Topic
Heat-affected zone
About: Heat-affected zone is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 18787 publications have been published within this topic receiving 231744 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a morphological, metallographic and structural analyses of aluminium-copper dissimilar welds produced under different friction stir welding conditions were conducted in order to analyse the mechanisms of intermetallic phases formation, its relation with welding conditions and its consequences in the weld structure and morphology.
Abstract: Morphological, metallographic and structural analyses of aluminium–copper dissimilar welds produced under different friction stir welding conditions were conducted in order to analyse the mechanisms of intermetallic phases formation, its relation with welding conditions and its consequences in the weld structure and morphology. Under lower heat input conditions, only a thin intermetallic layer distributed along the aluminium/copper interface was depicted inside the nugget. Increasing the heat input promoted material mixing and formation of increasing amounts of intermetallic rich structures. The intermetallic phase content and the homogeneity of the mixed area increased with increasing heat input, evolving from structures containing Al, Cu, CuAl2 and Cu9Al4 to structures predominantly composed of Cu9Al4 and Cu(Al). In order to explain these results, the mechanisms of intermetallic phases formation are discussed, taking into account the process parameters and material flow mechanisms in friction st...
119 citations
15 Jul 2013-Materials Science and Engineering A-structural Materials Properties Microstructure and Processing
TL;DR: In this article, the deformation behavior of a duplex stainless steel weld joint is studied and a detailed texture analysis shows that the increase of deformation percentage leads to a reinforcement of all possible components in austenite, and of the {hkl}〈110〉 components in ferrite for both the base metal and the heat affected zone (HAZ).
Abstract: The deformation behavior of a duplex stainless steel weld joint is studied. A detailed texture analysis shows that the increase of the deformation percentage leads to a reinforcement of all possible {hkl}〈111〉 and {hkl}〈100〉 components in austenite, and of the {hkl}〈110〉 components in ferrite for both the base metal (BM) and the heat affected zone (HAZ). In the weld metal (WM), a strong scatter of the crystallographic orientation relationship (OR) initially found in the solidification microstructure is recorded after deformation. The analysis of the Kernel Average Misorientation (KAM) distribution shows that the deformation is more concentrated in the base metal than in the other parts of the weld joint. The final mechanical behavior studied through microhardness measurement and micromechanical calculations, allows us to separate the contribution of both microstructural and textural evolution to the overall strain hardening of the weld joint.
119 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the porosity of laser arc hybrid welded AA6082 aluminum alloy was examined by X-ray non-destructive testing and a volume characteristic coefficient was proposed by pool profiles to predict the percent porosity.
118 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the microstructure of the base metal is composed of primary α phases and the lamellar bimodal structure, and the fracture locations of all the EBW tensile specimens are in base metal.
118 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, an interaction layer was formed between Fe and Al alloy, which was constituted by various intermetallic compounds (IMCs), which resulted in the increase in joint strength under the limited tool penetration depth (TPD).
Abstract: Dissimilar lap joints of low carbon steel and Al–Mg alloy were obtained by friction stir spot welding. Mechanically mixed layer between top and bottom plates was not formed at the weld nugget due to the limited tool penetration and the pin height of welding tool lower than the thickness of Al plate laid in top side. These welding conditions made it possible to weld steel plate using welding tools made out of a general tool steel. With increasing tool penetration depth (TPD), tensile shear force of joint increased and maximum value of 3·0 kN was obtained at the TPD of 0·5 mm, but excessive tool penetration beyond 0·5 mm was caused in a deformation of Al plate of top side. In the result of interface observation, interaction layer was formed between Fe and Al alloy, which was constituted by various intermetallic compounds (IMCs). Consequently, the size of strongly bonded area containing Fe3Al and Fe4Al13 IMCs increased with TPD, which resulted in the increase in joint strength under the limited TPD.
117 citations