Showing papers on "Holothuria published in 2011"
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the FA profile of three commercial sea cucumbers; Holothuria tubulosa, H. polii and H. mammata from the Aegean Sea of Turkey.
Abstract: Proximate composition and fatty acid (FA) profile of three commercial sea cucumbers; Holothuria tubulosa, Holothuria polii and Holothuria mammata caught from Aegean Sea of Turkey were analysed. The effects of regional variation and drying process on FA composition were also investigated. Moisture, protein, fat and ash contents of the species ranged between 81.24% and 85.24%, 7.88% and 8.82%, 0.09% and 0.18%, and 5.13% and 7.85%, respectively, with a significant changes among species (P < 0.05) with some exceptions. Although FA values varied significantly (P < 0.05) among species and regions, the changes for most FA types representing the same region for different species were not significantly different. Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were found to be higher than total saturated (SFA) and monosaturated FAs (MUFA) accounting for 53.0-62.12% for ∑PUFA, 13.28-16.41% for ∑MUFA and 13.99-19.21% for ∑SFA. While some individual SFAs and PUFAs decreased after drying process, various individual FAs of MUFA increased in their amounts (P < 0.05). Among PUFAs, the highest mean value of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid for all regions were determined for H. polii as 7.25% and H. tubulosa as 12.37% in fresh samples, respectively. This study represents new information relating to FA contents and drying effect on FA profile for these species.
97 citations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: Although FA values varied significantly among species and regions, the changes for most FA types representing the same region for different species were not significantly different and various individual FAs of MUFA increased in their amounts.
Abstract: Summary Proximate composition and fatty acid (FA) profile of three commercial sea cucumbers; Holothuria tubulosa, Holothuria polii and Holothuria mammata caught from Aegean Sea of Turkey were analysed. The effects of regional variation and drying process on FA composition were also investigated. Moisture, protein, fat and ash contents of the species ranged between 81.24% and 85.24%, 7.88% and 8.82%, 0.09% and 0.18%, and 5.13% and 7.85%, respectively, with a significant changes among species (P < 0.05) with some exceptions. Although FA values varied significantly (P < 0.05) among species and regions, the changes for most FA types representing the same region for different species were not significantly different. Total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were found to be higher than total saturated (SFA) and monosaturated FAs (MUFA) accounting for 53.0–62.12% for P PUFA, 13.28–16.41% for P MUFA and 13.99–19.21% for P SFA. While some individual SFAs and PUFAs decreased after drying process, various individual FAs of MUFA increased in their amounts (P < 0.05). Among PUFAs, the highest mean value of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid for all regions were determined for H. polii as 7.25% and H. tubulosa as 12.37% in fresh samples, respectively. This study represents new information relating to FA contents and drying effect on FA profile for these species.
96 citations
TL;DR: A significant genetic break between the population in the Aegean Sea and those in the other locations, as supported by both mitochondrial genes, and weak differentiation of the Canary and Azores Islands from the other populations are revealed.
Abstract: We assessed the genetic structure of populations of the widely distributed sea cucumber Holothuria (Holothuria) mammata Grube, 1840, and investigated the effects of marine barriers to gene flow and historical processes. Several potential genetic breaks were considered, which would separate the Atlantic and Mediterranean basins, the isolated Macaronesian Islands from the other locations analysed, and the Western Mediterranean and Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). We analysed mitochondrial 16S and COI gene sequences from 177 individuals from four Atlantic locations and four Mediterranean locations. Haplotype diversity was high (H = 0.9307 for 16S and 0.9203 for COI), and the haplotypes were closely related (π = 0.0058 for 16S and 0.0071 for COI). The lowest genetic diversities were found in the Aegean Sea population. Our results showed that the COI gene was more variable and more useful for the detection of population structure than the 16S gene. The distribution of mtDNA haplotypes, the pairwise FST values and the results of exact tests and amova revealed: (i) a significant genetic break between the population in the Aegean Sea and those in the other locations, as supported by both mitochondrial genes, and (ii) weak differentiation of the Canary and Azores Islands from the other populations; however, the populations from the Macaronesian Islands, Algarve and West Mediterranean could be considered to be a panmictic metapopulation. Isolation by distance was not identified in H. (H.) mammata. Historical events behind the observed findings, together with the current oceanographic patterns, were proposed and discussed as the main factors that determine the population structure and genetic signature of H. (H.) mammata.
