Showing papers on "Heat exchanger published in 1971"

Microelectric heat exchanger pedestal

Abstract: A microelectric wafer or chip vacuum chuck in the form of a heat exchanger pedestal with a heat exchanger pressure vessel at the pedestal top through which hot and cold fluids are selectively pumped in circulation from and return to, respectively, hot and cold remote fluid reservoirs. A plurality of small diameter vacuum tubes pierce the heat exchanger pressure vessel and are brazed at each end to upper and lower plates with the top of the upper plate being the chuck surface with the vacuum tubes providing frequent tension ties between the plates. Dry nitrogen is fed into and through a circumferential passageway about the pedestal to protect wafers and chips with an inert cover atmosphere from oxidation damage at high temperatures or frost damage at low temperatures.

Lng expander cycle process employing integrated cryogenic purification

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the liquefaction of natural gas wherein raw feedstock is cryogenically fractionated to remove essentially all of the carbon dioxide and C5 hydrocarbons therefrom, and wherein the cryogenically purified feedstock is cooled and liquefied under pressure in a cryogenic heat exchanger The pressurized cold liquid from the heat exchanger is isenthalpically expanded to reduce the pressure and further cool the liquid while at the same time flashing a minor gas fraction Refrigeration for the liquefaction of the natural gas is supplied by a circulating refrigerant stream which is compressed and workexpanded to obtain the necessary cooling The minor flash gas portion of the liquefaction step is commingled with the circulating refrigerant stream so that the analysis of the refrigerant stream is always rich in the lighter portions of the liquefaction stream, thus aiding in maintaining refrigeration temperature differentials to drive the liquefaction step The work-expanded refrigerant portion undergoes a compression cycle and is work-expanded in a series of expansion turbines The expansion turbines furnish at least part of the power necessary to drive the compressor system in the refrigerant gas cycle

Modular power supply with indirect water cooling

Abstract: A modular power supply for converting alternating current to direct current for high power applications wherein the power modules are mounted inside a sealed cabinet and each module has its own fans to cool transformers and rectifiers therein. Also mounted inside the cabinet are cooling modules, each of which has its own fan and heat exchanger. Hot air from the power module outlets is cooled by the cooling modules and returned to the power module inlets. The capacity of the cooling modules is selected so that substantially atmospheric pressure exists in the cabinet at the power module inlets and outlets and so that the combined air flow through the cooling modules is substantially equal to the combined air flow through the power modules.

Heat exchanger using u-tube heat pipes

Abstract: A heat exchanger of the tube and fin type in which either straight or U-shaped elongated heat pipes are employed as the tube members. The radiating fin members are arranged in parallel fashion in a direction transverse to the heat pipe members and are spaced in either a uniform or non-uniform manner. The heat pipes are filled with a working fluid and further may contain a porous sleeve whereby the liquid, upon boiling is driven to a first end of the tube, condensed and returned to the opposite end of the tube by capillary action so as to maintain a highly uniform temperature level along the length of the heat pipes. The porous return medium may be omitted where tubes are oriented with condensing section above evaporating section. The tube and fin structure is provided with an isolating barrier between at least two of the fins which are located intermediate the ends of the structure, which isolating barrier is then arranged substantially coplanar with a barrier wall separating the region of elevated temperature from a region of reduced temperature level. The isolating barrier may be formed of an insulating or conductive material. Blower means are preferably provided in each of the aforesaid regions for moving air contained within its specific region over the radiating fins. The heat pipe members transfer the heat from the region of elevated temperature level to the region of reduced temperature level in a highly efficient manner so as to yield a heat exchange member of high efficiency while eliminating the need for separate pump and fluid transport means normally employed in heat exchange units of equivalent cooling capacity. A heat exchange unit of the tube and plate type may be substituted for the aforementioned tube and fin type providing a unit of equivalent capacity and efficiency.

C-flow stacked plate heat exchanger

Abstract: A primary surface plate-type heat exchanger has sheets with triangular zones on opposite sides of a central rectangular area stacked alternately to provide a C-shaped flow path for two fluids. Corrugations in the sheet surface serve to direct fluid flow and to support adjacent sheets.

