of Solid Wastes 9 Separation and Processing and Transformation of Waste Materials 10 Transfer and Transport 11 Disposal and Solid Wastes and Residual Matter IV Separation, Transformation, and Recycling of Waste Materials 12 Materials Separation and Processing Technologies 13 Thermal Conversion Technologies 14 Biological and Chemical Conversion Technologies 15 Recycling of Materials Found in Municipal Solid Waste V Closure, Restoration, and Rehabilitation of Landfills 16 Remedial Actions for Abandoned Waste Disposal Sites VI Solid Waste Management and Planning Issues 17 Meeting Federal and State Mandated Diversion Goals 18 Implementation of Solid Waste Management Options 19 Planning, Siting, and Permitting of Waste Management Facilities Appendixes

Abstract: Produced water is the largest waste stream generated in oil and gas industries. It is a mixture of different organic and inorganic compounds. Due to the increasing volume of waste all over the world in the current decade, the outcome and effect of discharging produced water on the environment has lately become a significant issue of environmental concern. Produced water is conventionally treated through different physical, chemical, and biological methods. In offshore platforms because of space constraints, compact physical and chemical systems are used. However, current technologies cannot remove small-suspended oil particles and dissolved elements. Besides, many chemical treatments, whose initial and/or running cost are high and produce hazardous sludge. In onshore facilities, biological pretreatment of oily wastewater can be a cost-effective and environmental friendly method. As high salt concentration and variations of influent characteristics have direct influence on the turbidity of the effluent, it is appropriate to incorporate a physical treatment, e.g., membrane to refine the final effluent. For these reasons, major research efforts in the future could focus on the optimization of current technologies and use of combined physico-chemical and/or biological treatment of produced water in order to comply with reuse and discharge limits.

Abstract: Electronic waste, or e-waste, is an emerging problem as well as a business opportunity of increasing significance, given the volumes of e-waste being generated and the content of both toxic and valuable materials in them. The fraction including iron, copper, aluminium, gold and other metals in e-waste is over 60%, while pollutants comprise 2.70%. Given the high toxicity of these pollutants especially when burned or recycled in uncontrolled environments, the Basel Convention has identified e-waste as hazardous, and developed a framework for controls on transboundary movement of such waste. The Basel Ban, an amendment to the Basel Convention that has not yet come into force, would go one step further by prohibiting the export of e-waste from developed to industrializing countries. Section 1 of this paper gives readers an overview on the e-waste topic—how e-waste is defined, what it is composed of and which methods can be applied to estimate the quantity of e-waste generated. Considering only PCs in use, by one estimate, at least 100 million PCs became obsolete in 2004. Not surprisingly, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) today already constitutes 8% of municipal waste and is one of the fastest growing waste fractions. Section 2 provides insight into the legislation and initiatives intended to help manage these growing quantities of e-waste. Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is being propagated as a new

Abstract: Le devenir des polluants dans l'environnement souterrain peut etre modifie par la presence de colloides dans ce milieu