Showing papers on "Holothuria published in 2016"
TL;DR: In this study, fucoidan was extracted from Holothuria tubulosa, a species of sea cucumber that has recently become commercially important and its chain conformation was elucidated by utilizing high performance size exclusion chromatography combined with multiple angle laser light scattering and viscometry.
52 citations
TL;DR: A morphometric study to describe the baseline population size structure and size–weight distribution of sea cucumber target species, finding significant differences in length and weight between populations were found for each species.
35 citations
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that H .
29 citations
TL;DR: PAH source identification showed that the PAHs in the sediments come from pyrogenic and mixed origin, and reveals that pollutant concentration is relatively higher at the western parts of Persian Gulf.
23 citations
TL;DR: Significant relationships between accumulated metal(loid)s that changed by tissues and sea cucumber species were observed and the most inconsistent element in terms of correlations was the gut Fe contents.
Abstract: This study was conducted on Holothuria polii, Holothuria tubulosa, and Holothuria mammata collected from five stations with different depths in the Northern Mediterranean Sea. The body walls and guts of these holothurians were examined in terms of interactions of 10 metals (iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), vanadium (V), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb)) and one metalloid (arsenic (As)) using a multivariate analysis, and interspecies differences were determined. The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed significant differences between the species in terms of metal(loid) accumulations. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed a more association between H. tubulosa and H. polii with regard to the accumulation. The cluster analysis (CA) located Pb concentrations of the guts to the farthest place from all elements regardless of the species. A correlation analysis displayed that the element concentrations of the guts were more closely related to each other compared with those of the walls. The most inconsistent element in terms of correlations was the gut Fe contents. Accordingly, while Fe concentrations of H. mammata and H. tubulosa were correlated with all elements (except Pb) in divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) (divalent cation transporter 1 (DCT1) or natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 (NRAMP2)) belonging to the NRAM protein family, this was not the case in H. polii. Consequently, significant relationships between accumulated metal(loid)s that changed by tissues and sea cucumber species were observed.
15 citations
TL;DR: Comparative analyses between H. scabra and other holothurians revealed three new findings, including the incomplete stop codon T of cox2 shared with H. forskali may be a common feature in the genus Holothuria.
Abstract: The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Holothuria scabra, an economically and ecologically important tropical sea cucumber, was first sequenced and annotated. The mitochondrial DNA is 15,779 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a 456 bp putative control region, of which gene order is identical to the echinoderm ground pattern. Comparative analyses between H. scabra and other holothurians revealed three new findings: (1) the mitogenome of H. scabra is highly compact having five regions with overlapping genes and least intergenic nucleotides among the sequenced holothurians, only accounting for 3.58% of its mitogenome; (2) the genus Holothuria mitogenomes show a pattern of high interspecies divergence at the 13 PCGs, and the genetic p-distance reaches 25.68% between H. scabra and H. forskali; (3) the incomplete stop codon T of cox2 shared with H. forskali may be a common feature in the genus Holothuria.
13 citations
TL;DR: The full-length cDNA of A2M was cloned from the sea cucumber, which is a tropical species widely distributed along the coasts of the South China Sea and designated HaA2M, and it might have multiple functions in the innate immune system of H. atra.
10 citations
01 Nov 2016
TL;DR: This preliminary study aims identification sea cucumbers species of the Turkish waters based on the morphometric characteristics while some of species are determined from their calcareous spicules.
Abstract: There are nearly 1200 sea cucumber species in the world oceans, while only 37 species from Holothuroidea class lives in the Mediterranean Sea. This preliminary study aims identification sea cucumbers species of the Turkish waters. The sea cucumber samples used in this study were obtained from a series of different studies between the years of 2008 and 2014. Identification of the species are mainly based on the morphometric characteristics while some of species are determined from their calcareous spicules. Eight sea species were identified in this research which are; Holothuria tubulosa, Holothuria polii, Holothuria mammata, Holothuria (Platyperona) sanctori, Holothuria forskali, Stichopus regalis, Synaptula reciprocans and Stereoderma kirschbergi. There are limited number of studies in the literature focusing on the identification of the sea cucumber species spread in our seas. Therefore, this study is believed to play an important role in guiding future researches. Keywords: Sea cucumber, Holothuroidea, Turkish seas
9 citations
12 Apr 2016
TL;DR: It can be concluded that H. atra is an important sea cucumber from tropical region with health benefit effects in Eastern hemisphere.
