Showing papers on "Haze published in 1979"
TL;DR: In this paper, the anomalously low ozone concentrations in the upper stratosphere, noted after the eruption of Agung and Fuego in 1974, may not be real, due to the unusually large increase in stratospheric aerosol concentration resulting from the volcanic quiescence.
Abstract: The unusually large increase in stratospheric aerosol concentration resulting from the eruption of Agung in 1963 is shown to produce fictitious anomalies in the record of vertical ozone profiles determined from Umkehr observations at Aspendale, Australia The anomalies are of sufficient magnitude that an empirical haze error to the profiles can be extracted from a comparison between seasonal averages of ozone profiles observed shortly after the Agung event and ozone profiles observed during periods of volcanic quiescence Haze errors to the ozone profiles are also theoretically calculated for various models of vertical profiles of aerosols, ranging from relatively large concentrations of tropospheric aerosols to large concentrations located exclusively in the stratosphere It is shown that the theoretically determined haze errors are essentially of the same character as those determined empirically Haze error corrections are applied to a long-term Umkehr record of north temperate upper stratospheric ozone concentration following Agung The results imply that the anomalously low ozone concentrations in the upper stratosphere, noted after the eruption of Agung and Fuego in 1974, may not be real
48 citations
TL;DR: The optical properties of polymers, produced photolytically from ethylene, which was detected in Titan's atmosphere and from acetylene or hydrogen cyanide which may be present there, were studied experimentally as mentioned in this paper.
40 citations
TL;DR: The increasingly sensitive tools of atmospheric chemists seem to have revealed a potential problem where it was least expected in the Arctic haze and in other places considered to be among the cleanest in the world, apparent excesses of heavy metals, sulfate, and acidity remain to be fully explained.
Abstract: In the case of the Arctic haze, the increasingly sensitive tools of atmospheric chemists seem to have revealed a potential problem where it was least expected. In other places considered to be among the cleanest in the world, such as Hawaii, Samoa, Greenland, and Antarctica, apparent excesses of heavy metals, sulfate, and acidity remain to be fully explained. Some of these may in fact be natural, perhaps resulting from volcanic emissions, for example, but the environmental effects, if any, of true pollutants will have to be evaluated. That analysis will undoubtedly be even more complex than unraveling their chemistry.
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of multiple-scattering computations based on whole-disk and digicon polarization observations are presented which indicate vertical inhomogeneity in the upper atmosphere of Venus.
Abstract: Results of multiple-scattering computations based on whole-disk and Digicon polarization observations are presented which indicate vertical inhomogeneity in the upper atmosphere of Venus. It is shown that the whole-disk observations support a thin upper haze layer of 0.18-micron particles and that the low polarization observed near the limb and terminator requires a haze of slightly larger particles. The Digicon polar regions are found to exhibit increased polarization, which is compatible with CO2 absorption measurements and is explained by increased molecular scattering above the clouds. The decrease in cloud-top height for latitudes greater than 45 deg is estimated to be approximately 1.4 km.
14 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a sequence of Voyager images of high-latitude haze, which extends through the Jovian stratosphere into the mesosphere is presented and discussed and discussed.
Abstract: Remote sensing observations of the Jovian atmosphere at wavelengths ranging from UV to the IR are affected by the presence of haze layers above the visible clouds. These layers are difficult to detect as they generally contain submicron particles. In the present paper, a sequence of Voyager images of high-latitude haze, which extends through the Jovian stratosphere into the mesosphere is presented and discussed.
12 citations
TL;DR: In this article, UBV pinhole scans of the disk were obtained with a photoelectric area-scanning photometer and an analysis of these data reveals that the atmosphere of Saturn can be represented by a finite clear H2 layer overlying a semi-infinite absorbent aerosol haze.
9 citations
TL;DR: In this article, meteorological data and information on condensation nuclei (CN) levels were collected from the peak area of Mount Kenya over a short period in July 1977, and the relationship between CN, vertical temperature structure and wind speed was examined.
Abstract: Meteorological data and information on condensation nuclei (CN) levels were collected from the peak area of Mount Kenya over a short period in July 1977. The relationship between CN, vertical temperature structure and wind speed is examined. A schematic model of the behavior of haze layers near the top of the mountain is suggested.
7 citations
Journal Article•
4 citations
TL;DR: The slant meteorological visibility (SVM) as mentioned in this paper is defined as the maximum distance from an observation point at which diffused reflecting objects are detectable on the ground and the relative run of the haze stratification; it can be solved by microcomputers.