Heat and moisture exchange packing

Abstract: Gas contacting packing, such as for moisture, heat exchange, catalytic contact and the like, said packing for gas using a metallic foraminous framework for heat or moisture exchange particles while allowing free flow of air thereabout for heat or moisture exchange particles while allowing free flow of air thereabout for optimum surface contact while providing a stable structure, the metallic support having woven wire framework disposed in layers or sheets which may be corrugated and of perforated metal, whereby air may pass both radially and axially in free-flowing contact with the particles.

Parallel air path wet-dry water cooling tower

Abstract: A parallel air path wet-dry water cooling tower usable in one form for fog abatement and in another form as a dry cooling tower helper where makeup water resources are limited. In both instances though, hot water to be cooled is first directed to finned tube heat exchange structure where air from the ambient atmosphere moving along one path is brought into indirect heat exchange with the hot water to effect partial cooling thereof. The partially cooled water is then directed to evaporative and thus wet heat exchange structure to further cool the water by bringing the latter into direct contacting relationship with a second airstream from the ambient atmosphere moving along a second path. The dry and wet airstreams emanating from the dry and wet heat exchangers respectively are combined prior to return thereof to the atmosphere. Dampers may be provided in association with one or the other or both of the heat exchange structures to permit selective variation of air flowing along said paths thereof through the heat exchange structures. The relative sizes of the dry and wet heat exchange structures are correlated for most efficient operation to meet a particular fog abatement or water conservation requirement.

Method of continuously vaporizing and superheating liquefied cryogenic fluid

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of continuously vaporizing and superheating liquefied cryogenic fluid for an ultimate use. A stream of liquefied cryogenic fluid is passed in heat exchange relationship with a stream of ambient water so that the cryogenic fluid is heated and vaporized. The vaporized cryogenic fluid stream is divided into first and second portions and the first portion is passed in heat exchange relationship, with the input combustion air to a gas turbine engine so that the air is cooled and the power output of the turbine increased. The second portion is passed in heat exchange relationship with the exhaust gases generated by the gas turbine engine so that the second portion is superheated to a predetermined temperature level, and the first and second portions of the vaporized cryogenic fluid stream are then combined so that a stream of vaporized cryogenic fluid superheated to a desired temperature level is produced. The power output of the gas turbine is advantageously used for providing power for pumping the streams of liquefied cryogenic fluid and ambient water.

Air compressor system

Abstract: Air and oil are flowed through an oil flooded screw compressor which heats the air and oil, after which the air and oil are separated and the air is cooled to extract moisture therefrom. Then the cooled air and the hot oil are passed through a heat exchanger which heats the air to a desired temperature for use and cools the oil to a desired temperature for recirculation through the compressor.

Closed loop system for maintaining constant temperature

Abstract: The fluid-filled closed loop system maintains a temperature stable platform, having dynamically operated electronic devices such as power transistors secured thereto, at a constant predetermined temperature. In addition to the platform, the system comprises a heater positioned below the platform and a reservoir and associated heat exchanger positioned above the platform. A continuous multi-section conduit circuit couples the output of the heater to the reservoir and thence to an input of the heat exchanger, and is in thermal contact with a surface of the temperature stable platform. Vapor bubbles formed in the heater rise in the conduit circuit section contacting the platform, are released from the surface of the liquid in the reservoir, and are condensed by the continuously operated heat exchanger. The system also comprised a temperature controlled solenoid valve at the output of the heat exchanger, and a return conduit section coupled from the valve to an input of the heater. The valve which is responsive to the temperature of the platform, opens when the temperature exceeds a predetermined value thereby providing cooled liquid for the heater which in turn lowers the temperature of a liquid in the fluid conduit and platform. When a small temperature decrease occurs, the valve closes and the temperature of the platform increases. This cyclic operation continues and the temperature of the plat- form is controllable to within fractions of a centigrade degree.

