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Heat-affected zone

About: Heat-affected zone is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 18787 publications have been published within this topic receiving 231744 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, successful friction stir welding of aluminum alloy 2219 using an adapted milling machine is reported, and the downward or forging force was found to be dependent upon shoulder diameter and rotational speed whereas longitudinal or welding force on welding speed and pin diameter.
Abstract: In this work, successful friction stir welding of aluminum alloy 2219 using an adapted milling machine is reported. The downward or forging force was found to be dependent upon shoulder diameter and rotational speed whereas longitudinal or welding force on welding speed and pin diameter. Tensile strength of welds was significantly affected by welding speed and shoulder diameter whereas welding speed strongly affected percentage elongation. Metallographic studies revealed fine equiaxed grains in weld nugget and microstructural changes in thermo-mechanically affected zone were found to be the result of combined and interactive influences of frictional heat and deformation. A maximum joining efficiency of 75% was obtained for welds with reasonably good percentage elongation. TEM studies indicated coarsening and/or dissolving of precipitates in nugget. For the gas metal arc weld, SEM investigations revealed segregation of copper at grain boundaries in partially melted zone.

107 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the thermal cycle during dissimilar friction spot welding of Al alloy AA5754 to Mg alloy AZ31 was measured by thermocouples located in the weld region.

107 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, an underwater FSW (underwater FSW) was employed for fabricating the weld, and the weld obtained by underwater FFW was analyzed via comparing with the welding obtained under same parameters by classical FSW.

107 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for implementing collision welding at moderate to small length scales has been developed, where instead of being driven by chemical explosives (explosive welding) or magnetic forces (magnetic pulse welding), a flyer is launched toward the target by the pressure created from the electrically driven rapid vaporization of a thin metallic conductor.

107 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a three-dimensional turbulent steady state numerical model was used to investigate the influence of an alternating current (AC) magnetic field during high power laser beam keyhole welding of 20mm thick stainless steel AISI 304 being modeled as an ideal non-ferromagnetic material.

107 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023229
2022548
2021270
2020365
2019389
2018463