Abstract: The slant meteorological visibilities V NS and V 5S are the projections of the slant sight paths have regular transmittances of 2 and 5 per cent respectively on horizontal ground. As with the horizontal meteorological visibility† for horizontal observations for slant observation, the slant meteorological visibility describes the maximum distance from an observation point at which diffused reflecting objects are detectable. The mathematical formula includes only the horizontal meteorological visibility on the ground and the relative run of the haze stratification; it can be solved by microcomputers. In some examples the runs of the visual ranges air-to-ground and ground-to-air are shown for typical meteorological situations. Thus, in practice, the slant meteorological visibility is likely to be a useful complement to the synoptically already disposable horizontal meteorological visibility.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of melt temperature on dart drop impact goes through an optimum and overall haze decreases with increasing melt temperature, while films made from two-phase grades have lower dart drop values and they are somewhat scattered.
4 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used electro-optical particle counters to measure the sizes and concentrations of haze droplets in warm fog and found that the presence of haze impacts visibility.
Abstract: This paper presents recent measurements, obtained with the use of electro-optical particle counters, of the sizes and concentrations of droplets in warm fogs. These measurements show that high concentrations of haze droplets coexist in the fog with fog droplets of the usual size range. The measurements are used to calculate the visibility within the fog. It is clear from the calculations that the haze droplets contribute significantly to the degradation of visibility in certain of the fogs. Calculations are then performed that show the effects of hygroscopic seeding on the visibility within the fog. The results indicate that the presence of the haze droplets impairs the clearing of the fog. Any system for clearing fogs must include a means of removing, or at least reducing the haze droplets.
TL;DR: It has been shown that bound-bound opacity due to electronic transitions of molecules CN, CaH, MgH, and TiO explains, in a first approximation, the line haze opacity postulated by Zwaan (1974) for the region 0.5 μm to 0.9 μm of the umbral spectrum as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: It has been shown that bound-bound opacity due to electronic transitions of molecules CN, CaH, MgH, and TiO explains, in a first approximation, the line haze opacity postulated by Zwaan (1974) for the region 0.5 μm to 0.9 μm of the umbral spectrum.
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: The pollution that produces acid rain, known to travel hundreds of kilometers from its source, may continue its travels into the pristine Arctic as discussed by the authors, where it is known to cause acid rain.
Abstract: The pollution that produces acid rain, known to travel hundreds of kilometers from its source, may continue its travels into the pristine Arctic.
Journal Article•
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: In this paper, large and local-scale atmospheric phenomena and effects, detected in DMSP visible and infrared imagery, are illustrated and correlated with conventional surface and upper-air data.
Abstract: : Large- and local-scale atmospheric phenomena and effects, detected in DMSP visible and infrared imagery, are illustrated and correlated with conventional surface and upper-air data. Oceanographic phenomena are similarly described and documented. Examples of large-scale atmospheric phenomena are; jet streams, cellular cloud patterns, anomalous cloud lines, cloud lines in general, and vortical cloud patterns. Local-scale atmospheric effects include: land and sea breezes; valley-ridge circulation patterns; fog, haze, and atmospheric pollution; severe weather; and air-sea interaction. The oceanographic section contains examples of oceanic fronts and eddies, upwelling, internal waves, coastal sediment, and sea ice. The examples shown are presented as case studies, following detailed introductions which provide background concerning the phenomena and their usefulness in determining related parameters for environmental analysis and prediction.
01 Dec 1979
TL;DR: In this article, high-density fog drop-size data from the time near fog formation through the time of near fog dissipation was available at 5-minute intervals from field measurements carried out at Meppen, Germany, on 3-4 March 1978.
Abstract: : For the first time in the field of cloud physics, high-density fog drop-size data from the time near fog formation through the time near fog dissipation became available at 5-minute intervals from field measurements carried out at Meppen, Germany, on 3-4 March 1978. The fog was believed to have been brought about by frontal passage. Extinction coefficients in the 0.55 micrometers, 3.80 micrometers, and 10.6 micrometers spectral regions were calculated from the measured drop-size distributions and plotted as a function of time to depict optical evolution of the fog. Such spectral evolution in relation to fog microphysical evolution was examined in detail to attempt to formulate optical models or scaling laws for electro-optical sensors applications. A cursory comparison was made with the California advection and radiation-advection fogs observed at Fort Ord on 3 and 9 May 1978, respectively, because the available data portrayed only portions of their life cycles. Because of their low liquid water contents and high number concentration, the haze regimes in these fogs played a dominant role in 'messing up' spectral transmission in the 0.55 micrometers, and 3.80 micrometers regions, usually during the phase of fog formation. In the final analysis, the choice of a particular or a general model or scaling law should be dictated by the sensitivities and requirements of the electro-optical sensors to be deployed.
01 Jan 1979