Showing papers on "Haze published in 1974"

Influence of Clouds, Haze, and Smog on the Middle Ultraviolet Reaching the Ground

Abstract: We extend the multiple scattering formalism of Shettle and Green using a turbid atmosphere of uniform horizontal layers with vertical nonhomogeneities by introducing uniform cloud, haze, and smog layers. Our solution follows the rigorous equations of Chandrasekhar. The fact that it is capable of handling a cloud layer of large optical thickness with minimal subdivision of that layer permits a fast computer solution. A formalism for treating a fractional cloud layer is presented, and this allows the interesting possibility of an increase in the global flux over the clear-sky case that was not allowed by the uniform layers. The uv spectral and dose results are then compared with existing experimental data, and averaged effects are presented and parameterized.

Effect of various polyphenols on the rate of haze formation in beer

Abstract: The effect of the addition of a range of monomeric, dimeric and polymeric polyphenols to beer on the rate of haze formation has been examined. Monomeric polyphenols had no significant effect on haze formation. The addition to beer of dimeric or polymeric polyphenols caused a large increase in the rate of haze formation.

Increasing the chill haze stability of aqueous liquids derived from fruits and vegetables

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved process for increasing the chill haze stability of aqueous liquids derived from fruits and vegetables, (e.g., beer, wine, fruit juices, vinegar, etc.) by using one or more haze control agents in a precoat or after precoat layer in the filter media used to filter the liquid and by adding one or more haze control agents as a body feed upstream of the filter. In a preferred embodiment one or more haze control agents are also added in ruh storage at a time in the process significantly before the filtration step. This improved process permits the beverage to be packaged immediately after filtration, thus eliminating the time consuming and space consuming storage following filtration normally required by conventional chill haze control techniques.

Dessens' Droplets in the Near and Middle Infrared Spectrum of the Sun

Abstract: Measurements of the monochromatic atmospheric extinction of solar radiation (in the 0.65–13.5 µm wavelength interval) in the Po Valley and neighboring mountainous areas show the occurrence during the morning (after the night inversion) of an evolution both in concentration and size distribution of airborne particulate matter. The time pattern of a (λ), the monochromatic particle optical thickness, interpreted on the basis of a linear combination of Deirmendjian haze models, indicates that atmospheric particles turn into water droplets during the morning, probably near the top of the convective boundary layer where the relative humidity increases. The results are discussed in relation to other experimental and theoretical work and in terms of local meteorological evolution. They are consistent with the growth in the local atmosphere of condensation nuclei active below water saturation. The attenuation of solar radiation occurring in the 8–13 µm continuum is also discussed in terms of observed time...

Scattering in liquid haze ‐ analytic approximations

Abstract: An analytic formula is derived which describes approximately the scattering of electromagnetic waves in a haze. This formula is compared, and found to agree well, with the exact results from Mie theory that are available in the literature. The formula is used to arrive at a simple, nonredundant, but complete parametrization of the aerosol model.

Haze and sun angle effects on automatic classification of satellite data-simulation and correction

Abstract: Variations in sun angle and haze level change the spectral signatures collected by multispectral scanners (MSS). This paper describes methods and computer programs that have been developed to simulate the effect of such variations and to correct for them. A basic program, Prediction of the Response of Earth Pointed Sensors (PREPS), is used to calculate the response of the sensor as a function of solar angle, atmospheric haze level, and target reflectance. It is then simply a matter of interpolating these results to simulate changes in haze level or solar angle. In principle, this can be done for any sensor, although at the present time it has been completed for only one - the ERTS-1 MSS.

Effect of atmospheric haze and sun angle on automatic classification of ERTS-1 data

Abstract: The effect of variations in sun angle and haze level on the accuracy of automatic classification of Earth Resources Technology Satellite-1 (ERTS-1) data was studied by classifying ERTS imagery in which such variations were computer-simulated. It was found that relatively small changes in sun angle and haze level can substantially reduce classification accuracy.