Showing papers on "Heat sink published in 1978"

Thermal heat pump

Abstract: The invention relates to a thermal heat pump. consisting of a heat pipe (11). in which the vapor passage located for heat dissipation between the Warmeubertragungszone for heat supply and the Warmeubertragungszone (16) changing an over its length, has the flow velocity of the vapor, first increasing and then degrading cross-section and in which in the area of ​​the increased vapor velocity another Warmeubertragungszone with heat supply or removal is the increased vapor velocity may be subsonic or supersonic range. The cross-sectional change of the vapor channel (16) in the heat pipe (11) between the two outer heat transfer zones is advantageously carried out by a displacement body (13) effected with the particular surface contour.

Method and system for the compact storage of heat and coolness by phase change materials

Abstract: While many materials and additives which will melt and freeze at various temperature levels for storing and releasing large amounts of heat thereby per unit volume have been disclosed, the packaging of these materials with suitable non-corrodible long-lasting heat exchange structures has been cumbersome and expensive. The present invention provides an inexpensive, high performance, non-corrodible thermal storage method and system adapted for use with heat storage materials of various compositions and adapted for use over a wide range of temperatures, including a heat exchanger which provides for phase change to occur approximately simultaneously throughout the volume of the entire storage mass and provides for the sites at which the phase change is occurring to be approximately uniformly distributed throughout the volume of the heat storage material. Problems of thermal expansion, stratification and sub-cooling are eliminated. Thermal storage methods and systems embodying the present system may advantageously be used for off-peak storage of electric refrigeration, cooling and heating as well as solar heating and other applications.

Concentrator solar cell array module

Abstract: A concentrator solar cell array module having a metallic heat sink with a planar mounting surface. A semiconductor spacer is provided. The semiconductor spacer is provided with a layer of insulating material in the form of silicon oxide. The silicon oxide surface is secured to the mounting surface of the heat sink by a thermally conductive adhesive. A semiconductor solar cell is provided. Solder is utilized for securing the solar cell to the spacer. A glass cover is secured to the solar cell by an adhesive. The glass cover is provided with a textured surface to cause diffusion of the light impinging upon the solar cell.

Cooling assembly for cooling electrical parts wherein a heat pipe is attached to a heat conducting portion of a heat conductive block

Abstract: In a cooling assembly including a heat conductive block mounting an electronic part, and a heat pipe attached to the heat conductive block, a connector connected to the leads of the electronic part is arranged in the heat conductive block.

Semiconductor package with improved conduction cooling structure

Abstract: A semiconductor device package having a substrate, one or more semiconductor devices mounted on the top surface of the substrate, a heat sink having a surface in opposed spaced parallel relation to the top surface of the substrate, and at least one deformable heat transfer member positioned between a device mounted on the top surface of the substrate, and the surface of the heat sink. The heat transfer member is comprised of a porous block of material, and a heat conductive non-volatile liquid retained within the block of material by a surface tension. The heat transfer member being operative to transfer heat from the device to the heat sink.

Direct contact heat exchanger with phase change of working fluid

Abstract: A direct contact thermal storage heat exchanger which utilizes the liquid-vapor phase change of a working fluid within the heat exchanger, and energy generation systems incorporating the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is particularly useful in combination with a solar energy receiver. The heat exchanger includes an insulated pressure vessel packed with pebbles or spheres. Working fluid in the vapor phase from a solar heat source enters the unit and condenses, transferring thermal energy to the pebbles. The liquid level of working fluid about the pebbles is decreased during this mode of operation. When it is desirable to release this stored energy the liquid level is increased, and the energy is transferred to the working fluid which forms a vapor, and can be used to drive a turbine or other prime movers.

Phase change energy storage panel for environmentally driven heating and cooling system

Abstract: A container of phase change energy storage material such as Glauber's salt is deployed behind the glazing of the south wall of a building structure for absorbing heat to heat the structure and/or for radiating heat to cool the structure Several construction modules and mounting arrangements are shown, including ones where panels are backed with thermal insulation and pivotally mounted for reversibility

Heat pipe bag system

Abstract: Method and apparatus for utilizing the earth as a heat source and heat sink for heating and cooling buildings are disclosed. Flexible material such as hollow plastic or metal foil bags which can be buried in deep, narrow trenches are draped over and clamped to heat transfer fluid conduits or conventional heat pipes vastly increasing the heat transfer surface area serving the conduits or heat pipes. The heat pipe bags contain a heat transfer fluid and can contain wicks which are in heat transfer communication with the heat transfer fluid conduits or other heat pipes. The plastic or metal of the heat pipe bag similarly enclosed the wick forming a closed, sealed system which can also include the conduit or heat pipe. Such conduit-heat pipe bag combination can be used in combination with conventional heat pumps to both heat and cool buildings.