Abstract: Sea cucumber is an important food and remedies in Eastern hemisphere. However, less study have been performed to identify health benefit effects of sea cucumber from tropical region. In this study, radical scavenging activity of sea cucumber from Mataram - Lombok [ Holothuria leucospilota , Holothuria atra , Holothuria fuscocinerea , and Holothuria excellens ] were studied. Compared to other species at concentration of 0.1 mg mL –1 , H. atra extract showed strongest scavenging activity in 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (13.14 ± 2.17) % and absorbance value of β -carotene linoleic acid model at 180 min was (3.32 ± 1,12). H. atra extract were further fractionated, and ethyl acetate fractions (fr. 6) significantly inhibit radical activity at 180 min with the absorbance value of 2.84 ± 0.2. It can be concluded that H. atra is an important sea cucumber from tropical region.
8 citations
TL;DR: This contribution provides an illustrated and annotated overview of the poorly known, highly biodiverse, sublittoral and bathyal sea cucumber fauna of the northern Mozambique Channel and stress the urgent need for more explorations to such regions.
Abstract: The 2009 expedition with the research vessel Miriky sampled the sublittoral and bathyal waters of the northern Mozambique Channel. This exploration campaign resulted in a small, but very diverse collection of holothuroids comprising 174 specimens representing 31 species, 18 genera, 10 families and 5 orders. Of these species, many were hitherto unknown for Madagascar or even for the Indian Ocean, and six, Bathyplotes aymeric sp. nov., Holothuria (Cystipus) yann sp. nov., Holothuria (Stauropora) bo sp. nov., Holothuria (Metriatyla) alex sp. nov., Holothuria (Theelothuria) cyrielle sp.nov., Molpadia thandari sp. nov., are new to science. Molpadia lenticulum (Cherbonnier & Feral, 1981) is a new combination. This contribution provides an illustrated and annotated overview of the poorly known, highly biodiverse, sublittoral and bathyal sea cucumber fauna of the northern Mozambique Channel. Our findings demonstrate how ignorant we are about the poorly explored habitats of our planet and therefore stress the urgent need for more explorations to such regions.
7 citations
24 Mar 2016
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors identify the species of black sea cucumbers inhabiting Pombo Island and map their distribution to understand the microhabitats of black Sea cucumber.
Abstract: The so called “black sea cucumber” are found in Indonesia as several species including Holothuria atra , H. leucospilota , H. coluber , H. excellens and H. turriscelsa. The local community of Wainure village near Pombo Island in central Maluku had reported that most sea cucumbers inhabiting the island are the black sea cucumbers or locally known as “teripang hitam.” They are occasionally consumed but not exploited excessively by the locals. The goals of this study are to identify the species of black sea cucumbers inhabiting Pombo Island and map their distribution to understand the microhabitats of black sea cucumber. Two field surveys conducted in March and April 2014 collected more than 550 individuals of black sea cucumbers that belong to two species Holothuria (Halodeima) atra Jaeger, 1833, and Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) leucospilota Brandt, 1835. Furthermore, distribution maps of these two species show that they are found only along the SE to SW coast of the island. Such distribution may relate to the availability of marine vegetation, as well as boulders and stones that provide shelters to the organism. The distribution maps also show that H. atra has a wider distribution than H. leucospilota in Pombo Island. This may be due to the semi-cryptic habit of H. Leucospilota ’s (i.e. hiding its posterior body under rocks or crevices), making its distribution restricted to areas that provide ample shelters.
TL;DR: Neither the T-bar nor the PIT tags fulfilled the requirements of high retention required for long-term studies, however, it is recommended the use of T-bars for short-term Studies for H. grisea under laboratory conditions or in a habitat with low substrate complexity.
