Heparinoids

About: Heparinoids is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 212 publications have been published within this topic receiving 4179 citations.

Heparin-Binding Proteins

Abstract: Preface. Conventions, Abbreviations, And Terminology. Heparin Vs. Heparan Sulfate. Structures of Heparinoids. Experimental Approaches for Determining Heparinoid Structures. Structural Modification of Heparinoids. The Cellular Metabolism of Heparan Sulfate. Interactions Between Heparinoids and Proteins. Antithrombin: The Prototype for Heparin-Binding Proteins. Heparin-Binding Proteins in Hemostasis. Fibroblast Growth Factors. Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase. Heparin-Binding Proteins in Lipoprotein Metabolism. Epilog. Appendix: Other Heparin-Binding Proteins. Subject Index.

Heparin’s anti-inflammatory effects require glucosamine 6- O -sulfation and are mediated by blockade of L- and P-selectins

Abstract: Heparin has been used clinically as an anticoagulant and antithrombotic agent for over 60 years. Here we show that the potent anti-inflammatory property of heparin results primarily from blockade of P-selectin and L-selectin. Unfractionated heparin and chemically modified analogs were tested as inhibitors of selectin binding to immobilized sialyl Lewis(X) and of cell adhesion to immobilized selectins or thrombin-activated endothelial cells. Compared with unfractionated heparin, the modified heparinoids had inhibitory activity in this general order: over-O-sulfated heparin > heparin > 2-O,3-O-desulfated > or = N-desulfated/N-acetylated heparin > or = carboxyl-reduced heparin > or= N-,2-O,3-O-desulfated heparin >> 6-O-desulfated heparin. The heparinoids also showed similar differences in their ability to inhibit thioglycollate-induced peritonitis and oxazolone-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity. Mice deficient in P- or L-selectins showed impaired inflammation, which could be further reduced by heparin. However, heparin had no additional effect in mice deficient in both P- and L-selectins. We conclude that (a) heparin's anti-inflammatory effects are mainly mediated by blocking P- and L-selectin-initiated cell adhesion; (b) the sulfate groups at C6 on the glucosamine residues play a critical role in selectin inhibition; and (c) some non-anticoagulant forms of heparin retain anti-inflammatory activity. Such analogs may prove useful as therapeutically effective inhibitors of inflammation.

Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins and Heparinoids in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract: Background and Purpose—Low-molecular-weight heparins and heparinoids (LMWHs) are superior to unfractionated heparin in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism and acute coronary synd...

Low-molecular-weight heparins or heparinoids versus standard unfractionated heparin for acute ischaemic stroke.

Abstract: Background Low-molecular-weight heparins and heparinoids are anticoagulants that may be associated with lower risks of haemorrhage and more powerful antithrombotic effects than standard unfractionated heparin. This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review first published in Issue 1, 1995 and previously updated in Issue 2, 2005. Objectives To compare the effects of low-molecular-weight heparins or heparinoids with those of unfractionated heparin in people with acute, confirmed or presumed, ischaemic stroke. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register (last searched June 2007). In addition we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2007), MEDLINE (1966 to June 2007) and EMBASE (1980 to June 2007). For previous versions of this review we searched MedStrategy (1995) and also contacted pharmaceutical companies. Selection criteria Randomised trials comparing heparinoids or low-molecular-weight heparins with standard unfractionated heparin in people with acute ischaemic stroke. We only included trials where treatment was started within 14 days of stroke onset. Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently selected studies for inclusion, assessed trial quality and extracted the data. Main results Nine trials involving 3137 people were included. Four trials compared a heparinoid (danaparoid), four trials compared low-molecular-weight heparin (enoxaparin or certoparin), and one trial compared an unspecified low-molecular-weight heparin with standard unfractionated heparin. Allocation to low-molecular-weight heparin or heparinoid was associated with a significant reduction in the odds of deep vein thrombosis compared with standard unfractionated heparin (odds ratio (OR) 0.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44 to 0.70). However, the number of more major events (pulmonary embolism, death, intracranial or extracranial haemorrhage) was too small to provide a reliable estimate of the benefits and risks of low-molecular-weight heparins or heparinoids compared with standard unfractionated heparin for these, arguably more important, outcomes. Insufficient information was available to assess effects on recurrent stroke or functional outcome. Authors' conclusions Since the last version of this review none of the three new relevant studies with 2397 participants have provided additional information to change the conclusions. Treatment with a low-molecular-weight heparin or heparinoid after acute ischaemic stroke appears to decrease the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis compared with standard unfractionated heparin, but there are too few data to provide reliable information on their effects on other important outcomes, including death and intracranial haemorrhage.