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Heat-affected zone

About: Heat-affected zone is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 18787 publications have been published within this topic receiving 231744 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
Fatih Hayat1
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the joining capability of magnesium AZ31 alloy sheets and aluminium 1350 alloy sheets with the application of resistance spot welding and found that the weld current values used in the welding process of Al-Mg sheets were 22, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, and 33 kA.

87 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the main process variables were measured, characterized and compared in friction stir welding with/without ultrasonic vibration, and the ultrasonic vibrations improved weld formation by either reducing or eliminating the weld defects.

87 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance and potential of deep penetration laser welding of S355 EN 10025 structural steel of 20 and 25mm thickness with a high power fiber laser at power levels of 12-30kW were investigated.

87 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the microstructure, micro-and nano-hardness, and tensile properties of dual-phase (DP) and high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels were characterized by fiber laser welding (FLW).
Abstract: Similar and dissimilar welds of dual-phase (DP) and high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels were made by fiber laser welding (FLW). The welds were characterized with respect to microstructure, micro- and nano-hardness, and tensile properties. The fusion zone (FZ) in the DP welds consisted of fully martensitic structure; whereas HSLA and dissimilar weld FZ microstructure were mixture of martensite and bainite. Analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed bainite structures containing bainitic ferrite laths with intralath and interlath cementite. Precipitation of single variant carbides inside the bainitic ferrite laths were confirmed by measuring the interplanar spacing. The cooling rate in the FZ, estimated using Rosenthal equation, and continuous-cooling-transformation diagrams corroborated the microstructure formed. Nanoindentation was used to verify the hardness of these individual microconstituents, since a much lower nano-hardness for bainite (4.11 GPa) was observed compared to martensite (6.57 GPa) phase. Tensile failure occurred in the tempered area of the heat affected zone (HAZ) in the DP steel welded, which was confirmed by typical cup-like dimple fracture; likewise failure in the HSLA base metal, which occurred in dissimilar and HSLA welds, indicated distinctive dimple and shear dimple ductile morphology.

86 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors applied FSW process to join AA6061/(0, 5 and 10 ¼ ) ZrB 2 in situ cast composites and evaluate the joint properties.
Abstract: Inadequate development of fabrication methods restricts the applications of new families of aluminum matrix composites (AMCs). Friction stir welding (FSW) is a potential candidate to join AMCs without any defects associated with conventional fusion welding processes. The primary objective of the present work is to apply FSW process to join AA6061/(0, 5 and 10 wt.%) ZrB 2 in situ cast composites and evaluate the joint properties. The composites were prepared by reacting inorganic salts K 2 ZrF 6 and KBF 4 with molten aluminum and joined using a FSW machine at a tool rotational speed of 1150 rpm, welding speed of 50 mm/min and axial force of 6 kN. The joints showed the presence of various zones such as weld zone (WZ), thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ). The weld zone was characterized with a homogenous distribution of ZrB 2 particles. The stirring action of the tool resulted in fragmentation of several clusters present in the parent composite. The weld zone exhibited higher hardness than that of the parent composite. The tensile strength of welded joints was comparable to that of parent composites. The wear resistance of the composites improved subsequent to FSW.

86 citations


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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
2023229
2022548
2021270
2020365
2019389
2018463