Fluid pumping and heating system

Abstract: The system utilizes a heat engine which provides shaft power and heat such as a conventional diesel engine in which part of the shaft power drives a pump for fluid to be heated; for example, a cryogenic liquid. The engine heat is used to heat and/or vaporize the cryogenic liquid in a heat exchanger. The heat available from the engine for transfer to the liquid to be vaporized is proportional to the power level of the engine. The heat required to heat the fluid to a desired temperature is proportional to the flow rate of the cryogenic liquid. By providing a loading on the engine which is proportional to the fluid flow rate, a sufficient amount of heat is provided to effect complete vaporization of the liquid, the amount of heat being directly proportional to the flow rate of the liquid. An engine radiator is provided to get rid of excess heat so that the heat supplied equals the heat required. The loading of the engine can be accomplished by a power absorbing hydraulic drive connected to the engine shaft with the hydraulic medium used to drive the cryogenic liquid pump, or alternatively by providing back pressure on an engine coolant pump, or by providing back pressure directly on the cryogenic fluid being pumped.

Bubble generating tunnels for cooling semiconductor devices

Abstract: A structure for cooling high density integrated circuit devices composed of a heat sink bonded to the backside of the integrated circuit devices. The integrated circuit devices are mounted on a board and the board positioned so that the tunnels in the heat sink are oriented vertically. The tunnels are totally immersed in a liquid so that the integrated circuit devices are cooled by nucleate boiling and bubbles form within the tunnels and propagate out of the tunnels.

Cooled semiconductor power module including structured strain buffers without dry interfaces

Abstract: A semiconductor electronic device operates at high power levels using structured copper to reduce generation of stress between the elements of the device during thermal cycling in the course of normal operation Structured copper strain buffers are used to attach each side of a silicon wafer to fluid cooled heat sinks to provide efficient removal of heat generated by the device and good electrical connection to the silicon wafer

Heat pump system selectively operable in a cascade mode and method of operation

Abstract: A system is disclosed for the transfer of heat from an ambient heat sink of variable temperature to a conditioned space, said system being operable in a first mode when the temperature of the heat sink is at a relatively high level, and in a second mode when its temperature is at a relatively low level. The system includes a first refrigerant circuit which is operable in said first mode as a heat pump of the vapor compression type to absorb heat from the ambient heat sink and transfer same to the conditioned space. A second refrigerant circuit is provided which is operable in the second mode, when the temperature of the ambient heat sink is at a relatively low level, to absorb heat from the ambient heat sink and transfer same to the first refrigerant circuit, which then transfers the heat to the conditioned space. Thus, in second mode operation, the first and second refrigerant circuits operate in a "cascade" relationship. Suitable control means are disclosed for effecting operation of the system as described above, and, in addition, a suitable method of operation for such a system is disclosed.

Unfurlable heat pipe

Abstract: A heat pipe which can be rolled up for storage and automatically deploys when heat is applied. Two highly flexible parallel sheets are bonded together at their edges, thus permitting compact rolled storage. The inside portions of the joined edges form creases which act as capillary channels to move the heat exchange liquid from the condenser to the evaporator. A further embodiment involves multiple longitudinal cells which yield many more capillary channels and increases the structural strength of the deployed heat pipe, while maintaining the large surface area for heat transfer.

Solar-earth thermal system

Abstract: A heating and cooling system utilizing solar, or other energy, includes a solar heat collector having fluid ducts connected to the lower portion of a buried fluid thermal unit, which transfers collected heat to an underground storage area. The thermal unit provides fluid convection flow between portions of the unit surrounded by lower and upper heat transfer jackets. A heat pump, installed in a building to be heated or cooled, has ducts for selectively circulating fluids between the heat pump and the upper and lower heat transfer jackets of the buried thermal unit.

Heat transfer mounting arrangement for a solid state device connected to a circuit board

Abstract: A solid state device, such as a power transistor, is fastened to a mounting arrangement that provides good heat conduction to a chassis or heat sink, that holds the solid state device so that its leads can be connected to a printed circuit board without strain, and that occupies a relatively small area of the printed circuit board.

