Topic
Hexane
About: Hexane is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 3759 publications have been published within this topic receiving 57996 citations. The topic is also known as: CH3-[CH2]4-CH3 & hexyl hydride.
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TL;DR: In this paper, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and inverse gas chromatography (IGC) were used to characterize parent and exchanged zeolites for hexane oxidation.
Abstract: Hexane deep oxidation was studied over NaX and CaA zeolites modified by ion exchange with transition metals (Mn2+, Co2+, Fe3+), the percentage of ion exchanged, determined by ICP-MS, varying between 39 and 98%. Parent and exchanged zeolites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 physisorption, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), oxygen and ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and inverse gas chromatography (IGC). Catalytic activities were evaluated through the recording of light-off curves in a pulsed microreactor, catalytic activity being correlated with physicochemical properties of the solids (crystallinity, surface acidity, adsorption properties and morphological parameters). As general trend, CaA zeolites are more active than NaX zeolites. Mn-exchanged CaA zeolite was the most active catalyst for hexane oxidation, whereas the addition of Fe to the zeolites leads to strong chemical and morphological changes in the parent zeolite.
53 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of the hydrogen partial pressure in a wide range (5-45 bar) was reported, and insight into the isomerization mechanism was obtained from the kinetic treatment of the data.
Abstract: In this paper we report the influence of the hydrogen partial pressure in a wide range (5-45 bar). Insight into the isomerization mechanism is obtained from the kinetic treatment of the data.
53 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explored the production of biodiesel from oil extracted from spent coffee grounds (SCG) via enzymatic catalysis with the Lipozymes RM IM, TL 100L and CALB L, in the presence of a co-solvent, and to optimize the reaction conditions.
Abstract: This work aims to explore the production of biodiesel from oil extracted from spent coffee grounds (SCG) via enzymatic catalysis with the Lipozymes RM IM, TL 100L and CALB L, in the presence of a co-solvent, and to optimize the reaction conditions. A three factors design of experiments was performed to evaluate the influence on the reaction performance of ethanol/oil molar ratio, enzyme concentration and reaction temperature. Oil was extracted from air dried SCG with hexane in a pilot solid/liquid extractor, resulting in 6.4% (m/m oil) in dry SCG. The coffee oil was characterized for its kinematic viscosity (38.04 mm2/s), density (0.903 g/cm3), heating value (38 MJ/kg), iodine value (63 g I2/100 g oil), water content (0.1458%), acid value (44.78 mg KOH/g oil), flash point (>120 °C) and triglyceride content (82.8%). Based on the design of experiments, the best conditions for the transesterification reaction are 5:1 molar ratio of ethanol/oil, 4.5% (m/m oil) of enzyme and 45 °C of temperature, resulting in an experimental yield of 96.7%, with 87.6% (m/m) of esters content. Additionally, it was studied the effect of water in the transesterification reaction, using ethanol at 92, 85 and 75% (v/v). Results show that the best reaction yield (97.2%) and esters content (92.1%) were obtained using ethanol 92%. Although the esters content of the biodiesel obtained from coffee oil does not accomplish the EN 14214:2009 requirements, it is promising as there is the possibility to blend the coffee oil with oil from other sources in order to meet the standard requirements.
53 citations
52 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a solvent resistant nanofiltration (SRNF) membrane is developed by grafting a PDMS polymer into the pores of a 5 nm γ-alumina ceramic membrane.
52 citations