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Head (linguistics)

About: Head (linguistics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2540 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29023 citations. The topic is also known as: nucleus.


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01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: The paper proposes that the syntactic requirement for LTR is that it apply only between items that, together, form the head of a phrase, and it proposes an intermediate level of structure (called "little xp") that forms a phrasal head.
Abstract: Bole has a tonal process, referred to as Low Tone Raising (LTR) in this paper, first described by Lukas (1969) with additional information added by Gimba (1998), whereby a high tone spreads from the final syllable of a word and replaces a low tone on the initial syllable of a following word. LTR is blocked if the L-bearing syllable begins in voiced obstruent. LTR is licensed only in certain syntactic environments, notably N + N genitives, V + nominal direct object, and clitic + host. It is blocked from applying in certain other environments, including Noun plus any post-nominal modifier. In addition to these syntactic conditions on LTR, certain word classes never undergo and/or never condition LTR, even where the phonological and syntactic conditions are met. Most notable among these word classes are proper names. The paper proposes that the syntactic requirement for LTR is that it apply only between items that, together, form the head of a phrase, and it proposes an intermediate level of structure (called "little xp") that forms a phrasal head. In some cases, syntactic structure must be adjusted to allow for LTR, esp. in the case of mono-moraic clitics plus their hosts. It is suggested that proper names, which neither undergo nor condition LTR, are tonal "islands".

4 citations

Proceedings ArticleDOI
01 Feb 2018
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of cooperative learning model Numbered head together and talking stick to the motivation and learning outcomes of students' class X on the material of redox reactions in SMAN 1 Poso Pesisir Utara was investigated.
Abstract: Learning success in the sense of achieving the standard of competence was very dependent on the ability of teachers learning the process. Therefore, the researcher applies cooperative learning model that was suitable for improved students’ motivation and enthusiasm that cooperative learning model Number Head Together and Talking Stick. This study aimed to determine the effect of cooperative learning model Numbered Head Together and Talking stick to the motivation and learning outcomes of students’ class X on the material of redox reactions in SMAN 1 Poso Pesisir Utara. This research was a preexperimental with the static pretest-posttest group design. The samples of this study were students Xa as a class experiment 1 and the total student was 31 students than student Xc as a class experiment 2 has 32 students. The results of data analysis, the average value ( 1 X ) class experiment 1 is 68.21 and ( 2 X ) the class experiment 2 is 62.00. Results of testing hypotheses by statistical t-test two parties obtained t-table ≤tcount≥ + t-table (t-count = 48,22 for class experiment 1 ; t-count = 55,59 for class experiment 2 and t-table = 1.67) with a significance level  = 0.05 and degrees of freedom 61, then H0 rejected and Ha be accepted. The results of data analysis of student learning motivation questionnaire showed that the experimental class 1 was the attitude of "agree" with the positive category was 83.69% and the experimental class 2 are in the attitude of "agree" with the positive category was 83.77%. It can be concluded that there was the influence of cooperative learning model Number Head Together and Talking stick on redox towards students to the motivation and learning outcomes. Keywords—Numbered Head Together; Talking Stick; Motivation; Learning Outcomes; Redox.

4 citations

27 Nov 2008
Abstract: This paper investigates bound relational morphemes (RMs) in the Ket language isolate of Siberia. While certain RMs have traditionally been called case suffixes and others postpositions, not even those labeled dative or ablative display all of the properties identified by Plank (2002) as characteristic of canonical case markers. Many can attach to finite verbs as well as nouns or pronouns, imparting analogous meanings in either combination. Formal differences among RMs, such as the presence or absence of a pronominal connector, fail to coincide with any functional division between case-like markers with general meanings, postposition-like morphemes, and converbs used to subordinate finite verbs in complex sentences. A prosodic analysis reveals RMs to be clitics rather than affixes, casting doubt on their capacity to build true word forms. We argue that Ket relational enclitics comprise a unified morphosyntactic category that creates adjuncts by negating the head status of nominals or finite verb forms. These morphemes convert head-bearing form classes into non-heads rather than build discrete inflectional paradigms of lexemes belonging to a particular part of speech. This interpretation supports the view of Krjukova & Grishina (2004) that Ket syntax is founded on a basic division between nominal, finite verb, and non-head (i.e., modifier). Forms with head-negating enclitics represent the set of morphologically marked non-heads.

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
05 Nov 2018
TL;DR: It can be concluded that the translator often used Through translation procedure to translate noun phrases into Indonesian because she wants to deliver the message of the text as natural as possible.
Abstract: This research is conducted to identify the noun phrase and its types in Carlo Collodi’s novel entitled Pinoccio as well as procedures used to translate them in the translation version entitled Pinokio which was translated by Wiwin Indiarti. The data of this descriptive qualitative research are noun phrases found in the novel and their translation in Indonesian. Documentation is used to collect the data. Meanwhile, content analysis method is applied for analyzing data in relation to their contexts. The result of this research shows that there are 5.283 noun phrases in chapter 1 to chapter 36 of Pinochio novel. It is also found that there are 3 types of noun phrase. They are: 1) noun phrase type I which is identified as Modifier + Head (M+H) with 2.985 data, 2) noun phrase type II which is identified as Head + Modifier (M+H) with 425 data, and 3) noun phrase type III which is identified as Modifier + Head + Modifier (M+H) with 1.873 data. Furthermore, the translator used eleven translation procedures to translate noun phrases proposed by Newmark. Those procedures are 1) translation by Transference with frequency of 93 data (1.8%), 2) translation by Naturalization with frequancy of 102 data (2.1%), 3) translation by Cultural Equivalent with frequency of 308 data (6.2%), 4) translation by Functional Equivalent with frequancy of 97 data (1.9%) translation by Componential Analysis with frequancy of 773 data (14.7%), 6) translation by Synonymy with frequancy of 738 data (14.9%), 7) translation by Through-translation with frequancy of 1.205 data (24.3%), 8) translation by Shift or Transposition with frequancy of 792 data (17%), 9) translation by Compensation with frequancy of 438 data (8%). 10 translation by Couplets with frequency 173 (3.4%), and 11) translation by Modulation with frequency 43 (1%). It can be concluded that the translator often used Through translation procedure to translate noun phrases into Indonesian. It was used because she wants to deliver the message of the text as natural as possible

4 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors of as mentioned in this paper have speculated on the epoch and culture to which the so-called laughing faces belonged, but with only a small number of sporadic finds they have not been able to explain satisfactorily their origin, cultural epoch, symbolism, or typological evolution.
Abstract: Various authors in the past have speculated on the epoch and culture to which the so-called “Laughing Faces” belonged. But with only a small number of sporadic finds they have not been able to explain satisfactorily their origin, cultural epoch, symbolism, or typological evolution. There exist, however, some useful works on the subject, such as those by Phillip Drucker, C. W. Weiant, J. L. Melgarejo, Vladimiro Rosado Ojeda, Alfonso Medellin Zenil, and Fredrick Peterson. In the fall of 1952 the antiquity market of Mexico City was suddenly flooded with sculptured pieces of which the “Laughing Faces,” or “Smiling Heads,” formed the chief part. Their source was made known when the Presidente Municipal (Mayor) of the village of Joachin, in the municipality of Tierra Blanca, Veracruz, denounced illegal excavations in his territory. The looting of the archaeological zones had taken place in the small communities of Los Cerros and Dicha Tuerta.

4 citations


Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20222
202168
202090
201986
201890
201790