Thermal performance and limitations of silicon–substrate packaged GaAs laser arrays

Abstract: Thermal resistance and crosstalk have been investigated for a source package consisting of a monolithic, multilaser heterojunction array mounted on a single crystalline silicon substrate, which is in turn laminated to a copper heatsink. Models for 2-D and 3-D heat spreading are used to calculate the heat flow distribution and to obtain upper and lower bounds for both resistance of single devices and crosstalk in arrays. Results for experimental five-laser arrays are shown to fall within these limits. Active cooling is required to maintain junctions at safe operating temperatures prerequisite to stable, long-lived operation.

Winged self-fastened heat sinks for semiconductor devices

Abstract: Heat accumulating about the plastic housing and metallic tab of a miniature electronic semiconductor power device is dissipated by a surrounding one-piece sheet metal heat sink shaped as a closely-fitting channel portion closed at the bottom but open-slotted midway along the top; from margins of the top slot, a pair of integral fingers spring downwardly to engage and hold a plastic semiconductor package within it, and from the same margins a pair of upwardly and laterally-flaring spaced broad-area fins are also spread to enhance transfer of heat away from the site at which a tab of a device is held within

Passive solar heat collector

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an improved passive apparatus for absorbing, transferring and storing solar energy as heat, economically and effectively, without pumps, solar tracking devices or electric power. The apparatus comprises an improved trough-type concentrating collector, a heat pipe heat absorber and an insulated storage tank. Solar energy is reflected and focused by the concentrator onto the absorber where the energy is absorbed as heat. The absorber, made of one or more slightly tilted gravity-assisted heat pipes partially filled with a volatile liquid, transfers the heat by evaporation, vapor transport and condensation into a slightly elevated heat storage reservoir. A method for filling the heat pipes is disclosed. The absorber serves as the main axial support for internal structural ribs over which are fitted a flexible transparent top cover and a flexible reflective bottom cover that comprise the concentrator. The apparatus collects solar energy, stores heat during the day and automatically shuts off to minimize heat losses at night. The apparatus may be refocused periodically to increase the temperature of the heat collected.

Heat pump heating and cooling system

Abstract: Systems for transferring energy between a conditioned zone, a heat source or sink liquid, and an ambient zone including combination liquid-source, air-source heat pumps with multi-fluid reversing means and an easily manufactured multi-fluid heat exchanger. Specifically three types of heat pumps: a split system of unitary type with conventional refrigerant reversing means, multi-fluid heat exchanger(s), and heat source or sink fluid reversing means; a self-contained or packaged type with conventional refrigerant reversing means, a multi-fluid heat exchanger, a conventional liquid-to-refrigerant heat exchanger, heat source or sink liquid reversing means, and innovative component arrangement which allows ambient air to be utilized as a heat source or sink fluid; a self-contained or packaged type with innovative component arrangement which allows air reversing means, multi-fluid heat exchangers, and heat source or sink liquid reversing means.

Thermal storage reservoirs

Abstract: A thermal storage system for use with a solar collector and/or heat pump includes a plurality of discrete heat reservoirs having regular geometric shapes such as spheres or cylinders for forming a self-sorting array of the reservoirs when stacked in a storage bin. Each reservoir has a shell formed of heat conductive material defining an interior cavity that contains a material of high specific heat for storing heat in the reservoir. A preferred material for economy for reservoir shells in spherelike shapes is plastic with heat conductivity enhancers such as glass or metal particles incorporated into the plastic.

Dual cycle heat pipe-method and apparatus

Abstract: A method and apparatus for utilizing the earth or other heat source/heat sink for heating and cooling buildings are disclosed. The system comprises at least one heat transfer fluid conduit and at least one heat pipe in heat transfer communication. When two conduits are employed a dual cycle system for heating and cooling is disclosed. In the preferred embodiment, upper and lower heat transfer fluid conduits containing a first heat transfer fluid are connected by heat pipes containing a second heat transfer fluid, the two fluids being isolated from one another. The heat pipes are preferably sealed plastic tubes with hollow metal end caps at each end. The metal end caps on the heat pipes are positioned in the circulation pipes so as to have sufficient contact with the recirculatory fluid in the respective heat transfer fluid conduits to transfer heat to and from such fluid. In the summer, heated fluid flows through the lower conduit causing the second heat transfer fluid in the lower end cap of the heat pipe to boil and condense on the heat pipe wall giving off heat to the ground or other heat sink, thereby providing a cooling action on the first heat transfer fluid flowing through the lower conduit. In winter, the lower conduit is shut down and the upper conduit activated by passing cooled first heat transfer fluid through the upper conduit which condenses the second heat transfer fluid in the upper end cap causing it to flow by gravity down the walls of the heat pipe to a point at which it boils and the resulting vapor then goes back up the heat pipe as a vapor, repeating the cycle and resulting in the heating of the first heat transfer fluid in the upper conduit. Such a system can be used to both heat and cool buildings.

