Topic
Heat-affected zone
About: Heat-affected zone is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 18787 publications have been published within this topic receiving 231744 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, a keyhole closure process in high-strength AlZnMg(Cu) alloys, refill friction stir spot welding was used to perform repair welds of through holes of 7.5mm diameter in AA 7075-T651 plates with 6mm thickness.
85 citations
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01 Jun 1997-Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science
TL;DR: In this article, a 3D model for heat and fluid flow in a moving GMA weld pool is presented, which takes the mass, momentum, and heat transfer of filler metal droplets into consideration and quantitatively analyzes their effects on the weld bead shape and weld pool geometry.
Abstract: Mathematical models capable of accurate prediction of the weld bead and weld pool geometry in gas metal arc (GMA) welding processes would be valuable for rapid development of welding procedures and empirical equations for control algorithms in automated welding applications. This article introduces a three-dimensional (3-D) model for heat and fluid flow in a moving GMA weld pool. The model takes the mass, momentum, and heat transfer of filler metal droplets into consideration and quantitatively analyzes their effects on the weld bead shape and weld pool geometry. The algorithm for calculating the weld reinforcement and weld pool surface deformation has been proved to be effective. Difficulties associated with the irregular shape of the weld bead and weld pool surface have been successfully overcome by adopting a boundary-fitted nonorthogonal coordinate system. It is found that the size and profile of the weld pool are strongly influenced by the volume of molten wire, impact of droplets, and heat content of droplets. Good agreement is demonstrated between predicted weld dimensions and experimently measured ones for bead-on-plate GMA welds on mild steel plate.
85 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the microstructure variation and mechanical properties of carbon steel and 304 stainless steel are studied in detail, and the weld interface can be clearly identified in central zone, while the two metals interlock with each other by the mechanical mixing in peripheral zone.
85 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, an experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of two basic welding parameters, i.e., the heat input and the welding speed, on the grain structure of aluminum-alloy welds.
Abstract: The grain structure of the weld metal can significantly affect its resistance to solidification cracking during welding and its mechanical properties after welding. An experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of two basic welding parameters,i.e., the heat input and the welding speed, on the grain structure of aluminum-alloy welds. Gas-tungsten arc welding was performed under various heat inputs and welding speeds, with thermal measurements in the weld pool being carried out during welding and the amounts and nuclei of equiaxed grains in the resultant welds being examined using optical and electron microscopy. The experimentally measuredG/R ratios and the clearly revealed heterogeneous nuclei together demonstrated the thermodynamic effect of the heat input and welding speed on the weld metal grain structure.
85 citations
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04 May 2001
TL;DR: In this paper, a rotating element pin or element with a geometry to induce frictional energy from the rotating element is used to constrain ejection of material from the zone where the weld is being formed.
Abstract: A method and apparatus for welding thermoplastic materials with a stir welding system using a rotating element pin or element with a geometry to induce frictional energy from the rotating element. A floating constraining surface that has a motion independent of the rotation the pin (preferably stationary) is used to constrain ejection of material from the zone where the weld is being formed. Molten material is retained in the weld region, avoiding weakness and voids at the weld joint. Optionally a system for introducing thermal energy into the weld zone in addition to the frictional energy is used. The system for introducing the thermal energy may be in association with the constraining shoe and/or the rotating tool, or a system independent of these.
85 citations