65 citations
TL;DR: It is strongly suggested that the dedifferentiating mesothelium provides the initial source of cells for the formation of the intestinal rudiment, and the mechanism of epithelial to mesenchymal transition provides many of the connective tissue cells found in the regenerating intestine.
Abstract: Background
Determining the type and source of cells involved in regenerative processes has been one of the most important goals of researchers in the field of regeneration biology. We have previously used several cellular markers to characterize the cells involved in the regeneration of the intestine in the sea cucumber Holothuria glaberrima.
53 citations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: Holothuria leucospilota has been induced to spawn by combining two methods: water pressure and thermal stimulation and Larvae were fed using unicellular algae and Sargassum extract.
Abstract: Holothuria leucospilota has been induced to spawn by combining two methods: water pressure and thermal stimulation. Larvae were fed using unicellular algae and Sargassum extract. Early juveniles were obtained on day 33. Survival rate was 4.2% to the juvenile stage.
35 citations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assessed the genetic structure of populations of the widely distributed sea cucumber Holothuria (Holothuria) mammata Grube, 1840, and investigated the effects of marine barriers to gene flow and historical processes.
Abstract: We assessed the genetic structure of populations of the widely distributed sea cucumber Holothuria (Holothuria) mammata Grube, 1840, and investigated the effects of marine barriers to gene flow and historical processes. Several potential genetic breaks were considered, which would separate the Atlantic and Mediterranean basins, the isolated Macaronesian Islands from the other locations analysed, and the Western Mediterranean and Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean). We analysed mitochondrial 16S and COI gene sequences from 177 individuals from four Atlantic locations and four Mediterranean locations. Haplotype diversity was high (H = 0.9307 for 16S and 0.9203 for COI), and the haplotypes were closely related (p = 0.0058 for 16S and 0.0071 for COI). The lowest genetic diversities were found in the Aegean Sea population. Our results showed that the COI gene was more variable and more useful for the detection of population structure than the 16S gene. The distribution of mtDNA haplotypes, the pairwise FST values and the results of exact tests and AMOVA revealed: (i) a significant genetic break between the population in the Aegean Sea and those in the other locations, as supported by both mitochondrial genes, and (ii) weak differentiation of the Canary and Azores Islands from the other populations; however, the populations from the Macaronesian Islands, Algarve and West Mediterranean could be considered to be a panmictic metapopulation. Isolation by distance was not identified in H. (H.) mammata. Historical events behind the observed findings, together with the current oceanographic patterns, were proposed and discussed as the main factors that determine the population structure and genetic signature of H. (H.) mammata.
13 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Tree topologies showed that H. leucospilota has its own monophyletic clade clearly distinct from the other species, and the pairwise genetic distance calculated further supported these findings.
Abstract: Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) leucospilota (Brandt 1835), white threads fish or locally known as bat puntil is currently considered as the most abundant sea cucumber species in Malaysia. This study aimed to generate the genetic profile of H. leucospilota from Malaysia and then to determine the phylogenetic relationship between H. leucospilota and other members of genus Holothuria using partial sequences of cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene. In this study, specimens of H. leucospilota were collected from Intan Besar Island, Langkawi, Kedah Darul Aman in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Three main methods namely neighbour joining, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood were used for the phylogenetic tree reconstruction. Tree topologies showed that H. leucospilota has its own monophyletic clade clearly distinct from the other species. The pairwise genetic distance calculated further supported these findings. In addition, the results also should that the COI mtDNA gene is capable to unravel the phylogenetic relationship of H. leucospilota.
Keywords: Holothuria leucospilota; molecular systematics; partial sequences of cytochrome oxidase I gene; phylogeny tree
9 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A new species of sea cucumber of the subgenus Selenkothuria Deichmann, 1958 is described, found in the Mexican Pacific, with absences of ossicles in the body wall, as well as in the dorsal and ventral tube feet.
Abstract: A new species of sea cucumber of the subgenus Selenkothuria Deichmann, 1958 is described. Holothuria (Selenkothuria) carere n. sp. was found in the Mexican Pacific, from intertidal to 6 m depth. The absences of ossicles in the body wall, as well as in the dorsal and ventral tube feet make this species unique among the species of this subgenus. Smooth straight rods with distal perforations and projections are present only in the dorsal and anal papillae, papillae at the base of the tentacles and in the tentacles. This species is distinctive within the subgenus. The shape of the ossicles shows some similarities with H. (S.) glaberrima Selenka, 1867.
