Topic
Heat-affected zone
About: Heat-affected zone is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 18787 publications have been published within this topic receiving 231744 citations.
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TL;DR: The influence of thermal cycles on the properties of the coarse grained heat affected zone in X80 microalloyed steel has been investigated in this paper, where the four-wire tandem submerged arc welding process, with different heat input values, was used to generate a welded microstructure.
75 citations
25 Oct 2011-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: Friction stir welding was carried out under different heat input and cooling rates to produce lap joints between high strength martensitic steel sheets, and microstructure of the welds was characterized and microhardness was evaluated.
Abstract: Friction stir welding was carried out under different heat input and cooling rates to produce lap joints between high strength martensitic steel sheets. The microstructure of the welds was characterized, and microhardness was evaluated. Joint efficiency was determined by lap shear test. Variation in processing conditions governed total heat input, peak temperature and cooling rate during friction stir welding. Weld nugget microstructure depended principally on cooling rate. The slowest cooling rate promoted ferrite–pearlite and the fastest cooling rate resulted in martensite formation in the weld nugget. The weakest region of all the joints was the heat affected zone, which consists of ferrite with small quantities of pearlite. Fracture during shear testing occurred along the heat affected zone of welded joints. The width and grain size of ferrite in heat affected zone controlled the joint efficiency.
75 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the distinction and characterization of aluminum to steel joints made by friction stir welding is investigated, and an attempt to address sub-techniques into three categories i.e., diffusion, plunging and annealing is made.
Abstract: Friction stir welding exploits its solid state process behaviour to join aluminum to steel, which differs in thermal and mechanical properties, and where combination of these metallic alloys by fusion welding prompts a deleterious reaction as a result of the melting and resolidification phases. This review investigates the distinction and characterization of aluminum to steel joints made by this welding method. An attempt to address sub-techniques into three categories i.e., diffusion, plunging, and annealing, is made. Steel fragments spattered at the weld zone, weld defects, sharp difference in grain size distribution, and the formed phases of the intermetallic layer and its thickness are discussed, these factors and the process welding parameters are significantly influenced the joint’s strength of this welding method.
75 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that the reflectivity of thin sheet steel was in the range of 65-80% in CO{sub 2} laser welding and that the reflection of the laser beam by the sheet surface was oxidized before laser welding.
Abstract: The joining of thin sheet steel generally involves conduction mode welding, in which the reflection of the laser beam by the sheet surface is high. The absorption of laser energy by the workpiece increases significantly during keyhole laser welding, in which a vapor-plasma-filled cavity is formed. The reflectivity of cold-rolled thin sheet steel was found to be in the range of 65--80% in CO{sub 2} laser welding. The reflectivity decreased to about 30% when the sheet surface was oxidized before laser welding. In the laser welds with surface oxidation, the oxygen inclusions and porosity were not found, but the grain size was large. However, the tensile strength of all welds--with or without surface oxidation--was higher than the base metal. The toughness of the welds with surface oxidation degraded, because of the small amount of oxygen content, but it was still comparable to the toughness of the welds without surface oxidation. The oxygen content in the welds with surface oxidation was found to be slightly higher than in the welds without surface oxidation. The mechanical properties of the welds with surface oxidation were found to improve when steel powders consisting of manganese and silicon were used during welding.
74 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the microstructure and hardness of grey cast iron was studied, and it was shown that applying PWHT resulted in the dissolution of martensite in heat affected zone and graphitization and in turn the reduction of partially melted zone hardness.
74 citations