Topic
Heat-affected zone
About: Heat-affected zone is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 18787 publications have been published within this topic receiving 231744 citations.
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effects of activating fluxes and welding parameter to the penetration and depth-to-width ratio (DWR) of weld bead of Inconel 718 alloy welds in the tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process.
Abstract: The purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of activating fluxes and welding parameter to the penetration and depth-to-width ratio (DWR) of weld bead of Inconel 718 alloy welds in the tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding process. In the activating flux with TIG (A-TIG) welding process, the single-component fluxes used in the initial experiment were SiO2, NiO, MoO3, Cr2O3, TiO2, MnO2, ZnO, and MoS2. Based on the higher DWR of weld bead, four fluxes were selected to create six new mixtures using 50% of each original flux. The A-TIG weldment coated 50% SiO2 + 50% MoO3 flux and 75° of electrode tip angle were provided with better welding performance. In addition, the experimental procedure of flux-bounded TIG (FB-TIG) welding with the same welding conditions and flux produced full penetration of weld bead on a 6.35 mm thickness of Inconel 718 alloy plate with single pass weld.
78 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors performed three-dimensional transient numerical simulations using the volume of fluid method in a gas metal arc V-groove welding process with and without root gap for flat, overhead, and vertical welding positions.
78 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of pulsed current welding on tensile properties, hardness profiles, microstructural features and residual stress distribution of aluminium alloy joints were reported, and it was found to improve the tensile property of the weld compared with continuous current welding due to grain refinement occurring in the fusion zone.
78 citations
30 Oct 2012-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, precipitation hardening Al-Zn-Mg alloy AA7039 was friction stir welded with and without in-process cooling in order to investigate the effect of cooling on microstructure and tensile properties of the developed joints.
Abstract: In this investigation, precipitation hardening Al–Zn–Mg alloy AA7039 was friction stir welded with and without in-process cooling in order to investigate the effect of in-process cooling on microstructure and tensile properties of the developed joints. The in-process cooling was employed using compressed air, liquid nitrogen and normal water. The effect of in-process cooling on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld joints was investigated by means of optical microscopy, tensile and microhardness tests. Fracture surfaces of the tensile tested weld joints were studied with a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The in-process cooling decreased the size of heat affected zones (HAZs) and thermo-mechanically affected zones (TMAZs) and also reduced the size of α aluminum grains in weld nugget zone (WNZ), TMAZs and HAZs. The hardness of the HAZ was found higher than WNZ and TMAZ of the joints developed with in-process cooling while reverse trend was observed for normal joints. In-process cooling with water was found to be more effective than other in-process cooling methods, and had ultimate tensile strength and percentage elongation equivalent to 73.5% and 86.8% of the base metal. In-process cooling changed the fracture location from heat affected zone to weld nugget zone.
78 citations
Patent•
16 May 1997
TL;DR: A method and apparatus for friction stir welding that produces a weld of significantly reduced surface roughness at significantly higher welding rates, in materials that are difficult to weld, such as non-extrudable aluminum alloys, is described in this paper.
Abstract: A method and apparatus for friction stir welding that produces a weld of significantly reduced surface roughness at significantly higher welding rates, in materials that are difficult to weld, such as non-extrudable aluminum alloys. The method includes cooling the stir welding tool during the welding process, thereby reducing the tendency of softened metal to adhere to the rotating pin and shoulder of the tool. The apparatus includes a tool with internal spaces or an external jacket, through which coolant can be pumped to remove heat and cool the tool during welding operations. In another embodiment, the apparatus includes a device for spraying a coolant onto exterior surfaces of the distal end of the welding tool to thereby remove heat from the tool, and the surrounding workpiece, during welding.
78 citations