Abstract: A reliable and harmless mark–recapture method provides valuable information for the management of commercial sea cucumber species. Nevertheless, marking and tracking sea cucumbers is notoriously difficult and represents a serious challenge. In this study, we tested one external and one internal tag in the sea cucumber Holothuria grisea. A passive integrated transponder (PIT) tag was inserted into the coelomic cavity in one treatment, whereas a T-bar (external tag) was attached in the upper surface of the body wall in the other treatment; sea cucumbers were then followed for 17 weeks. The tagging procedure caused no evisceration in the experimental groups, nor was a significant difference in growth rate found between treatments. The retention of the PIT tag was low, with 100% lost by Week 9. Retention of T-bars was higher, with 90% still attached by the end of the Week 8, but retention decreased thereafter as T-bar absorption increased. No relationship was found between initial weight and the number of weeks PIT tags (r=–0.173, P=0.781) or T-bars (r=–0.220, P=0.652) were retained. Neither the T-bar nor the PIT tags fulfilled the requirements of high retention required for long-term studies. However, we do recommend the use of T-bars for short-term studies for H. grisea under laboratory conditions or in a habitat with low substrate complexity.
TL;DR: Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) dominated the composition of fatty acids in the samples from both locations and was found in highest concentration from Holothuria sp harvested from Lampung waters, thus being the most prospective raw material for nutraceutical or functional food ingredient with anticancer potency.
Abstract: Fatty acids and carotenoid has been known as an anticancer agent on both preventing and treating cancer disease. This study was conducted to analyze the fatty acid profile, carotenoid and in vitro anticancer activity of 12 sea cucumber harvested from Karimunjawa and Lampung waters. The aim of the study was to determin the potency of sea cucumbers as raw material for nutraceutical products. Fatty acid profile and carotenoid content were characterized by gas chromatography and spectrophotometry techniques, while in vitro anticancer activity was assessed by MTT assay against cervix (HeLa), breast (T47D and MCF-7) and colon (WiDR) cancer cells. Results of the study showed polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) dominated the composition of fatty acids in the samples from both locations. Holothuria sp. was detected to contain the highest amount of carotenoid. Furthermore, the highest in vitro anticancer activity was detected also in the sample of Holothuria sp. The activity of 30 ppm Holothuria sp. extract against HeLa cell was detected to be almost equal to the 5 ppm doxorubicin control. Concentration of 5 ppm Holothuria sp. extract also showed positive result in killing 50% of MCF-7 and T47D, but capable to 100% kill HeLa and WiDR cells. At concentration of 25 ppm, the extract was able to kill all the 4 cells tested. Statistical analysis showed the amount of carotenoid and two particular fatty acid compounds (docosadienoic and eicosapentaenoic acid) significantly (P<0.05) contributed to the cytotoxic activity that was found in the sea cucumber samples. Those compounds were found in highest concentration from Holothuria sp harvested from Lampung waters, thus being the most prospective raw material for nutraceutical or functional food ingredient with anticancer potency.
01 Mar 2016
TL;DR: Results proved 100% identity of sea cucumber Holothuria (Selenkothuria) parva with previously identified and submitted sequences in GenBank, and this species shared a common cluster in phylogenetic tree.
Abstract: This study has been undertaken to investigate morphological and molecular identification of sea cucumber Holothuria (Selenkothuria) parva geographically distributed in the northern part of the Persian Gulf. Specimens were collected from the intertidal zone of Bostaneh Port during 2013. Molecular genetic analysis was done to confirm the morphological identification and taxonomic status of species in phylogenetic trees. Results proved 100% identity of sea cucumber Holothuria (Selenkothuria) parva with previously identified and submitted sequences in GenBank. This species shared a common cluster in phylogenetic tree. This is the first report of Holothuria (Selenkothuria) parva from Bostaneh Port with both morphological and molecular details.
29 Jun 2016
TL;DR: In this study, tree topologies of neighbour joining, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood show that H. leucospilota has its own monophyletic clade clearly distinct from the other species and it is genetically closer to Holothuria (Acanthotrapeza) coluber Semper 1868.
Abstract: This study aimed to generate the genetic profile of Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) leucospilota (Brandt 1835) from Intan Besar Island, Langkawi, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia and then to determine the phylogenetic relationship between H. leucospilota and other members of genus Holothuria available in the GenBank using partial sequences of cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene. In this study, tree topologies of neighbour joining, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood show that H. leucospilota has its own monophyletic clade clearly distinct from the other species and it is genetically closer to Holothuria (Acanthotrapeza) coluber Semper 1868.
