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Heat-affected zone

About: Heat-affected zone is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 18787 publications have been published within this topic receiving 231744 citations.


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TL;DR: In this article, a 3D transient heat transfer and fluid flow model was used to calculate the initiation time of liquid metal expulsion during laser spot welding of 304 stainless steel, and the size range of ejected metal droplets was determined by examining the interior surface of the tube after the experiments.
Abstract: During laser spot welding of many metals and alloys, the peak temperatures on the weld pool surface are very high and often exceed the boiling points of materials. In such situations, the equilibrium pressure on the weld pool surface is higher than the atmospheric pressure and the escaping vapour exerts a large recoil force on the weld pool surface. As a consequence, the molten metal may be expelled from the weld pool surface. The liquid metal expulsion has been examined both experimentally and theoretically for the laser spot welding of 304 stainless steel. The ejected metal droplets were collected on the inner surface of an open ended quartz tube which was mounted perpendicular to the sample surface and co-axial with the laser beam. The size range of the ejected particles was determined by examining the interior surface of the tube after the experiments. The temperature distribution, free surface profile of the weld pool and the initiation time for liquid metal expulsion were computed based on a three-dimensional transient heat transfer and fluid flow model. By comparing the vapour recoil force with the surface tension force at the periphery of the liquid pool, the model predicted whether liquid metal expulsion would take place under different welding conditions. Expulsion of the weld metal was also correlated with the depression of the liquid metal in the middle of the weld pool due to the recoil force of the vapourized material. Higher laser power density and longer pulse duration significantly increased liquid metal expulsion during spot welding.

60 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the welding results under various shielding conditions show the relationship between the shielding condition and the quality of the weld bead, i.e., water flow rate, gas flow rate and water flow angle, on the stability of the local dry cavity.

60 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, experiments were made for welding current variation between 6kA and 12kA, and the effect of welding current on micro-properties was very slight while nugget size was highly dependent on welding current.

59 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: MIG-TIG double-sided arc welding (DSAW)-brazing process was firstly conducted to join aluminum alloy and stainless steel using Al-Si filler metal and Nocolok flux as discussed by the authors.

59 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of powder size of interface material on physical and mechanical properties of selective hybrid carbon microwave joining based SS304-SS304 welded joints have been investigated.

59 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023229
2022548
2021270
2020365
2019389
2018463