scispace - formally typeset
Search or ask a question
Topic

Holothuria

About: Holothuria is a research topic. Over the lifetime, 362 publications have been published within this topic receiving 4982 citations.


Papers
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study showed that administration of holothuria extract significantly suppressed the pain behaviour and reduced the number of FLI in formalin injected rats compared to control.
Abstract: Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of gamat extract on pain behaviour and Fos like immunoreactivity (FLI) expression in the ventral posterolateral thalamus using the acute pain model. Materials & Methods: Fourteen Sprague-Dawley male rats (220-300 gram) were given intraplantar injection of 0.05ml formalin (1%) followed by intraperitoneal administration of either 4 mg/kg gamat extracts (Holothuria spp.) or saline (control). Behavioural changes were observed and rats were sacrificed 2 hours post-formalin injection. Immunohistochemistry testing was done on the brain sections. FLI was examined using a light microscope attached to an image analyser. The behaviour and FLI data were analysed using repeated measure analysis of variance and independent t-test respectively. Significance level was taken as p<0.05. Results: The control group has significantly higher pain scores compared to holothuria group (F (1) =13.635, p=0.003). There was significant reduction in the pain behaviour score in the holothuria group when compared to the control group in phase 1 (t (14) =2.9, p=0.012) and most of the time from 15 to 60 minutes post-formalin injection (t (12) =3.535, p=0.004). There was a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the number of FLI on the contral ateral aspect of the ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus in the group that received 4mg/kg of holothuria extract (63 3.18) compared to control group (84 6.36). Conclusion: This study showed that administration of holothuria extract significantly suppressed the pain behaviour and reduced the number of FLI in formalin injected rats compared to control.

1 citations

08 Dec 2006
TL;DR: Molecular ecology analyses suggest that the grouping and classification at species and higher level as inferred from COI mtDNA gene are unresolved, requiring further molecular ecology studies to be done in the near future.
Abstract: Diverse species of sea cucumber (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) were documented in Malaysia. Their abundance benefits the Malaysians in traditional and modern medicinal industry as well as in food processing industry. Previously, the identification of sea cucumber species in Malaysia was done mainly based on morphological characters. Among the characters used were the shapes of ossicles, body shapes and colour, shapes of tentacles, the existence and shapes of papillae. However, the morphological approaches were unsuccessfully unravelled the problematic taxonomic status of sea cucumbers as there are unidentified and unknown species present throughout Malaysia to date. As an alternative approach to verify the species status inferred from morphology, molecular ecology analyses were incorporated in this study to examine the phylogenetic relationship between and among selected species of sea cucumbers from Malaysia by using cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene. Three genera were selected namely Holothuria and Stichopus from order Aspidochirotida, and genus Molpadia from order Molpadiida. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) gave the desired products of amplified COI mtDNA region with length of approximately 510 bp. After the multiple sequence alignment, partial sequences of COI mtDNA gene ranging from 488 bp to 489 bp were utilized for further analyses. 22 ingroups of sea cucumbers and one outgroup represented by Diadema setosum were included in the reconstruction of neighbour-joining (NJ) tree and maximum parsimony (MP) tree. Base frequency and genetic distance based on Kimura-2 parameter model were also calculated prior to the reconstruction of phylogenetic tree. Basically, both types of phylogenetic trees suggest the paraphyly of Holothuria and Stichopus due to the clustering of four Stichopus horrens individuals together with Holothuria species. Apart from that, Molpadia species seems genetically close to the main group of genus Holothuria and Stichopus horrens. The phylogenetic results were also supported by the data from genetic distance. Overall, the above findings strongly suggest that the grouping and classification at species and higher level as inferred from COI mtDNA gene are unresolved, requiring further molecular ecology studies to be done in the near future.

1 citations

01 Jan 2010
TL;DR: In this article, the current status of Holothria atra at 13 sites of South Tarawa lagoon (Republic of Kiribati) was established by using biological surveys and fishers' questionnaires.
Abstract: Holothuria atra or lollyfish is the most common sea cucumber in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The current status of Holothria atra at 13 sites of South Tarawa lagoon (Republic of Kiribati) was established by using biological surveys and fishers' questionnaires. A preliminary investigation was conducted in order to assess how and why environmental variability and fishing pressure have affected the spatial and temporal distribution, mean abundant and mean size of this species at the sites. The 13 sites were selected randomly, and marked with a GPS on the map of South Tarawa. Sedimentary characteristics were determined for each site, and a qualitative assessment of sites health was made. Lollyfish length, biomass and abundance and transect density were calculated for each site. The weight of organic matter content and size of sediment sample were determined. Data were analysed using Kruskal-Walis (KW) and Repeated measures (RM) ANOVA tests. This thesis shows that the environmental variability could not offer reasons as to why the biological data of lollyfish varied from one site to another. However, other factors that were tested may explain the variation in biological data. Fishing pressure is one of those parameters that can regulate the lollyfish distribution and density and responses from local fishers indicate that fishing pressure is high and that the lollyfish resource is under considerable harvest pressure. Dissolved oxygen concentration in the water column and in the sediment may be also involved in the variation in lollyfish distribution and density but this was not tested. The findings of this research lead to a number of recommendations for the sustainable harvest of lollyfish in Tarawa lagoon. These include consideration of gear restrictions, lollyfish size and number limits, and the establishment of marine protected areas under co-management arrangements.

