Heat-affected zone

About: Heat-affected zone is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 18787 publications have been published within this topic receiving 231744 citations.

Methods and apparatus for cutting and welding

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for cutting, welding, drilling or surface treating a workpiece are described. A laser beam is directed towards a workpiece and an arc is struck between an electrode and the heat affected zone created by the laser beam in the workpiece.

Effect of Welding Processes and Consumables on Tensile and Impact Properties of High Strength Quenched and Tempered Steel Joints

Abstract: Quenched and tempered steels are prone to hydrogen induced cracking in the heat affected zone after welding. The use of austenitic stainless steel consumables to weld the above steel was the only available remedy because of higher solubility for hydrogen in austenitic phase. In this investigation, an attempt was made to determine a suitable consumable to replace expensive austenitic consumables. Two different consumables, namely, austenitic stainless steel and low hydrogen ferritic steel, were used to fabricate the joints by shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) and flux cored arc welding (FCAW) processes. The joints fabricated by using low hydrogen ferritic steel consumables showed superior transverse tensile properties, whereas joints fabricated by using austenitic stainless steel consumables exhibited better impact toughness, irrespective of the welding process used. The SMAW joints exhibited superior mechanical and impact properties, irrespective of the consumables used, than their FCAW counterparts.

Simulation of weld pool dynamics in the stationary pulsed gas metal arc welding process and final weld shape

Abstract: The pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW-P) process was modeled numerically using a code based on the volume of fluid (VOF) technique, chosen primarily for its ability to accurately calculate the shape and motion of free fluid surfaces, which is needed for subsequent study of welding phenomena such as bead hump formation, incomplete fusion in narrow groove welds, and weld toe geometry. According to the mathematical models with parameters obtained from analysis of high-speed video images and data acquisition (DAQ) system, GMAW-P was simulated and then validated by comparison of measured and predicted weld deposit geometry, transient radius, and temperature history. Based on the weld simulation parameters, a parametric study of weld simulation was performed to demonstrate and understand the effectiveness of individual simulation parameters on heat and fluid flow in the molten weld pool and the final configuration of stationary welds. Constricted current density drastically increased the weld penetration and decreased the weld radius, primarily by reducing the convexity of the weld deposit and promoting heat transfer to the bottom of the weld pool. Conversely, decreased arc force and increased arc pressure radius both decreased the weld penetration for the same reason. Based on the understanding of weld pool spreading, GMAW-P was simulated with an additional heat source to demonstrate the utility of the simulation in predicting final weld shape in complex welding situations.