Topic
Heat-affected zone
About: Heat-affected zone is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 18787 publications have been published within this topic receiving 231744 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, nominal friction stir [butt] welding process parameters for joining 4.76mm-thick aluminum alloys 6061-T6 and 7075t6 were established.
Abstract: The objective of this work is to establish nominal friction stir [butt] welding process parameters for joining 4.76-mm-thick aluminum alloys 6061-T6 and 7075-T6 and to improve the joint quality via programmed tool offsets. In addition, dynamic tool–workpiece interface temperatures are measured during welding and used to explain the effects of alloy placement and weld tool offset from the joint. Weld tool offsets into the retreating side AA7075 increase the measured tensile strength of the dissimilar joint. The increased joint strength is facilitated by lower average weld temperatures with increasing amount of AA7075 stirred into the nugget.
94 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a comprehensive experimental investigation of the resistance welding of carbon-fibre and reinforced polyetherimide (PEI) laminates is presented, where lap-shear and double-cantilever-beam specimens were resistance welded by using fabric and unidirectional heating elements.
93 citations
TL;DR: In this article, it has been shown that there is a clearly observable heat-affected zone (HAZ) when ultrasonic spot welding (USW) aluminium automotive alloys like AA6111-T4, the severity of which depends on the welding energy.
93 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the shoulder geometry on the formation and distribution of brittle structures during friction stir welding of aluminium and copper was analyzed and explained based on material flow mechanism.
93 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an attempt has been made to refine the fusion zone grains by applying a pulsed current welding technique, which leads to relatively finer and more equi-axed grain structure in GTA and GMA welds.
Abstract: High strength aluminum alloys (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys) have gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of lightweight structures requiring high strength-to-weight ratio, such as transportable bridge girders, military vehicles, road tankers and railway transport systems. The preferred welding processes of high strength aluminum alloy are frequently the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process and the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process due to their comparatively easy applicability and better economy. Weld fusion zones typically exhibit coarse columnar grains because of the prevailing thermal conditions during weld metal solidification. This often results in inferior weld mechanical properties and poor resistance to hot cracking. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to refine the fusion zone grains by applying a pulsed current welding technique. Rolled plates of 6 mm thickness were used as the base material for preparing single pass welded joints. A single ‘V’ butt joint configuration was prepared for joining the plates. The filler metal used for joining the plates was AA 5356 (Al-5Mg (wt%)) grade aluminum alloy. Four different welding techniques were used to fabricate the joints: (1) continuous current GTAW (CCGTAW), (2) pulsed current GTAW (PCGTAW), (3) continuous current GMAW (CCGMAW) and (4) pulsed current GMAW (PCGMAW). Argon (99.99% pure) was used as the shielding gas. Tensile properties of the welded joints were evaluated by conducting tensile tests using a 100 kN electro-mechanical controlled universal testing machine. Current pulsing leads to relatively finer and more equi-axed grain structure in GTA and GMA welds. In contrast, conventional continuous current welding resulted in predominantly columnar grain structures. Grain refinement is accompanied by an increase in tensile strength and tensile ductility.
93 citations