scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Heat-affected zone

About: Heat-affected zone is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 18787 publications have been published within this topic receiving 231744 citations.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the impact velocity of the welding points of Al-Fe heterologous pipe fittings was studied by combining numerical simulation and technological test with the assistance of constitutive relations of 3A21Al alloy under a high strain rate.

56 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
06 Sep 2019
TL;DR: In this article, the manufacturing processes and properties of Hadfield manganese steel were studied and the optimal structure for the Hadfield steels is the fully austenite structure and the single-phase.
Abstract: In this paper, manufacturing processes and properties of Hadfield manganese steel was studied. Due to good flexibility and excellent resistance to wear, the high strength steel is widely used in various industries such as cement, mining, road construction and railroads. Induction furnace is suitable for melting of Hadfield steel. Typically, silica, olivine and chromite sand are used to make mold in the casting process of Hadfield steel. This steel is in standard state, an alloy of Fe, C and Mn. But in certain applications, other elements such as Cr, Ti, Al, Mo, B, V, etc are added. Mn is used as the most important austenite stabilizer in Hadfield steel and its role is to delay the austenite to martensite transformation. Mn is a carbide forming element and forms Mn3C and (Fe, Mn)3C in Hadfield steel. The optimal structure for the Hadfield steels is the fully austenite structure and the single-phase. In non-heat-treated castings, the structure of the unit consists of austenitic and grain boundary carbide phase. To provide optimum toughness, the structure of the Hadfield steel should be austenitic single-phase. Twin strain has a great contribution to plastic deformation of this steel. Two phenomena of dislocation accumulation and the formation of twins during plastic deformation of these steels are the main reason of the strain hardness of this steel. The high rate of work hardening in Hadfield steel is due to strain induced transformation of γ to α or e martensite, mechanical twinning, dynamic strain aging, and the confrontation between dislocations with stacking faults. In the early stages of wear and slow wear conditions, the wear resistance of Hadfield steel is low. In conditions of slow wear, the surface is not sufficiently work hardening and thus the wear resistance of this steel is low. But with the work hardening of the surface, wear resistance rises sharply. The welding and weldability of this steel are strongly influenced by the heat input. In any case, the formation of carbide phases in the weld metal is acceptable, and often the weld metal has higher strength and lower toughness than the base metal. Carbides deposited in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of welded Hadfield steel, usually are Mn7C3 and Mn23C6.

56 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a three dimensional numerical model is developed to investigate the plasma arc welding (PAW) process, featuring by the compound volumetric heat source movement and heat transfer with phase change in the weld pool, where fluid flow is driven by a combination of surface tension, electromagnetic and buoyancy forces.

56 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the microstructure and mechanical properties of joints were analyzed by optical microscope (OM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), tensile machine and hardness machine.
Abstract: In this paper, dissimilar metals welding for butting magnesium alloys AZ31, AM60 and ZK60 was conducted by a 3 kW CO 2 laser beam. The microstructure and mechanical properties of joints were analyzed by optical microscope (OM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), tensile machine and hardness machine. The experimental results show that the welding heat input and the chemical composition of base metal have great influences on the formation of weld bead. The results of tensile test show that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the optimum joints for dissimilar metals welding is above 90% of the base metals and even higher than one of the base metals. Many precipitates distributed in the fusion zone, whose number is related to the alloy elements. The hardness test indicates that a sudden decrease of microhardness occurs in HAZ for sides of all the metals, and the hardness in the fusion zone of AZ31–AM60 joint is slightly higher than the others. The elements analysis reveals that there is an obvious compositional gradient only in the fusion zone of AM60–ZK60 joints.

56 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, microstructural analyses, microhardness tests, tensile tests and J-R tests have been conducted as a function of distance from a fusion line and temperature for HAZ materials of SA106Gr.C low alloy piping steels.

56 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Welding
206.5K papers, 1.1M citations
94% related
Alloy
171.8K papers, 1.7M citations
86% related
Microstructure
148.6K papers, 2.2M citations
85% related
Deformation (engineering)
41.5K papers, 899.7K citations
84% related
Machining
121.3K papers, 1M citations
82% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023229
2022548
2021270
2020365
2019389
2018463