7 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Two new triterpene glycosides were isolated from the sea cucumber Holothuria nobilis and their structures have been deduced by extensive spectral analysis and chemical structures as 3-O-{β-D-quinovopyranosyl-(1→2)-4′- O-sulfate-β- D-xylopyranusyl}-holoshillaside.
Abstract: Objective To study the constituents from the sea cucumber Holothuria nobilis.Methods The compounds of the sea cucumber were separated by multi-chromatography and their structures were elucidated by physico-chemical and spectral analyses.Results Two new triterpene glycosides were isolated and their structures have been deduced by extensive spectral analysis(IR,2D-NMR,and ESI-MS) and chemical structures as 3-O-{3′′′′-O-methyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-quinovopyranosyl-(1→2)-4′-O-sulfate-β-D-xylopyranosyl}-holosta-22,25-epoxy-9-ene-3β,12α,17α,25β-tetraol-sodium salt(nobiliside I,1) and 3-O-{β-D-quinovopyranosyl-(1→2)-4′-O-sulfate-β-D-xylopyranosyl}-holoshillaside 18(16)-lactone-22,25-epoxy-9-ene-3β,12α,17α-triol sodium(nobiliside II,2).Conclusion Two aglycons are both new compounds named nobiliside I and nobiliside II.
5 citations
TL;DR: Two species of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus and Holothuria leucospilota in Teluk Kamang Port Dickson, Malaysia, were investigated to determine their biodiversity and provide an insight into Holothurians environment needs.
Abstract: Sea cucumber species respond to challenging environmental conditions differently thus, to culture them in artificial environment requires a better understanding of their environmental needs. Two species of sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus and Holothuria leucospilota in Teluk Kamang Port Dickson (PD) (2° 27’ 46.61″N 101° 50’ 42.98″E), Malaysia, were investigated to determine their biodiversity. H. leucospilota was separately investigated to establish its abundance in three (3) separate periods of the year- March, July and November. Global Positioning System (GPS) and Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI) were used to measure the physical parameters. Stichopus japonicus and Holothuria leucospilota were found in temperature ranges of 31 to 32°C and 30 to 31°C, respectively. Salinity was 30.00 to 31.00 part per thousand (ppt) for S. japonicus and 30.00 to 31.00 ppt for H. leucospilota. The pH ranged from 7.80 to 8.40 and 8.00 to 8.60 for S. japonicus and H. leucospilota respectively. H. leucospilota species were more abundant in March than in July, and more in July than in November. Amplification of their genomic DNA using the 16S primer, showed H. leucospilota to be approximately 550 bp and S. japonicus 600 bp in size. The sequenced PCR products analyzed using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) Version 2.01G identified Holothuria leucospilota as another species in Malaysia. These findings provide an insight into Holothurians environment needs and established a nucleotide sequence for H. leucospilota in nucleotide database for future use.
5 citations
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used Shannon-Wienner formula to identify the species and diversity of sea cucumber in sea water of Auki island during March-April 2010 Transect line was used in this study Data were collected from 3 station, five transect lines were placed at each station Abiotic factors such as salinity, temperature and pH of sea- cucumber habitat were also collected during the study Diversity index was calculated by using Shannon Wienner formulas.
Abstract: Sea cucumber is one of important commodity in Papua Beside play role as protein source, sea cucumber also important cosmetic ingredient Despite Papua has rich in sea natural resources, until now still lack of information on diversity of sea cucumber in Papua, therefore, this study aim to identify the species and diversity of sea cucumber of one of sea cucumber in sea water of Auki island The study has conducted during March–April 2010 Transect line was used in this study Data were collected from 3 station, five transect lines were placed at each station Abiotic factors such as salinity, temperature and pH of sea cucumber habitat were also collected during the study Diversity index was calculated by using Shannon-Wienner formula It was found that index of diversity sea cucumber (H) at 023 Sea cucumber species found were Actinopyga lecanora , Actinopyga miliaris, Bohadschia similis, Bohadschia marmorata, Bohadschia vitiensis, Holothuria scabra , Holothuria scabra var versicolor, Holothuria atra, Holothuria argus dan Holothuria coluber Key words: Species diversity, Sea cucumber commodity, Auki Island
Journal Article•
TL;DR: To identify the diversity of sea cucumbers with the aim of assessing sea cucumber comprehensively in various habitats and regions, specimens were collected from 15 different parts on the intertidal flats of this island, mainly from north and south coasts.