Heat exchange system for recycling waste heat

Abstract: A heat exchange system for recycling waste heat, such as that leaving a building stack or flue, to supply heat where needed, such as to incoming fresh air or to tempered stored water of the building water storage system, wherein the building has a source of heat at a constant temperature (such as a furnace, a cooking facility, or a washing facility), from which waste heat is involved in the materials to be conveyed therefrom for discharge from the building, in which a closed circuit heat generated refrigerant flow type refrigeration system is established including a heat recovery coil in heat exchange relation to the waste heat, a heat discharge coil in heat transfer relation to the fluid to be heated at a level above that of the heat recovery coil, and a refrigerant receiver at a level adjacent the level of the heat recovery coil, with the system being charged with a halogenated hydrocarbon type refrigerant to bring the liquid level of the charge within the receiver above the level of the heat recovery coil and below the level of the heat discharge coil. The heat transferred to the refrigerant at the heat recovery coil is utilized as the sole means for freely cycling the refrigerant through the system heat pump fashion, with a liquid phase portion of the refrigerant being continuously recirculated between the receiver and the heat recovery coil, and heat charged vaporized refrigerant being supplied from the receiver to the heat discharge coil and returned in heat depleted liquid phase form to the receiver.

Hybrid solar energy collecting device

Abstract: A hybrid solar energy collecting device adapted to generate an electrical current from sunlight and also to collect in an electrically insulating fluid thermal energy generated by such cells. The solar energy collecting device comprises a duct adapted for guiding the flow of an electrically insulating fluid such as air, and one or more photovoltaic cells mounted on an electrically insulated portion of the exterior surface of the duct. At least one of the photovoltaic cells has a heat sink which extends into the interior of the duct and is adapted to be contacted by the electrically insulating fluid.

Heat Pipes for Cooling of an Electric Motor

Abstract: Two types of copper/water heat pipes have been developed for cooling of both the rotor and the stator of an asynchronous electric motor which shall be used as a high-performance locomotive drive. For the stator axial groove heat pipes are used with a slight liquid overfill. The rotor heat pipes have cirumferential grooves and require a minimum liquid fill charge of about 20% of the heat pipe volume to effectively cool the rotor between 0 and 5000 rpm. Experimental results obtained from individual heat pipes and from a rotor model demonstrated that the heat pipes are able to effectively cool the electric motor. Calculations showed that about 75% of the dissipated heat will be transferred by the heat pipes to the ultimate air-convection heat sink.

Cooled laser q-switch

Abstract: In one embodiment, cooling of a laser passive Q-switch is provided by affixing the Q-switch to the rear mirror of the laser which, thus, acts as a heat sink for the Q-switch.

Process of distillation of a multicomponent hydrocarbon mixture

Abstract: A process for distilling multicomponent hydrocarbon mixtures in which the relative volatility between the dominant component in the lightest product and the dominant component in the heaviest component is between 1.10 and 7. The hydrocarbon mixture is fed to groups of distillation columns each of which is provided with an overhead condenser and a bottom reboiler, the columns being arranged in succession to receive the product from the prior adjacent column. The operating pressure in the columns increases from the first column to the final column within prescribed limits and the products of the mixture are separately recovered at one time in the final column without being withdrawn from intermediate distillation columns. Heat is recovered from heat source streams of the process by heat exchange with heat sink streams by bringing the streams successively in contact with a plurality of groups of heat exchangers, each group being at a different temperature level.

Apparatus for collecting and transporting heat energy

Abstract: The invention is an apparatus for collecting and transporting thermal energy as vaporized fluid. The vapor will flow from a heat absorption chamber (C) and through a conduit (V) to a point of use where it is condensed. The heat absorption chamber (C) includes a sump in its lower portion to hold a puddle offluid. A heat source directed againstthe chamber (C) vaporizes the fluid therewithin and a replacement fluid supply (L) connects with the chamber to maintain the level of the puddle during vaporization. The chamber (C) of the preferred embodiment of the invention is an elongated heat absorption pipe mounted horizontallyto maintain the puddle at the lower portion of the pipe. The heat absorption pipe is mounted in a solar collector (C) to receive concentrated solar energy as from a reflector system.