Refrigerated intake brayton cycle system

Abstract: In an open Brayton cycle, suction air is cooled by refrigeration to a predetermined temperature preferably to at least 50*F. below ambient air temperature. In the case of a conventional refrigeration system with refrigerant evaporation and condensation utilizes ambient air for condensation, the refrigeration is controlled to maintain a fixed temperature differential between the temperature at which the refrigerant evaporates and at which it condenses. If the temperature of the suction air is below the freezing point of water an aqueous solution of a water vapor pressure depressant such as glycol may be used under conditions which avoid, or control, freezing. This aqueous solution may be sprayed on cooling coils in indirect heat transfer or it may be cooled by circulation in indirect heat transfer and then used in direct contact to cool and condense water vapor from the suction air. The condensed water is vaporized, preferably with waste heat and injected into the compressed air stream. The refrigeration system may be a conventional one driven by the shaft or from the power network or it may be one which is driven by a system utilizing waste heat of the Brayton cycle exhaust gases. In a conventional system, multistage refrigeration is preferred. In the use of a solution of glycol the composition is maintained by distillation of water under pressure with utilization of the steam in the air stream between the Brayton cycle compressor and expander to improve output and thermal efficiency. The advantages of suction air refrigeration are especially marked when in combination with regeneration in the Brayton cycle and the advantages of regeneration are greater when in combination with suction air refrigeration. Still greater advantages result from a combination of suction air refrigeraton with both regeneration and gasification of fuels which contain sulfur and particulates. A portion of the refrigeration capacity for suction air cooling may be used for the cooling of electric generators and transformers. Suction refrigeration results in similar advantages when used with a closed Brayton cycle, wherein the working fluid is a dry gas, such as helium, or argon, or the like.

Air refrigeration device

Abstract: A single fluid (air to air) refrigeration device which includes compressor and expander sections with a single heat exchanger disposed therebetween employing an open reversed Brayton cycle in operation.

Geothermal energy system

Abstract: Method and apparatus for the nonpolluting generation of electrical power by the economic utilization of geothermal energy that is accessible through widespread sources of regenerative geothermal hot water. A well provides access to a geothermal hot water source having a temperature substantially above the flash point for atmospheric pressure, this hot water being conducted through heat exchangers wherein its heat energy is transferred to a power fluid employed in a closed Rankine heat engine cycle to generate electrical power, the water then being injected back into the aquifer. The geothermal hot water is pressurized by deep well pump means to a discharge pressure above its saturated vapor pressure for the source temperature, and a pressure gradient above the saturated vapor pressure is maintained through the heat exchangers, whereby the hot water is restrained from flashing into steam throughout its circuit, thereby avoiding any substantial temperature drop between the source and the heat exchangers and preventing release of any substantial mineral deposits at any point in the circuit. The very small expenditure of power required for such pressurization produces a large increase in total plant power output and efficiency by, among other things, (1) providing a top temperature power fluid Rankine cycle, (2) avoiding fouling of the well and surface equipment with mineral deposits, (3) deriving power from all of the geothermal fluid rather than just a stream fraction thereof, (4) allowing use of a power fluid that is particularly efficient in the available temperature range, and (5) avoiding degeneration of the power fluid source and ecological damage by returning the geothermal fluid to the aquifer.

Heat exchange apparatus for catalytic system

Abstract: A heat exchange apparatus for an exothermic catalytic system comprising a closed cylindrical vessel containing a removable axial spine which extends through the top and bottom heads of said vessel. Two separate heat exchangers are embedded in catalyst within said vessel and are supported by said axial spine as a removable unit and are in communication therewith. The axial spine contains passageways for separately introducing and removing two separate coolant streams into said heat exchangers. The first coolant stream consists of unreacted fresh feedstream which is thereby preheated before it is introduced into the catalyst surrounding each heat exchanger. The second coolant stream is water or an organic liquid from an external source. Both coolant streams pass in noncontact concurrent heat exchange with the feedstream undergoing exothermic chemical reaction as it passes up through the catalyst surrounding each heat exchanger. The product stream leaves from the top of the catalyst and is discharged through an exit port in the top head of the vessel.