Abstract: To identify the diversity of sea cucumbers with the aim of assessing sea cucumbers comprehensively in various habitats and regions, specimens were collected from 15 different parts on the intertidal flats of this island, mainly from north and south coasts. Sampling was done three times (from1388 to 1389) during summer, winter and spring. After transferring the specimen to the lab, spicules were extracted from all specimens and were used for identification The identification of the samples was done by using some valid identification keys to recognize their genera. On this basis, 6 species of Holothurians from Holothuriidea family were identified as: Holothuria parva, Holothuria arenicola, Holothuria cineraceus, Holothuria hilla, Holothuria leucospilota and Holothuria pardalis.
09 May 2011
TL;DR: The study has demonstrated thattraperitoneal administration of 4mg/kg of holothuria extracts significantly suppressed the pain behaviour in formalin injected rats compared to 2 mg/ kg of Holothuria extract and dynastat, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, in both phase 1 and 2 of formalin test.
Abstract: The aims of this study were to determine the analgesic dose of holothuria extracts and compare the extract effects with dynastat, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, on pain behaviour in rats injected with formalin. Thirty nine Sprague-Dawley male rats (220-300 gram) were used and they were given intraperitoneal injection of either saline, holothuria 2 mg/kg, holothuria 4mg/kg. or dynastat (20mg/kg). The rats’ behaviour was recorded for one hour and behaviour data were analysed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post hoc Scheffe’s test and significance level was taken as 0.05. The study has demonstrated that i ntraperitoneal administration of 4mg/kg of holothuria extracts significantly suppressed the pain behaviour in formalin injected rats compared to 2 mg/kg of holothuria extract and dynastat, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, in both phase 1 and 2 of formalin test. Results from this investigation throw some light as to the possible use of holothuria extract as an analgesic.
TL;DR: This study showed that administration of holothuria extract significantly suppressed the pain behaviour and reduced the number of FLI in formalin injected rats compared to control.
Abstract: Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of gamat extract on pain behaviour and Fos like immunoreactivity (FLI) expression in the ventral posterolateral thalamus using the acute pain model. Materials & Methods: Fourteen Sprague-Dawley male rats (220-300 gram) were given intraplantar injection of 0.05ml formalin (1%) followed by intraperitoneal administration of either 4 mg/kg gamat extracts (Holothuria spp.) or saline (control). Behavioural changes were observed and rats were sacrificed 2 hours post-formalin injection. Immunohistochemistry testing was done on the brain sections. FLI was examined using a light microscope attached to an image analyser. The behaviour and FLI data were analysed using repeated measure analysis of variance and independent t-test respectively. Significance level was taken as p<0.05. Results: The control group has significantly higher pain scores compared to holothuria group (F (1) =13.635, p=0.003). There was significant reduction in the pain behaviour score in the holothuria group when compared to the control group in phase 1 (t (14) =2.9, p=0.012) and most of the time from 15 to 60 minutes post-formalin injection (t (12) =3.535, p=0.004). There was a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the number of FLI on the contral ateral aspect of the ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus in the group that received 4mg/kg of holothuria extract (63 3.18) compared to control group (84 6.36). Conclusion: This study showed that administration of holothuria extract significantly suppressed the pain behaviour and reduced the number of FLI in formalin injected rats compared to control.
01 Jan 2011
01 Jan 2011
TL;DR: In this article, the phylogenetic relationship between H. leucospilota and other members of genus Holothuria using partial sequences of cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene was determined.
Abstract: Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) leucospilota (Brandt 1835), white threads fish or locally known as bat puntil is currently considered as the most abundant sea cucumber species in Malaysia. This study aimed to generate the genetic profile of H. leucospilota from Malaysia and then to determine the phylogenetic relationship between H. leucospilota and other members of genus Holothuria using partial sequences of cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene. In this study, specimens of H. leucospilota were collected from Intan Besar Island, Langkawi, Kedah Darul Aman in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Three main methods namely neighbour joining, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood were used for the phylogenetic tree reconstruction. Tree topologies showed that H. leucospilota has its own monophyletic clade clearly distinct from the other species. The pairwise genetic distance calculated further supported these findings. In addition, the results also should that the COI mtDNA gene is capable to unravel the phylogenetic relationship of H. leucospilota.