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Head (linguistics)

About: Head (linguistics) is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2540 publications have been published within this topic receiving 29023 citations. The topic is also known as: nucleus.


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Proceedings Article
05 Jul 2001
TL;DR: This system for the Senseval-2 all words task uses automatically acquired selectional preferences to sense tag subject and object head nouns, along with the associated verbal predicates, without recourse to sense tagged data so this system is unsupervised.
Abstract: Our system for the Senseval-2 all words task uses automatically acquired selectional preferences to sense tag subject and object head nouns, along with the associated verbal predicates. The selectional preferences comprise probability distributions over WordNet nouns, and these distributions are conditioned on WordNet verb classes. The conditional distributions are used directly to disambiguate the head nouns. We use prior distributions and Bayes rule to compute the highest probability verb class, given a noun class. We also use anaphora resolution and the 'one sense per discourse' heuristic to cover nouns and verbs not occurring in these relationships in the target text. The selectional preferences are acquired without recourse to sense tagged data so our system is unsupervised.

26 citations

01 Apr 2012
TL;DR: Identity requirements under ellipsis provide evidence that there are cases of head movement that take place in the PF-component that are not part of narrow syntax or the semantic component.
Abstract: Within the minimalist approach, however, this traditional view has been argued to be problematic (cf. e.g. Chomsky 1995, 2001; Brody 2000; Surányi 2005; Matushansky 2006).Firstly, head movement generally seems to lack semantic effects. Secondly, it violates well-established principles of narrow syntax: for instance, it goes against the Extension Condition and the head of the movement chain does not c-command its tail. These problems have been considered evidence that head movement cannot be part of narrow syntax or the semantic component. Chomsky (1995:358) therefore suggested that verb second word order may be “formed by phonological operations”. Later, he extended this proposal, saying that “a substantial core of head-raising processes” may take place in the phonological component instead of narrow syntax (2001:37). This stance was adopted by for instance Boeckx & Stjepanović (2001), Hale & Keyser (2002), Harley (2004), and Platzack (to appear). Other researchers (such as Matushansky 2006; Lechner 2007; Iatridou & Zeijlstra 2010; Roberts 2010) continue to adhere to syntactic head movement. This paper aims at contributing to this discussion, by considering the interaction between head movement and ellipsis. Identity requirements under ellipsis provide evidence that there are cases of head movement that take place in the PF-component. The paper proceeds as follows. Section two introduces the phenomenon of verb-stranding VPellipsis, which involves verbal head movement out of an ellipsis site. The ‘stranded’ verbs in this

26 citations

01 Jan 2002
TL;DR: The proposed approach allows marking elements to be related to other lexical heads (prepositions, in particular), and marking constructions are better integrated in the grammar, rather than being grouped into an exceptional class of head-marker phrases.
Abstract: This paper calls for a reexamination of the Marking Theory of HPSG, which in its standard form involves a considerable amount of dedicated formal machinery, but which proves to be inapplicable for most types of grammatical marking. As an alternative, it is demonstrated that head-marker phrases can be reanalyzed as head-complement structures, with the marking element treated as the syntactic head. This approach allows the elimination of all markingspecific formal apparatus, with the exception of the attribute MARKING, which percolates as an ordinary HEAD feature, and whose function is significantly expanded. The proposed approach allows marking elements to be related to other lexical heads (prepositions, in particular), and marking constructions are better integrated in the grammar, rather than being grouped into an exceptional class of head-marker phrases.

26 citations

Proceedings Article
10 May 2009
TL;DR: This paper describes the machine-learning approach that creates a head nod model from annotated corpora of face-to-face human interaction, relying on the linguistic features of the surface text, and shows that the model is able to predict head nods with high precision and recall.
Abstract: During face-to-face conversation, the speaker's head is continually in motion. These movements serve a variety of important communicative functions. Our goal is to develop a model of the speaker's head movements that can be used to generate head movements for virtual agents based on a gesture annotation corpora. In this paper, we focus on the first step of the head movement generation process: predicting when the speaker should use head nods. We describe our machine-learning approach that creates a head nod model from annotated corpora of face-to-face human interaction, relying on the linguistic features of the surface text. We also describe the feature selection process, training process, and the evaluation of the learned model with test data in detail. The result shows that the model is able to predict head nods with high precision and recall.

26 citations

Patent
07 Oct 1949

26 citations


Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20222
202168
202090
201986
201890
201790