Heating and cooling system for motor vehicles

Abstract: A heating and cooling system for motor vehicles having a primary circuit including a pump driven by the engine for cooling the engine of the motor vehicle and a secondary circuit including a pump driven independently of the engine for heating and cooling the passenger compartment of the motor vehicle. The two circuits are connected by a 4-way mixing valve or a hydraulic bridge so that the same coolant circulates through both circuits, but the circulation of coolant through the secondary circuit is independent of engine r.p.m. The secondary circuit further includes means to regulate the amount of hot coolant coming from the engine and cold coolant coming from a cooling means which enters the passenger compartment air heat exchanger so that the same heat exchanger can continuously control the temperature of the air passing therethrough from cold to hot.

Device for storing heat or cold

Abstract: A device for storing heat or cold having a tank containing a liquid which flows through the tank and a fusible heat storage material disposed in one or more containers, and a cooling or heating system which is subjected to heat exchange only with the liquid in the tank. The storage material containers form a system of ducts in the tank to provide a circulation of the liquid through the tank when heat is yielded to or received from the storage material.

High efficiency vapor condenser and method

Abstract: Apparatus for and method of condensing hot vapor at increased efficiency wherein the initial flow path for hot vapor is so related to that in downstream areas as to provide relatively high velocity contact of hot vapor with the heat exchange wall, thereby to promote heat transfer. Provision for drainage of condensate at closely spaced intervals facilitates condensate removal and enables the vapor to have wiping contact with a maximum interior surface area of the heat exchange wall. If tubes of similar size are employed throughout, control of vapor velocity is obtained by selecting a varying number of tubes in parallel at different flow levels and additionally by causing the vapor to flow in a spiral path to increase its velocity and wiping contact with the heat exchange surfaces.

Gas turbine engine lubrication system

Abstract: The disclosure illustrates a gas turbine engine lubrication system comprising a pump that pressurizes oil and delivers it through a heat exchanger to the engine bearings located in a hot region of the engine. From there the lubricating fluid is deaerated and repressurized without passing it through a heat exchanger for delivery to the bearing assemblies located in the cooler region of the engine. This lowers the heat rejection of the engine and minimizes the heat exchanger requirements.

Ground mounting base for central air conditioner heat exchanger units

Abstract: A ground mounting base is disclosed for use with externally mounted heat exchanger units such as the outdoor condenser unit commonly used in residential central air conditioning systems. The base is light weight but strong and comprises a pad of concrete employing vermiculite as its primary aggregate, a wire screening reinforcement, and a top layer of sand aggregate concrete. A bubble level is affixed at the top surface to aid in leveling the base and upward projecting pre-set mounting bolts affixed therein for receiving and affixing the heat exchanger to the base. The base also preferably has inclined side walls inclining outward from the top to the bottom to aid in preventing horizontal movement after implacement.

Front fan gas turbine engine

Abstract: 1,244,340. Gas turbine ducted for engines. ROLLS-ROYCE Ltd. Dec. 9, 1969 [Dec.23, 1968], No. 61132/68. Headings F1G and F1J. A gas turbine front fan engine comprises in flow series a plurality of compressors, combustion equipment and a plurality of turbines, there being conduit means to receive air compressed by one of the compressors, the conduit directing the air firstly in heat exchange with at least one hollow outlet guide vane which extends across the fan duct of the engine and then in heat exchange with a relatively hotter part of the engine which is disposed downstream of the compressors. In the engine shown air is taken from the discharge of the HP compressor 47 and passed through line 64 to the outlet guide blades 60 in the ducted fan passage 43, the air flowing first outwardly through passages 62 and then inwardly through passages 61 of the blades, the cooled air then passing through line 65 to a high-pressure shaft bearing 66 for cooling thereof.