1 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
31 Dec 2020
TL;DR: Bu calismanin amaci, Karachi kiyisinda secilen iki bolgede sediment, yuzey deniz suyu ve Holothuria leucospilota kaslari ve derisindeki civa seviyelerini belirlemektir.
Abstract: The aim of the present study was to determine mercury levels in sediments, surface sea water and Holothuria leucospilota muscles and skin in two selected sites from Karachi coast. Samples were collected during two seasons south-west monsoon (August-September) and north-east monsoon (December-January). The concentrations of Hg in sediment ranged from 0.0012 to 0.0023 mg kg-1, and in surface water from 0.00018 to 0.00034 (µg l-1), while in muscle and skin of black sea cucumber ranged from LOD to 0.0034 and LOD to 0.0046 mg kg-1 dry wt., respectively. Moreover, Hg showed the highest accumulation rate in the skin tissue with BSAF values ranging between 2 in Buleji and 2.69 in Sunehri at north-east monsoon. The BSAF values in the muscles of the black sea cucumber ranged from 1.44 at south-west monsoon in Buleji to 1.63 at north-east monsoon in Sunehri, respectively. Since BSAF value is higher than 2 on the skin of sea cucumber, it is evaluated as macro-concentrator. However, the BSAF value varies between 1 and 2 in muscle, it has been determined as micro-concentrator. Hg in the black sea cucumbers from Buleji and Sunehri sites of the Karachi coasts is “very bio-accumulative” (BCF > 5000) during both sampling seasons.

1 citations

Dissertation
01 Sep 2013
TL;DR: The analysis provided evidence for the presence of saponins in H. grisea and H. manningi, but S. reciprocans does not contain significant amounts of triterpene glycosides, corresponding to probably six new compounds between the two species.
Abstract: Holothurians have been used in food and medicine probably due to the chemical compounds found within them. They are usually composed of triterpene glycosides, also called saponins, which often play an ecological role in the environment, but also have pharmacological and toxicological properties. This project explored the chemical composition of three understudied holothurian species: Holothuria grisea, Synaptula reciprocans and Holothuria manningi. LC-MS and NMR procedures were performed on each of the species in an attempt to elucidate the chemical composition along with bioassays to reveal the biological functions of the compounds. The analysis provided evidence for the presence of saponins in H. grisea and H. manningi, but S. reciprocans does not contain significant amounts of triterpene glycosides. The results have not previously been reported thus corresponding to probably six new compounds between the two species. The study was limited in its scope due to the material availability and the complexity of the analysis. These results contribute the current literature in that they provide a starting point for the chemical description of the studied species. Furthermore, analysis utilizing more material and sophisticated NMR experiments with pure compounds is required in order to make more concrete inferences and ecological conclusions. Holothurians, commonly known as sea cucumbers, are the second most numerous group of echinoderms with more than 1500 described species 3 and a worldwide distribution in all marine climate zones and bioregions, from shallow waters to the deep ocean. Sea cucumbers have been used as food and a source of medicine since ancient times, especially in the Asian market. 7 Known as trepang or bêche-de-mer, they are considered a delicacy with aphrodisiac characteristics. 7 9 This belief could be based on the medicinal properties that may be given by high protein content and triterpene glycosides; or, related to the so-called doctrine of signatures, in which its properties are associated to the physical appearance of an organism. The triterpene glycosides, also called saponins (their name is derived from ability to form stable, soaplike foams in aqueous solutions) are formed by a hydrophobic part (known as aglycone) and hydrophilic carbohydrate chain. These are typical secondary metabolites of plant origin that can also be found in animals such as holothurians. Most of triterpene glycosides in sea cucumbers are lanostane derivatives having aglycones belonging to a holostane type [3{3,205-dihydroxy-5alanostano-18,20-lactone] (Figure 1). A carbohydrate chain including from two to six monosaccharide units is linked to C-3 of aglycone, which may be triterpenoid or steroid. The sugar composition often includes D-xylose, D-quinovose, 3-O-methyl-D-glycose, D-3-O-methylxylose and D-glucose but also other sugars. These are different types of sugars such as pentose (C5H10O5) or hexose (C6H12O6) that can have a methyl group (i.e. methylated hexose, C7H14O6) or a hydrogen atom instead of the hydroxyl group (i.e. deoxyhexose, C6H12O5). Different isomers (compounds with identical formula but different stereochemistry) exist for these types of sugars, which usually make their identification a difficult task. The same occurs with aglycones that have the same formula but differ in the position of individual substituents (regiochemistry), in addition to the free-dimensional arrangement of substituents in space (stereochemistry).

1 citations


Network Information
Related Topics (5)
Mytilus
4.4K papers, 152.4K citations
78% related
Shrimp
18.9K papers, 336.6K citations
77% related
Mangrove
11.4K papers, 262.2K citations
76% related
Algae
13K papers, 400.3K citations
75% related
Freshwater fish
5.2K papers, 127.6K citations
74% related
Performance
Metrics
No. of papers in the topic in previous years
YearPapers
20222
202114
202024
201923
201822
201712