Topic
Helicobacter
About: Helicobacter is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 2760 publications have been published within this topic receiving 81090 citations.
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TL;DR: H pylori eradication is less effective than proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment in preventing ulcer recurrence in long term NSAID users and a test and treat strategy using a non-invasive test is recommended in adult patients with persistent dyspepsia under the age of 45.
Abstract: Background: Guidelines on the management of Helicobacter pylori , which cover indications for management and treatment strategies, were produced in 2000. Aims: To update the guidelines at the European Helicobacter Study Group (EHSG) Third Maastricht Consensus Conference, with emphasis on the potential of H pylori eradication for the prevention of gastric cancer. Results: Eradication of H pylori infection is recommended in ( a ) patients with gastroduodenal diseases such as peptic ulcer disease and low grade gastric, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma; ( b ) patients with atrophic gastritis; ( c ) first degree relatives of patients with gastric cancer; ( d ) patients with unexplained iron deficiency anaemia; and ( e ) patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Recurrent abdominal pain in children is not an indication for a “test and treat” strategy if other causes are excluded. Eradication of H pylori infection ( a ) does not cause gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) or exacerbate GORD, and ( b ) may prevent peptic ulcer in patients who are naive users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). H pylori eradication is less effective than proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment in preventing ulcer recurrence in long term NSAID users. In primary care a test and treat strategy using a non-invasive test is recommended in adult patients with persistent dyspepsia under the age of 45. The urea breath test, stool antigen tests, and serological kits with a high accuracy are non-invasive tests which should be used for the diagnosis of H pylori infection. Triple therapy using a PPI with clarithromycin and amoxicillin or metronidazole given twice daily remains the recommended first choice treatment. Bismuth-containing quadruple therapy, if available, is also a first choice treatment option. Rescue treatment should be based on antimicrobial susceptibility. Conclusion: The global burden of gastric cancer is considerable but varies geographically. Eradication of H pylori infection has the potential to reduce the risk of gastric cancer development.
2,266 citations
TL;DR: Modulation of host cells by bacterial protein translocation adds a new dimension to the chronic Helicobacter infection with yet unknown consequences.
Abstract: The Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori is a causative agent of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease in humans. Strains producing the CagA antigen (cagA(+)) induce strong gastric inflammation and are strongly associated with gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma. We show here that such strains translocate the bacterial protein CagA into gastric epithelial cells by a type IV secretion system, encoded by the cag pathogenicity island. CagA is tyrosine-phosphorylated and induces changes in the tyrosine phosphorylation state of distinct cellular proteins. Modulation of host cells by bacterial protein translocation adds a new dimension to the chronic Helicobacter infection with yet unknown consequences.
1,252 citations
TL;DR: Delineation of bacterial and host mediators that augment gastric cancer risk has profound ramifications for both physicians and biomedical researchers as such findings will not only focus the prevention approaches that target H. pylori-infected human populations at increased risk for stomach cancer but also provide mechanistic insights into inflammatory carcinomas that develop beyond the gastric niche.
Abstract: Helicobacter pyloricauses gastric adenocarcinoma in a minority of infected individuals. What have we learned about bacterial and host-specific factors that lead to malignancy, and what canH. pyloritell us about inflammatory carcinomas that develop beyond the gastric niche? Helicobacter pylori is the dominant species of the human gastric microbiome, and colonization causes a persistent inflammatory response. H. pylori-induced gastritis is the strongest singular risk factor for cancers of the stomach; however, only a small proportion of infected individuals develop malignancy. Carcinogenic risk is modified by strain-specific bacterial components, host responses and/or specific host–microbe interactions. Delineation of bacterial and host mediators that augment gastric cancer risk has profound ramifications for both physicians and biomedical researchers as such findings will not only focus the prevention approaches that target H. pylori-infected human populations at increased risk for stomach cancer but will also provide mechanistic insights into inflammatory carcinomas that develop beyond the gastric niche.
901 citations
TL;DR: Five major groups of taxonomic features of the genus Wolinella that differ markedly from those of C. pylori are described, indicating that C. Pylori should be included in the new genus Helicobacter as Helicobacteria mustelae comb.
Abstract: Different types of studies have shown that Campylobacter pylori does not belong in the genus Campylobacter. Ribonucleic acid sequencing has indicated that C. pylori might belong in the genus Wolinella, but we describe five major groups of taxonomic features of the genus Wolinella that differ markedly from those of C. pylori, including ultrastructure and morphology, cellular fatty acids, menaquinones, growth characteristics, and enzyme capabilities, indicating that C. pylori should not be included in the genus Wolinella. Thus, we propose the establishment of a new genus, Helicobacter; C. pylori should be transferred to this genus as Helicobacter pylori comb. nov., and H. pylori NCTC 11637 (= ATCC 43504) is the type strain. The gastric spiral organism from ferrets has been elevated recently from Campylobacter pylori subsp. mustelae to Campylobacter mustelae. We describe the similarities and differences between C. mustelae and C. pylori compared with other campylobacters, and we propose that C. mustelae should be included in the new genus Helicobacter as Helicobacter mustelae comb. nov. (type strain, ATCC 43772).
593 citations
TL;DR: Findings support the unexpected conclusion that chronic hypergastrinemia in mice can synergize with Helicobacter infection and contribute to eventual parietal cell loss and progression to gastric cancer.
572 citations