Cooling system for multiple electrical equipments

Abstract: A plurality of electrical equipments mounted in separate enclosures is cooled by multiple heat exchanger units connected to a common path directing coolant from the heat exchanger units to each of the enclosures in which the electrical equipments are mounted. A separate path connected to each of the enclosures housing the electrical equipments provides a common return for directing the coolant from the electrical equipments to each of the heat exchangers after it has performed its cooling function. The multiple heat exchanger units thus connected in common paths for both directing the coolant to the electrical equipments and returning it from the electrical equipments provides all electrical equipments with sufficient coolant to maintain minimum operation even though one of the heat exchanger units malfunctions or is inoperative. Continuity of the functions performed by the plurality of electrical equipments connected in the cooling system is thus insured.

Water cooler heat exchanger

Abstract: Heat exchanger apparatus employed in devices such as water coolers for chilling and dispensing drinking water is improved by the combination of a storage tank for chilled water, a refrigerant coil encircling said tank for maintaining the water therein cool, and a water supply coil leading to said tank and encircling said refrigerant coil in heat exchange relation therewith for pre-cooling the water as it is supplied to said tank; and the particular combination of said coils.

Jet augmented ram air scoop

Abstract: Ram air scoop system, particularly adapted for use in aircraft, wherein cabin air from the interior of the aircraft is fed as a high velocity jet into the scoop and passed through a heat exchanger for the cabin air-conditioning system. This has the effect of improving the aerodynamic efficiency of the scoop by increasing the velocity at the exit of the ram air system in flight, resulting in less drag. While the aircraft is on the ground and air is forced through the scoop by a fan or the like, the cabin air can be at a temperature lower than that of the ambient air, this cooler cabin air acting to increase the efficiency of the heat exchanger.

Hydraulically Operated Two-Phase Helium Expansion Engine

Abstract: Traditional helium refrigerators and liquefiers have generally contained two or three stages of refrigeration; namely, liquid-nitrogen precooling, one or two reciprocating expansion engines or turbine expanders, followed by a Joule-Thomson (JT) valve. In order to liquefy helium, the JT exchanger has to be precooled well below the inversion temperature, i.e. 30°K [1]. For useful yields of liquid—10% or more of the JT stream—the gas has to be cooled to at least 15°K. Use of an expansion engine rather than a JT valve increases the maximum precooling temperature which can be used for the liquefaction of helium. For example, a helium gas stream entering a JT heat exchanger at 40° K and expanding through an engine of 90% efficiency can provide a liquid yield of 10%.

Dual fluid cycle

Abstract: Power is extracted from a stream of hot fluid, such as geothermal water, by passing the stream in heat exchange relationship with a working fluid to vaporize the latter, expanding the vapor through a turbine, and condensing the vapor in a conventional Rankine cycle. Additional power is obtained in a second Rankine cycle by employing a portion of the hot fluid after heat exchange with the working fluid to vaporize a second working fluid having a lower boiling point and higher vapor density than the first fluid. Isobutane and R-22 (CH C1 F2) may be employed as the first and second working fluids, respectively.

Air-conditioning system for cooling dehumidifying or heating operations

Abstract: An air conditioner comprising a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, a first indoor heat exchanger, a second indoor heat exchanger, a first capillary tube, a second capillary tube, a third capillary tube, a first valve, a second valve and a piping communicating said elements with each other, said compressor communicating with one side of said outdoor heat exchanger and said first indoor heat exchanger, the other side of said outdoor heat exchanger communicating with one side of said first capillary tube and said second capillary tube, the other side of said first capillary tube communicating with the other side of said first indoor heat exchanger, the other side of said second capillary tube communicating with one side of said second indoor heat exchanger, the other side of said second indoor heat exchanger and said compressor communicating with each other by said second valve, a series circuit of said second capillary tube and said second indoor heat exchanger and said first valve being connected in parallel with each other, said third capillary tube being connected between the side of said first indoor heat exchanger closer to said first capillary tube and the side of said second indoor heat exchanger closer to said second capillary tube, said first valve being closed and said second valve being opened during a cooling operation, and said first valve being opened and said second valve being closed during a dehumidifying operation.