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods suggest that the undetermined sea cucumber species was genetically closer to Holothuria (Lessonothuria) pardalis and Holthuria (Acanthotrapeza) coluber; and its position in both phylogenetic trees further suggests its status as a Holothurian taxon.
Abstract: This study aimed to resolve the taxonomic status of a morphologically undetermined sea cucumber species of order Apodida from Malaysia (GenBank accession no.: FJ223867) using partial 16S mitochondrial rRNA gene sequences and subsequently to determine the validity of morphological taxonomy of Holothuria species into its current subgenera. The undetermined species clustered with all taxa of Holothuria in previous study. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods suggest that the undetermined species was genetically closer to Holothuria (Lessonothuria) pardalis and Holothuria (Acanthotrapeza) coluber; and its position in both phylogenetic trees further suggests its status as a Holothuria taxon. Subgenera of Holothuria, Merthensiothuria and Metriatyla are monophyletic with strong bootstrap supports and posterior probabilities of clades, thus strengthening their morphological taxonomies. Nonetheless, the non-monophyly of subgenera of Halodeima, Microthele and Platyperona suggests a requirement for their taxonomic revisions using integrative taxonomy. The status of Holothuria (Halodeima) edulis subgroups in the maximum parsimony and Bayesian trees is indistinct and further taxonomic revisions are necessary. In terms of sister relationship, both phylogenetic trees suggest that subgenus Holothuria is a sister taxon of subgenus Roweothuria while the other sister relationships were unclear due to the undetermined species, paraphyly and polyphyly of a number of subgenera. Further studies with more specimens of genus Holothuria from broader geographical locations and various mtDNA genes along with morphological approaches may facilitate to provide better insights into the molecular phylogeny of subgenera of Holothuria.
01 Jan 2016
TL;DR: The outcomes of this study suggested the potential of 16S mitochondrial rRNA gene sequencing technique to be used by the enforcement agencies in monitoring and overcoming the issues of species substitution and product mislabeling of beche-de-mer products in Malaysian markets.
Abstract: In food industry, wide-ranging processing of sea cucumbers (Phylum Echinodermata: Class Holothuroidea) including gutting, boiling, roasting, and subsequent preservation procedures are frequently needed prior to marketing. These processes cause body deformation of the
sea cucumbers, thus leading to difficulties in species identification and confirmation of the processed sea cucumbers or beche-de-mer. Furthermore, beche-de-mer products in Malaysian markets are often unlabelled or mislabelled. Economic fraud, health hazards, and illegal trade of protected species are the potential major consequences of the issues. Therefore, a reliable, reproducible, and rapid technique for species identification is required. For that reason, this study was conducted to determine species identity of 25 beche-de-mer specimens that were not tagged with species details from four selected Malaysian markets. Five reference samples were also included in the analyses consisting of fresh samples that were morphologically identified as Stichopus horrens and Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) leucospilota from Pangkor Island, Perak, Malaysia. Phylogenetic analyses of 30 partial
sequences of non-protein-coding 16S mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene using five main methods i.e. Neighbour-Joining (NJ), Maximum Likelihood (ML), Minimum
Evolution (ME), Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA), and Maximum Parsimony (MP) showed the presence of two main clusters of the beche-demer specimens: Stichopodidae (gamat family) and Holothuriidae (timun laut family). The beche-de-mer specimens of S. horrens, Stichopus herrmanni, and Thelenota anax were the three gamat species that clustered under the family Stichopodidae. Meanwhile, the
beche-de-mer specimens of H. leucospilota, Holothuria (Halodeima) edulis, Holothuria (Metriatyla) scabra, and H. scabra var. versicolor were the four timun laut species that clustered under the family Holothuriidae. In fact, the outcomes of this study suggested the potential of 16S mitochondrial rRNA gene sequencing technique to be used by the enforcement agencies in monitoring and overcoming the issues of species substitution and
product mislabeling of beche-de-mer products in Malaysian markets.